WordNet

turn so as to face; turn the face in a certain direction; "Turn and face your partner now"
a vertical surface of a building or cliff
the general outward appearance of something; "the face of the city is changing"
the side upon which the use of a thing depends (usually the most prominent surface of an object); "he dealt the cards face down"
the striking or working surface of an implement
the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear; "he washed his face"; "I wish I had seen the look on his face when he got the news" (同)human face
a part of a person that is used to refer to a person; "he looked out at a roomful of faces"; "when he returned to work he met many new faces"
status in the eyes of others; "he lost face"
the part of an animal corresponding to the human face
be opposite; "the facing page"; "the two sofas face each other"
cover the front or surface of; "The building was faced with beautiful stones"
line the edge (of a garment) with a different material; "face the lapels of the jacket"
turn so as to expose the face; "face a playing card"
come into the company of; "She joined him for a drink"
cause to become joined or linked; "join these two parts so that they fit together" (同)bring together
make contact or come together; "The two roads join here" (同)conjoin
become part of; become a member of a group or organization; "He joined the Communist Party as a young man" (同)fall_in, get together
united or combined; "a joint session of Congress"; "joint owners"
marijuana leaves rolled into a cigarette for smoking (同)marijuana cigarette, reefer, stick, spliff
a disreputable place of entertainment
junction by which parts or objects are joined together
(anatomy) the point of connection between two bones or elements of a skeleton (especially if it allows motion) (同)articulation, articulatio
provide with a joint; "the carpenter jointed two pieces of wood" (同)articulate
affecting or involving two or more; "joint income-tax return"; "joint ownership"
fasten with a joint
fit as if by joints; "The boards fit neatly"
involving both houses of a legislature; "a joint session of Congress"
separate (meat) at the joint
a smooth surface (as of a bone or cut gemstone)
the act of bringing two things into contact (especially for communication); "the joining of hands around the table"; "there was a connection via the internet" (同)connection, connexion

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈C〉『顔』 / 〈C〉表情,顔つき / 〈C〉(物の)『表面』(surface),(建物の)正面(front),(貨幣・カードなどの)表《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉(…の)外観,様子《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉面目,面子(めんつ) / 〈C〉(多角面体の)面 / 〈C〉(活字・版の)面(印刷する部分);(活字の)書体 / 〈C〉(鉱山の)採掘現場 / …‘に'『面する』,‘の'ほうを向く / (…のほうに)…‘を'向ける《+『名』+『toward』+『名』》 / 〈人が〉〈危険など〉‘に'直面する,立ち向かう,対抗する;〈危険などが〉〈人〉‘に'迫る / 〈事実・現実など〉‘を'直視する,認める / (…で)〈壁など〉‘に'上塗り(上張り)をする《+『名』+『with』+『名』》 / (ある場所・方角に)面する,向く《+『on』(『to』,『toward』)+『名』》
〈二つ以上のもの〉‘を'『つなぐ』,結合する《+『名』+『together』(『up』)》;(…に)…‘を'つなぐ《+『名』+『to』(『onto』)+『名』》 / (線などで)〈二つ以上のもの〉‘の'間を結ぶ(つなぐ)《+『名』+『by』(『with』)+『名』》 / (友情・結婚などで)〈人〉‘を'結びつける《+『名』+『in』+『名』》 / 〈川・道などが〉…‘と'いっしょになる,合流する / 〈会など〉‘に'『加入する』 / (…で)〈人〉‘の'『仲間に入る』,‘と'いっしょになる《+『名』〈人〉+『in』(『for』)+『名』,+『名』〈人〉+『in』do『ing』》 / (…に)『加わる』《+『in』+『名』〈事〉/+『in』『with』+『名』〈人〉》 / (人と…を)『ともにする』《+『with』+『名』〈人〉+『in』+『名』(doing)》 / 〈川・道などが〉『いっしょになる』,合流する / 接合箇所(点,面,線);継ぎ目
『関節』 / 『継ぎ目』,接合箇所,合わせ目 / 継ぎ目と継ぎ目の間の部分,節 / (二つの部分を継いだり支えたりするのに用いる)継ぎ手,ジョイント / (枝や葉の)つけ根,節 / (骨付きの)肉の大切り身 / 《俗》安酒場,とばく宿,アヘン窟(くつ) / 『共同の』,共有の;連帯の,連合の / 両院合同の;二院制議会の両院の / …‘を'継ぎ合わせる;…‘を'継ぎ目(関節)でつなぐ / …‘を'継ぎ目で分ける;〈鳥・肉など〉‘を'関節で切り分ける
(宝石・結晶などのなめらかな)面,切り子面 / (物事の)面(aspect)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/04/02 21:27:41」(JST)

wiki en

A zygapophysial joint (zygapophyseal, apophyseal, Z-joint, or facet joint) is a synovial joint between the superior articular process of one vertebra and the inferior articular process of the vertebra directly above it. There are two facet joints in each spinal motion segment.

The biomechanical function of each pair of facet joints is to guide and limit movement of the spinal motion segment. In the lumbar spine, for example, the zygapophysial joints function to protect the motion segment from anterior shear forces, excessive rotation and flexion. Zygapophyseal joints appear to have little influence on the range of side bending (lateral flexion). These functions can be disrupted by degeneration, dislocation, fracture, injury, instability from trauma, osteoarthritis, and surgery. In the thoracic spine the zygapophysial joints function to restrain the amount of flexion and anterior translation of the corresponding vertebral segment and function to facilitate rotation.

Facet joint arthritis

In large part due to the mechanical nature of their function, all joints undergo degenerative changes with the wear and tear of age. This is particularly true for joints in the spine, and the zygapophysial joint in particular. This is commonly known as facet joint arthritis or facet arthropathy.

Diagnosis

Facet joint arthritis often manifests as a dull ache across the back. However like many deep organs of the body it can be experienced by the patient in a variety of referral pain patterns. The location of facet joints, deep in the back and covered with large tracts of paraspinal muscles, further complicate the diagnostic approach. Typically facet joint arthritis is diagnosed with specialized physical examination by specialist physicians. Advanced imaging such as MRI or CT may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis and to rule out other conditions.

Treatment

Conservative treatment of facet joint arthritis involves Chiropractic Manipulation, physical therapy, or osteopathic medicine with correction of posture and biomechanics being the key. Acupuncture and Chinese medicine can provide pain relief as well as increasing blood flow to the tissues to promote healing. More advanced cases involving severe inflammatory response in the Z-joint, not unlike a swollen arthritic knee. Steroid injections may provide temporary pain relief. This is typically performed under image guidance to ensure accuracy given the complex shape and deep location of the facet.^[1]

Etymology

Ancient Greek: zygon ("yoke") + apo ("out/from") + phyein ("grow")

References

^ NASS on facet joint injections

External links

Diagram at spineuniverse.com
Diagram at necksurgery.com
Emedicine article on Lumbosacral Facet Syndrome

This musculoskeletal system article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

155 The implantation of facet bone dowels may not provide adequate fixation for fusion.

Pirris SM, Reimer R, Deen HG, Wharen RE, Nottmeier EW.AbstractINTRODUCTION: Facet bone dowels have been introduced and marketed as a less invasive alternative to established fixation methods in performing spinal fusions. Surgeons have been placing them during lumbar laminectomies and billing for fusion. These bone dowels have also been placed percutaneously in outpatient centers and pain clinics for facet-mediated back pain.
Neurosurgery.Neurosurgery.2013 Aug;60 Suppl 1:171-2. doi: 10.1227/01.neu.0000432746.48064.e7.
INTRODUCTION: Facet bone dowels have been introduced and marketed as a less invasive alternative to established fixation methods in performing spinal fusions. Surgeons have been placing them during lumbar laminectomies and billing for fusion. These bone dowels have also been placed percutaneously in
PMID 23839422

Fluoroscopically guided anterior atlantoaxial transarticular screws: a feasibility and trajectory study using CT-based simulation software.

Padua MR, Yeom JS, Lee SY, Lee SM, Kim HJ, Chang BS, Lee CK, Riew KD.SourceSpine Center and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 166 Gumiro, Bundang-ku, Sungnam 463-707, Republic of Korea.
The spine journal : official journal of the North American Spine Society.Spine J.2013 Jul 10. pii: S1529-9430(13)00546-9. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2013.05.036. [Epub ahead of print]
BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Anterior transarticular screw (ATAS) fixation has been suggested as a viable alternative to posterior stabilization. However, we are not aware of previous reports attempting to establish the usefulness of specific fluoroscopic landmark-guided trajectories in the use of ATAS, and
PMID 23850256

Unusual presentation of giant cell tumor originating from a facet joint of the thoracic spine in a child: a case report and review of the literature.

Siribumrungwong K, Tangtrakulwanich B, Nitiruangjaras A.SourceDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkla 90110, Thailand. koopongs@hotmail.com.
Journal of medical case reports.J Med Case Rep.2013 Jul 5;7(1):178. doi: 10.1186/1752-1947-7-178.
INTRODUCTION: Giant cell tumor of the synovium is a common benign lesion that frequently occurs at the tendon sheaths in the hand; it is usually found in adults over 30 years old. It is related to pigmented villonodular synovitis. Giant cell tumor of the synovium or pigmented villonodular synovitis
PMID 23830026

Japanese Journal

Effect of adding cervical facet joint injections in a multimodal treatment program for long-standing cervical myofascial pain syndrome with referral pain patterns of cervical facet joint syndrome

PARK Sung-Chun,KIM Kyung-Hoon
Journal of anesthesia 26(5), 738-745, 2012-10-20
NAID 10031123498

臨床室腰椎椎間関節の偽痛風発作が急性腰痛症の原因となった1例

金沢敏勝,進藤明
整形外科 63(11), 1152-1154, 2012-10-00
NAID 40019444305

片側進入両側除圧後の腰椎部椎間関節腫の検討 : CTにおける椎間関節変性度と腫発生の関連性 (日本脊椎・脊髄神経手術手技学会特集号) -- (ビデオ手術手技)

南徳彦,森永達夫,池田修 [他]
Journal of spine research : official journal of the Japanese Society for Spine Surgery and Related Research 3(7), 1069-1072, 2012-07-00
NAID 40019398356

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「椎間関節」「zygapophyseal joint」
関連記事	「join」「facet」「face」「joint」

「椎間関節」

Zygapophysial joint
	A thoracic vertebra. The zygapophysial joint is the joint between the superior articular process (labeled at top) and the inferior articular process (labeled at bottom).
	Median sagittal section of two lumbar vertebræ and their ligaments.
Latin	articulationes zygapophysiales
MeSH	zygapophyseal+joint