eye drop

• 点眼、点眼薬、点眼剤

関

artificial tear、collyria、eye dropper、instillation、ophthalmic solution

WordNet

1. a liquid that is instilled drop by drop
2. the introduction of a liquid (by pouring or injection) drop by drop (同)instillment, instilment
3. utter with seeming casualness; "drop a hint"; drop names"
4. a shape that is spherical and small; "he studied the shapes of low-viscosity drops"; "beads of sweat on his forehead" (同)bead, pearl
5. a small indefinite quantity (especially of a liquid); "he had a drop too much to drink"; "a drop of each sample was analyzed"; "there is not a drop of pity in that man"; "years afterward, they would pay the blood-money, driblet by driblet"--Kipling (同)drib, driblet
6. stop pursuing or acting; "drop a lawsuit"; "knock it off!" (同)knock off
7. fall or sink into a state of exhaustion or death; "shop til you drop"
8. give birth; used for animals; "The cow dropped her calf this morning"
9. a sudden sharp decrease in some quantity; "a drop of 57 points on the Dow Jones index"; "there was a drop in pressure in the pulmonary artery"; "a dip in prices"; "when that became known the price of their stock went into free fall" (同)dip, fall, free_fall
10. a central depository where things can be left or picked up
11. the act of dropping something; "they expected the drop would be successful"
12. a free and rapid descent by the force of gravity; "it was a miracle that he survived the drop from that height" (同)fall
13. a predetermined hiding place for the deposit and distribution of illicit goods (such as drugs or stolen property)
14. leave or unload; "unload the cargo"; "drop off the passengers at the hotel" (同)drop_off, set_down, put down, unload, discharge
15. change from one level to another; "She dropped into army jargon"
16. go down in value; "Stock prices dropped"
17. let fall to the ground; "Dont drop the dishes"
18. lose (a game); "The Giants dropped 11 of their first 13"
19. omit (a letter or syllable) in speaking or writing; " New Englanders drop their post-vocalic rs"
20. take (a drug, especially LSD), by mouth; "She dropped acid when she was a teenager"
21. terminate an association with; "drop him from the Republican ticket"
22. to fall vertically; "the bombs are dropping on enemy targets"
23. look at (同)eyeball
24. a small hole or loop (as in a needle); "the thread wouldnt go through the eye"
25. the organ of sight (同)oculus, optic
26. attention to what is seen; "he tried to catch her eye"
27. good discernment (either visually or as if visually); "she has an eye for fresh talent"; "he has an artists eye"
28. having an eye or eyes or eyelike feature especially as specified; often used in combination; "a peacocks eyed feathers"; "red-eyed"
29. the base of the natural system of logarithms; approximately equal to 2.718282...
30. opinion or judgment; "in the eyes of the law"; "I was wrong in her eyes"

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 点眼薬
2. 〈しずくが〉『したたる』,垂れる《+『down』》 / 〈物が〉『落ちる』,落下する《+『down』》 / 〈人が〉『ばったり倒れる』,崩れ落ちる / 『下落する』,減少する《+『off』(『away』)》 / 終わる,やめになる / 《副詞[句]を伴って》引き離される,落後する / (…から)手を引く,やめる《+『from』(『out of』)+『名』》 / (…に)ちょっと立ち寄る,(…を)ひょっこり訪ねる《+『in』(『by,over,round』)『at』(『on』)+『名』》 / …‘を'『したたらせる』,垂らす / (…へ)…‘を'『落とす』,落下させる《+『名』+『into』(『on』)+『名』》 / …‘を'降ろす,下げる / …‘を'減少させる / …‘を'漏らす,ふと口にする / 〈人〉に〈短い手紙・伝言〉‘を'送る / 《話》…‘を'なぐり倒す,撃ち落とす / 《話》《副詞[句]を伴って》〈人〉‘を'乗り物から降ろす / (…から)〈ある音・文字〉‘を'落とす,抜かす,省く《+『名』+『from』+『名』》 / 〈人〉‘と'関係を絶つ;〈問題など〉‘を'打ち切る / …‘を'やめさせる;(…から)…‘を'追い出す《+『名from』+『名』》 / (ばくちなどで)〈金〉‘を'なくす / 〈C〉(…の)『しずく』,したたり《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉(液体・事物の)少量,微量《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉あめ玉,ドロップ / 《a ~》落下,降下(fall);落下距離 / 《a ~》(…の)下落,減少《+『in』+『名』》 / 《複数形で》点滴薬 / 《話》《a ~》少量の酒 / 〈C〉《おもに米》(郵便箱などの)落とし口,差し入れ口
3. 〈C〉(人・動物の器官としての)『目』 / 〈C〉(まぶた・まつ毛・まゆ毛などを含めて,外側からみえる)『目』,目の周り / 〈C〉(目の)虹彩 / 〈C〉『視力』,視覚 / 〈C〉《単数形で》『視線』,まなざし / 〈C〉《しばしば複数形で》警戒(観察,監視)の目 / 〈C〉《通例単数形で》(…に対する)鑑識眼,物を見る目,(…を)見分ける力《+『for』+『名』》 / 〈C〉《しばしば複数形で》物の見方;観点 / 〈C〉目に似たようなもの(じゃがいもの芽・クジャクの羽の眼状の点など) / 〈C〉針の目,めど / 〈C〉(かぎ・ホックの)受け / 〈C〉台風の目 / (好奇・疑いなどの目で)…‘を'じろじろ見る,注意して見る

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/06/21 22:42:05」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

For the television show, see Eye Drops.

These eye drops are packaged for single use, without preservatives.

Eye drops are saline-containing drops used as an ocular route to administer. Depending on the condition being treated, they may contain steroids, antihistamines, sympathomimetics, beta receptor blockers, parasympathomimetics, parasympatholytics, prostaglandins, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), antibiotics, antifungal, or topical anesthetics. Eye drops sometimes do not have medications in them and are only lubricating and tear-replacing solutions.

Eye drops have less of a risk of side effects than do oral medicines, and such risk can be minimized by occluding the lacrimal punctum, (i.e. pressing on the inner corner of the eye) for a short while after instilling drops.

Shelf life

Pharmacists recommend disposal of most types of eyedrops after 28 days as they are only stable in solution for 28 days.

Types and uses

Different pharmacological classes of eye drops can be recognized by patients by their different colored tops. For instance the tops to dilating drops are a different color than anti-allergy drops.

Ophthalmic administration

Rinse eye drops

Eyes drops sometimes do not have medications in them and are only lubricating and tear-replacing solutions.

Drug administration

Dry eye treatment

There is a wide variety of artificial tear eye drops that provide different surface healing strategies. One can find bicarbonate ions, hypotonicity, viscosity, and non-preserved types. They all act differently and therefore, one should try different artificial tears to find the one that best works.

Steroid and antibiotic eye drops

Steroid and antibiotic eye drops are used to treat eye infections. They also have prophylactic properties and are used to prevent infections after eye surgeries. They should be used for the entire time prescribed without interruptions. The infection may relapse if the use of the medication is stopped.

Glaucoma eye drops

Eye drops used in managing glaucoma help the eye's fluid to drain better and decrease the amount of fluid made by the eye which decreases eye pressure. They are classified by their active ingredient and they include: prostaglandin analogs, beta blockers, alpha agonists, and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. There are also combination drugs available for those patients who require more than one type of medication.

Allergy eye relief eye drops

Some eye drops may contain histamine antagonists or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which suppress the optical mast cell responses to allergens including (but not limited to) aerosolized dust particles.

Pink eye or conjunctivitis eye drops

Antibiotic eye drops are prescribed when conjunctivitis is caused by bacteria but not when it is caused by a virus. In the case of allergic conjunctivitis, artificial tears can help dilute irritating allergens present in the tear film.

Mydriatic eye drops

These make the eye's pupil widen to maximum, to let an optician have the best view inside the eyeball behind the iris. Afterwards in sunny weather they can cause dazzling and photophobia until the effect of the mydriatic has worn off.

In Russia, Tropicamide, a mydriatic eye drop, is used to some degree as an inexpensive recreational drug. Like other anticholinergics, when taken recreationally, tropicamide acts as a deliriant. According to one reporter, when injected intravenously, as is most often the case, the drug often "brings on suicidal feelings."

Injection/ophthalmic drug administration

Syringe designed saline drops (e.g. Wallace Cameron Ultra Saline Minipod) are distributed in modern needle-exchange programmes as they can be used efficiently either by injection or ophthalmic (if the drug is potent in small doses) route of administer which is compared to intravenous use; By demonstration, the elimination of latanoprost acid from plasma is rapid (half-life 17 minutes) after either ophthalmic or intravenous administration.

Side effects

Man applying eye drops

Steroid and antibiotic eye drops may cause stinging for one or two minutes when first used and if stinging continues, medical advice should be sought. Also, one should tell their doctor if vision changes occur or if they experience persistent sore throat, fever, easy bleeding or bruising when using drops with chloramphenicol. Also, one should be aware of symptoms of an allergic reaction, such as: rash, itching, swelling, dizziness, and trouble breathing.

Prostaglandin analogs may cause changes in iris color and eyelid skin, growth of eyelashes, stinging, blurred vision, eye redness, itching, and burning. Beta blockers' side effects include low blood pressure, reduced pulse rate, fatigue, shortness of breath, and in rare occasions, reduced libido and depression. Alpha agonists can cause burning or stinging, fatigue, headache, drowsiness, dry mouth and nose, and also they have a higher likelihood of allergic reaction. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors may cause stinging, burning, and eye discomfort.

Lubricant eye drops may cause some side effects and one should consult a doctor if pain in the eye or changes in vision occur. Furthermore, when redness occurs but lasts more than 3 days, one should immediately consult a doctor.

Other uses

Eye droppers are also used in watercolor painting.

See also

• Carboxymethyl cellulose
• Tetrahydrozoline hydrochloride
• Mydriasis
• Refractive error
• Visine
• Artificial tears

References

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

• 1. ドライアイ dry eyes
• 2. 結膜炎 conjunctivitis
• 3. 眼の充血（red eye）の評価 evaluation of the red eye
• 4. 眼の待機手術に対する麻酔 anesthesia for elective eye surgery
• 5. レーザー屈折矯正手術 laser refractive surgery

English Journal

• Local application of tropicamide 0.5% reduces retinal capillary blood flow.

• Harazny JM, Schmieder RE, Welzenbach J, Michelson G.SourceOphthalmology Department Friedrich-Alexander University , Erlangen , Germany.
• Blood pressure.Blood Press.2013 Dec;22(6):371-6. doi: 10.3109/08037051.2013.782956. Epub 2013 Apr 18.
• Abstract Introduction. Scanning laser Doppler flowmetry (SLDF) plays an important role in the study of arterial hypertension, diabetes and stroke. The technology enables non-invasive measurement of the retinal capillary perfusion (RCF), retinal haemodynamics and arteriolar morphology in human. The v
• PMID 23597124

• Improved method of producing satisfactory sections of whole eyeball by routine histology.

• Benjamin AB, Ahenkorah J, Hottor BA, Dennis E, Frederick KA.SourceDepartment of Anatomy, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana; Department of Medical Laboratories, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Korle-Bu Campus, Accra, Ghana.
• Microscopy research and technique.Microsc Res Tech.2013 Nov 18. doi: 10.1002/jemt.22320. [Epub ahead of print]
• To overcome the loss of structural integrity when eyeball sections are prepared by wax embedding, we experimentally modified the routine histological procedure and report satisfactorily well-preserved antero-posterior sections of whole eyeballs for teaching/learning purposes. Presently histological
• PMID 24249388

• Effects of different mydriatics on intraocular pressure, pupil diameter, and ruminal and intestinal motility in healthy sheep.

• Ribeiro AP, Crivelaro RM, Teixeira PP, Trujillo DY, Guimarães PJ, Vicente WR, Martins BD, Laus JL.SourceCollege of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Av. Fernando Corra da Costa, n° 2367 Bairro Boa Esperança, 78060-900, Cuiab, MT, Brazil.
• Veterinary ophthalmology.Vet Ophthalmol.2013 Nov 18. doi: 10.1111/vop.12121. [Epub ahead of print]
• OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of the administration of subconjunctival 1% atropine (SA), topical 1% atropine (A), 0.5% tropicamide (T), 1% homatropine (H), 10% phenylephrine (P), and 2% ibopamine (I) on intraocular pressure (IOP), pupil diameter (PD), ruminal motility (RM) and intestinal motil
• PMID 24238072

Japanese Journal

• Cyclosporine Nanomicelle Eye Drop: A Novel Medication for Corneal Graft Transplantation Treatment

• Zhang Hongkui,Wang Ling,Zhang Longlu
• Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 38(6), 893-900, 2015
• … Corneal transplantation has been used to treat severe eye disease for decades, but the therapeutic effect of the operation is highly compromised by immunological allograft rejection. … To improve the success rate of corneal transplantation, we studied the protective effects of cyclosporine nanomicelle eye drops (CNED) on immune rejection after high-risk corneal transplantation and its underlying mechanisms. …
• NAID 130005072658

• 医療用緑内障点眼剤の開発変遷の分析

• 中田 雄一郎
• 薬剤学 75(1), 65-71, 2015
• … Since eye drops are a sterile preparation and are administered multiple times, their efficacy, safety, stability and preservation must be taken into consideration. … The pH (4-8) and osmotic pressure (0.6-1.6) were well controlled within a fixed range and some additives were compounded in the eye drops for the purpose of making the users feel more comfortable. … There has been no article to compare the eye drop formulations of glaucoma therapeutic agents for 45 years; …
• NAID 130005056800

• 緊張性瞳孔で偶然発見されたRoss症候群の1例

• 岡田 匡充,稲富 雄一郎,加藤 勇樹,軸丸 美香,大林 光念,米原 敏郎,安東 由喜雄
• 臨床神経学 55(3), 160-164, 2015
• 66歳，女性．めまいを主訴に受診した際に，緊張性瞳孔と四肢腱反射消失をみとめた．また10歳代より，熱不耐症や左半身の発汗低下を自覚していた．ピロカルピン点眼試験では両側縮瞳，温熱発汗試験では顔面と左胸部に発汗低下をみとめ，Ross症候群と診断した．アセチルコリン皮内注射では鎖骨下と臍周囲の左側で発汗が低下していた．胃電図では平均周波数の低下とbradygastriaの頻度上昇，皮膚血流検査では左上 …
• NAID 130004921324

Related Links

• Eye drop - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Eye drops are saline-containing drops used as an ocular route to administer. Depending on the condition being treated, they may contain steroids, antihistamines, sympathomimetics, beta receptor blockers, parasympathomimetics, ...

• Eye Drops - Which Eye Drops Are Best for You? - All About Vision

Dr. Dubow lists the best eye drops for dry eye, pink eye, red eyes and allergies, and shows how to use eye drops.

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「点眼」「点眼剤」「点眼液」「artificial tear」「collyria」
拡張検索	「eye dropper」
関連記事	「drop」「eye」

「点眼」

　　[★]

英

eye drop、instillation

関

滴下、点眼剤、点眼薬、滴下注入、点滴注入、点眼液、人工涙液

「点眼剤」

　　[★]

英

eye drop、instillation、eye dropper

関

滴下、点眼、点眼薬、滴下注入、点滴注入

「点眼液」

　　[★]

英

ophthalmic solution, eye drop, eye wash, collyrium

関

点眼、人工涙液

「artificial tear」

　　[★]

• 人工涙液

関

eye drop、ophthalmic solution

「collyria」

　　[★]

• n.

• 点眼薬

関

eye drop、instillation

「eye dropper」

　　[★]

• 点眼剤

関

eye drop、instillation

「drop」

　　[★]

• n.
• vt.
• vi.

• (液体が)したたる、ぼたぼた落ちる
• (物が)(急に、思いがけなく)落ちる(down)。(花が)散る。(人が)(車などから)ひらりと(飛び)降りる(off)。(正式)(川・丘などが)下る(down)
• (人が)(疲れて・傷ついて)急に倒れる。死ぬ。(意識的に)身を伏せる
• (程度・数量・価値などが)下がる(fall)、落ちる(away)。健康や病状が悪化する
• (事が)やめになる。(～から)手を引く、やめる(from)。(視界から)見えなくなる(out of, from)。(交通・話などが)とだえる(off)
• 急に(ある状態に)なる、陥る(into, to)
• (略式)ひょいと(～に)立ち寄る(in, by, over, round)(on, at, into)。(人に)偶然であう(in)(across, on, with)
• 落後(後退)する、遅れる(away, back, off, behind)
• (動物が)生まれる
• (猟犬が)獲物を見て伏せる
• (言葉・ため息などが)(～から)ふともれる(from)
• (水・空気の流れに沿って)穏やかに動く
• (トランプ)(ブリッジなどで)(特定の札が)出るはめになる、死ぬ
• (球技)(球が)ホール(ポケット、ゴール)に入る(転がり込む)
• 逮捕される

関

decline, decrease, depression, droplet, dropping, dropwise, fall, instill, instillation, lower, lowering, reduction

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「eye」

　　[★] 眼