WordNet

being or relating to or containing the essence of a plant etc; "essential oil"
absolutely necessary; vitally necessary; "essential tools and materials"; "funds essential to the completion of the project"; "an indispensable worker" (同)indispensable
basic and fundamental; "the essential feature"
use recreational drugs (同)do drugs
administer a drug to; "They drugged the kidnapped tourist" (同)dose
a substance that is used as a medicine or narcotic

PrepTutorEJDIC

『絶対必要な』,欠くことのできない / 『本質の』,本質的な / (植物・薬剤などの)エキスの,精の / (…に)不可欠の要素;(…の)主眼点,要点《+『of』+『名』》
『薬』,薬品,薬剤 / 『麻薬』,麻酔剤 / 〈人〉‘に'薬(特に麻酔剤)を与える / 〈飲食物〉‘に'(麻酔薬・毒薬などの)薬を混ぜる

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/02/08 08:44:34」(JST)

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2017 marks the 40s anniversary of the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines

Essential medicines, as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO), are the medicines that "satisfy the priority health care needs of the population".^[1] These are the medications to which people should have access at all times in sufficient amounts. The prices should be at generally affordable levels.^[2]

The WHO has published a model list of essential medicines. Each country is encouraged to prepare their own lists taking into consideration local priorities. Over 150 countries have published an official essential medicines list. The essential medicines list enables health authorities, especially in developing countries, to optimize pharmaceutical resources. The WHO List contains a core list and a complementary list.

The core list presents a list of minimum medicine needs for a basic health care system, listing the most efficacious, safe and cost-effective medicines for priority conditions. Priority conditions are selected on the basis of current and estimated future public health relevance, and potential for safe and cost-effective treatment.

The complementary list presents essential medicines for priority diseases, for which specialized diagnostic or monitoring facilities are needed. In case of doubt medicines may also be listed as complementary on the basis of higher costs or less attractive cost-effectiveness in a variety of settings. The list is important because: it forms the basis of national drugs policy in more than 155 countries, both in the developed and developing world. Many governments refer to WHO recommendations when making decisions on health spending.

Theory and practice

The definition of essential medicines has changed over time.

The original 1977 WHO definition was that they were medicines "of utmost importance, basic, indispensable, and necessary for the healthcare needs of the population".^[3] The concept was mentioned in one of the ten points of the 1978 Alma Ata Declaration on primary health care.

In 2002 definition was changed to:

Essential medicines are those that satisfy the priority health care needs of the population.^[4]

And this remains the current definition as of 2017.^[1]

Cost-to-benefit ratio

Cost effectiveness is the subject of debate between producers (pharmaceutical companies) and purchasers of drugs (national health services).

History

The WHO Model List of Essential Medicines has been updated every two years since 1977. The current version, the 19th, was published in 2015.^[5] The fifth edition of "WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children", was also published in 2015.^[6]

Number of medications

The number of medications has nearly doubled, from the original 208 in 1977 to more than 340.^[7] The range has increased over the years and now includes an antimigraine drug, antidotes, and antineoplastic drugs. The third list for children from 2011 contains 269 medications.^[8]

References

^ ^a ^b "Essential medicines". World Health Organization. Retrieved 20 January 2017.
^ "The Selection and Use of Essential Medicines (ss 4.2)". Essential Medicines and Health Products Information Portal. WHO Technical Report Series. WHO. 2003. p. 132.
^ "Action Programme on Essential Drugs" (pdf). Progress report by the Director - General. WHO. 26 Mar 1979. p. 1 point 2.
^ "Trade, foreign policy, diplomacy and health". Essential Medicines. WHO. Dec 6, 2010.
^ "19th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (April 2015)" (PDF). WHO. April 2015. Retrieved 19 December 2015.
^ "5th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children (April 2015)" (PDF). WHO. April 2015. Retrieved 19 December 2015.
^ "10 facts on essential medicines". February 2010. Retrieved 15 August 2015.
^ Bansal, D; Purohit, VK (January 2013). "Accessibility and use of essential medicines in health care: Current progress and challenges in India.". Journal of pharmacology & pharmacotherapeutics. 4 (1): 13–8. doi:10.4103/0976-500X.107642. PMID 23662019.

External links

"WHO Model Lists of Essential Medicines". WHO. Retrieved 2014-07-21.
"WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, 19th edition (April 2015)" (PDF). World Health Organization (WHO). August 2015. Retrieved 2016-03-10.
"WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children, third edition (March 2011)" (PDF). World Health Organization (WHO). March 2011. Retrieved 2011-07-03.

UpToDate Contents

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