関: facet joint

WordNet

come into the company of; "She joined him for a drink"
cause to become joined or linked; "join these two parts so that they fit together" (同)bring together
make contact or come together; "The two roads join here" (同)conjoin
become part of; become a member of a group or organization; "He joined the Communist Party as a young man" (同)fall_in, get together
united or combined; "a joint session of Congress"; "joint owners"
marijuana leaves rolled into a cigarette for smoking (同)marijuana cigarette, reefer, stick, spliff
a disreputable place of entertainment
junction by which parts or objects are joined together
(anatomy) the point of connection between two bones or elements of a skeleton (especially if it allows motion) (同)articulation, articulatio
provide with a joint; "the carpenter jointed two pieces of wood" (同)articulate
affecting or involving two or more; "joint income-tax return"; "joint ownership"
fasten with a joint
fit as if by joints; "The boards fit neatly"
involving both houses of a legislature; "a joint session of Congress"
separate (meat) at the joint
the act of bringing two things into contact (especially for communication); "the joining of hands around the table"; "there was a connection via the internet" (同)connection, connexion
having joints or jointed segments;

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈二つ以上のもの〉‘を'『つなぐ』,結合する《+『名』+『together』(『up』)》;(…に)…‘を'つなぐ《+『名』+『to』(『onto』)+『名』》 / (線などで)〈二つ以上のもの〉‘の'間を結ぶ(つなぐ)《+『名』+『by』(『with』)+『名』》 / (友情・結婚などで)〈人〉‘を'結びつける《+『名』+『in』+『名』》 / 〈川・道などが〉…‘と'いっしょになる,合流する / 〈会など〉‘に'『加入する』 / (…で)〈人〉‘の'『仲間に入る』,‘と'いっしょになる《+『名』〈人〉+『in』(『for』)+『名』,+『名』〈人〉+『in』do『ing』》 / (…に)『加わる』《+『in』+『名』〈事〉/+『in』『with』+『名』〈人〉》 / (人と…を)『ともにする』《+『with』+『名』〈人〉+『in』+『名』(doing)》 / 〈川・道などが〉『いっしょになる』,合流する / 接合箇所(点,面,線);継ぎ目
『関節』 / 『継ぎ目』,接合箇所,合わせ目 / 継ぎ目と継ぎ目の間の部分,節 / (二つの部分を継いだり支えたりするのに用いる)継ぎ手,ジョイント / (枝や葉の)つけ根,節 / (骨付きの)肉の大切り身 / 《俗》安酒場,とばく宿,アヘン窟(くつ) / 『共同の』,共有の;連帯の,連合の / 両院合同の;二院制議会の両院の / …‘を'継ぎ合わせる;…‘を'継ぎ目(関節)でつなぐ / …‘を'継ぎ目で分ける;〈鳥・肉など〉‘を'関節で切り分ける
継ぎ目のある;関節のある

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/06/25 23:09:34」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

Illustration highlighting facet joint articulation between two vertebrae

A zygapophysial joint (zygapophyseal, apophyseal, Z-joint, or facet joint) is a synovial joint between the superior articular process, in humans (cranial in nonhuman animals) of one vertebra and the inferior (caudal) articular process of the vertebra directly above it. There are two facet joints in each spinal motion segment.

The biomechanical function of each pair of facet joints is to guide and limit movement of the spinal motion segment. In the lumbar spine, for example, the zygapophysial joints function to protect the motion segment from anterior shear forces, excessive rotation and flexion. Zygapophyseal joints appear to have little influence on the range of side bending (lateral flexion). These functions can be disrupted by degeneration, dislocation, fracture, injury, instability from trauma, osteoarthritis, and surgery. In the thoracic spine the zygapophysial joints function to restrain the amount of flexion and anterior translation of the corresponding vertebral segment and function to facilitate rotation.

Facet joint arthritis

In large part due to the mechanical nature of their function, all joints undergo degenerative changes with the wear and tear of age. This is particularly true for joints in the spine, and the zygapophysial joint in particular. This is commonly known as facet joint arthritis or facet arthropathy.

Diagnosis

Facet joint arthritis often manifests as a dull ache across the back. However like many deep organs of the body it can be experienced by the patient in a variety of referral pain patterns. The location of facet joints, deep in the back and covered with large tracts of paraspinal muscles, further complicate the diagnostic approach. Typically facet joint arthritis is diagnosed with specialized physical examination by specialist physicians. Advanced imaging such as MRI or CT may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis and to rule out other conditions.

Treatment

Illustration depicting facet joint block

Conservative treatment of facet joint arthritis involves chiropractic, physical therapy, or osteopathic medicine with correction of posture and biomechanics being the key. Acupuncture and Chinese medicine can provide pain relief as well as increasing blood flow to the tissues to promote healing. More advanced cases involving severe inflammatory response in the Z-joint, not unlike a swollen arthritic knee. Steroid injections may provide temporary pain relief. This is typically performed under image guidance to ensure accuracy given the complex shape and deep location of the facet.^[1]

Etymology

Ancient Greek: zygon ("yoke") + apo ("out/from") + phyein ("grow")

References

^ NASS on facet joint injections

External links

Diagram at spineuniverse.com
Diagram at necksurgery.com
Emedicine article on Lumbosacral Facet Syndrome

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Lumbar disc degeneration was not related to spine and hip bone mineral densities in Chinese: facet joint osteoarthritis may confound the association.

Pan J1, Lu X1, Yang G1, Han Y2, Tong X1, Wang Y3.
Archives of osteoporosis.Arch Osteoporos.2017 Dec;12(1):20. doi: 10.1007/s11657-017-0315-6. Epub 2017 Feb 16.
PMID 28210985

Changes in the axial orientation of the zygapophyseal joint in the subaxial cervical spine from childhood to middle-age, and the biomechanical implications of these changes.

Chen MY1, Liu YT1, Hsu WH2.
Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia.J Clin Neurosci.2017 Oct;44:335-339. doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2017.06.072. Epub 2017 Jul 24.
PMID 28750946

Degenerative changes of the sacroiliac auricular joint surface-validation of influential factors.

Nishi K1,2, Saiki K3, Imamura T3, Okamoto K3, Wakebe T3, Ogami K3, Hasegawa T4, Moriuchi T5, Sakamoto J6, Manabe Y7, Tsurumoto T3.
Anatomical science international.Anat Sci Int.2017 Sep;92(4):530-538. doi: 10.1007/s12565-016-0354-x. Epub 2016 Jun 24.
PMID 27343049

Japanese Journal

Degenerative changes of the sacroiliac auricular joint surface—validation of influential factors

Anatomical Science International 92(4), 530-538, 2017-09
NAID 120006325064

Characterization of Individuals with Sacroiliac Joint Bridging in a Skeletal Population: Analysis of Degenerative Changes in Spinal Vertebrae

BioMed Research International 2014, 1-9, 2014-09-08
NAID 120005477004

Low back disorders among athletes and its prevention

The journal of physical fitness and sports medicine : JPFSM 2(2), 185-190, 2013-05-25
NAID 10031159035

「椎間関節」

Zygapophysial joint
	A thoracic vertebra. The zygapophysial joint is the joint between the superior articular process (labeled at top) and the inferior articular process (labeled at bottom)
	Median sagittal section of two lumbar vertebrae and their ligaments
Latin	Articulationes zygapophysiales
MeSH	Zygapophyseal+joint