WordNet

required as a prior condition or course of study
something that is required in advance; "Latin was a prerequisite for admission" (同)requirement
have or feel a need for; "always needing friends and money"
a condition requiring relief; "she satisfied his need for affection"; "God has no need of men to accomplish His work"; "there is a demand for jobs" (同)demand
anything that is necessary but lacking; "he had sufficient means to meet his simple needs"; "I tried to supply his wants" (同)want
being or involving basic facts or principles; "the fundamental laws of the universe"; "a fundamental incomatibility between them"; "these rudimentary truths"; "underlying principles" (同)rudimentary, underlying
the lowest tone of a harmonic series (同)fundamental_frequency, first harmonic
any factor that could be considered important to the understanding of a particular business; "fundamentals include a companys growth, revenues, earnings, management, and capital structure"
far-reaching and thoroughgoing in effect especially on the nature of something; "the fundamental revolution in human values that has occurred"; "the book underwent fundamental changes"; "committed the fundamental error of confusing spending with extravagance"; "profound social changes" (同)profound
being or relating to or containing the essence of a plant etc; "essential oil"
absolutely necessary; vitally necessary; "essential tools and materials"; "funds essential to the completion of the project"; "an indispensable worker" (同)indispensable
basic and fundamental; "the essential feature"
the condition of being essential or indispensable
anything indispensable; "food and shelter are necessities of life"; "the essentials of the good life"; "allow farmers to buy their requirements under favorable conditions"; "a place where the requisites of water fuel and fodder can be obtained" (同)essential, requirement, requisite, necessary
required by obligation or compulsion or convention; "he made all the obligatory apologies"
morally or legally constraining or binding; "attendance is obligatory"; "an obligatory contribution"

PrepTutorEJDIC

必須の,あらかじめ必要な,条件として必要な;(…に)必須の《+『for』(『to』)+『名』》 / (…の)前提条件,前もって必要なもの《+『for』(『to』,『of』)+『名』(do『ing』)》
〈U〉《時にa~》『必要』,入用 / 〈C〉《しばしば複数形で》『必要なもの』,(…の)必要品《+『for』+『名』》 / 〈C〉(…に対する)欲求,切望《+『for』+『名』》 / 〈U〉(…の)『困窮』,欠乏,不足《+『of』(『for』)+『名』》 / 〈U〉『困った時』(『事態』),まさかの時 / …‘を'必要とする,要する / 《疑問文・否定文,また疑問・否定の内容を表す文で》…『する必要がある』,しなければならない / 《need not have doneの形で》…する必要はなかったのに
『基本的な』,基礎の / 《補語にのみ用いて》(…に)絶対に必要な《『to』+『名』》 / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》本質的な / (…の)基本,根本,原理《+『of』+『名』》
『絶対必要な』,欠くことのできない / 『本質の』,本質的な / (植物・薬剤などの)エキスの,精の / (…に)不可欠の要素;(…の)主眼点,要点《+『of』+『名』》
〈U〉《時にa ~》『必要』,必要性;必然,当然のこと・必要品〈C〉《しばしば複数形で》(…に)『どうしても必要なもの』,(…の)必需品《+『of』(『for, to』)+『名』》 / 〈U〉(貧乏・不幸などによる)困窮,窮乏
(道徳上・法律上)義務のある,強制的な;(課目など)必修の;(・・・に)必須の《+『on』(『upon』)+『 / 名』》

UpToDate Contents

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1. 乳酸アシドーシスにおける重炭酸療法 bicarbonate therapy in lactic acidosis
2. 大動脈壁内血腫 aortic intramural hematoma
3. 気絶心筋または冬眠心筋の病態生理 pathophysiology of stunned or hibernating myocardium
4. 脚リエントリー性心室頻拍 bundle branch reentrant ventricular tachycardia
5. 頚椎性頭痛 cervicogenic headache

English Journal

Rapid detection and typing of live bacteria from human joint fluid samples by utilizing an integrated microfluidic system.

Chang WH1, Wang CH2, Lin CL1, Wu JJ3, Lee MS4, Lee GB5.
Biosensors & bioelectronics.Biosens Bioelectron.2015 Apr 15;66:148-54. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.11.006. Epub 2014 Nov 10.
Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is one of the most dreading complications that hinder the merits of an arthroplasty. A prerequisite for treatment of the above procedure is rapid detection of live bacteria to prevent its recurrence and proper choice of antibiotics. Conventional culture methods a
PMID 25460896

On the invariance of the Stimulant Craving Questionnaire (STCQ) across cocaine and methamphetamine users.

Northrup TF1, Green C2, Walker R3, Greer TL3, Trivedi MH3.
Addictive behaviors.Addict Behav.2015 Mar;42:144-7. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.11.020. Epub 2014 Nov 25.
BACKGROUND: The rapid rise in the number of methamphetamine users, relative to cocaine users, has brought the number of each to nearly equal levels, making research on similarities and differences across these groups a needed area of exploration. Craving is postulated to play a significant role in r
PMID 25462663

Development and validation of an HPLC method for the determination of alk(en)ylresorcinols using rapid ultrasound-assisted extraction of mango peels and rye grains.

Geerkens CH1, Matejka AE1, Carle R1, Schweiggert RM2.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2015 Feb 15;169:261-9. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.08.001. Epub 2014 Aug 10.
Exhaustive extraction of alk(en)ylresorcinols (ARs) from biological matrices is a prerequisite for economic screening of extensive plant collections including their rapid quantitation. For this purpose, an ultrasound-assisted extraction protocol was developed to facilitate the liberation of ARs from
PMID 25236225

Synthesis, characterization, DNA binding and in vitro antimicrobial studies of a novel tetra-substituted N-isopropyl-N-(4-ferrocenylphenyl)-N'-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N″-benzoylguanidine: Crystallographic structure and quantum chemical computations.

Rauf MK1, Gul R2, Rashid Z3, Badshah A4, Tahir MN5, Shahid M3, Khan A6.
Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy.Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc.2015 Feb 5;136 Pt B:1099-106. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.09.134. Epub 2014 Oct 22.
A novel tetra-substituted guanidine, N-isopropyl-N-(4-ferrocenylphenyl)-N'-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N″-benzoylguanidine (1), [(CH3)2CH)(C5H5FeC5H4C6H4)NC(NHCOC6H5)(NHC6H3(CH2CH3)2] has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, multinuclear ((1)H, (13)C) NMR spectroscopy, single c
PMID 25459507

Japanese Journal

障害者に対する「社会的雇用」の課題と展望 : 東アジア諸国における保護雇用の取り組みをとおして(<小特集>障害者雇用・就労における「合理的配慮」)

社会政策 7(1), 112-125, 2015-07-25
NAID 110009984513

Synergistic action of dendritic mitochondria and creatine kinase maintains ATP homeostasis and actin dynamics in growing neuronal dendrites.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 35(14), 5707-5723, 2015-04-08
NAID 120005593705

さらし台と個室の狭間で : ナサニエル・ホーソーンのメタフィクションの試み

アメリカ文学研究 (51), 5-21, 2015-03-31
NAID 110009969859

同盟と抑止 : 集団的自衛権議論の前提として (小特集集団的自衛権)

レファレンス 65(3), 9-23, 2015-03
NAID 40020399836

「need」

　　[★]

助詞(否定・疑問文で)

(英正式)～する必要がある
[need not have done](主に英)～する必要はなかったのに(実際にはした)
(英正式)[need not do]必ずしも～でない

furthermore, aneurysms need not always be present, and angiographic findings may be limited to stenotic segments and obliteration of vessels.(HIM.2125)(さらに、動脈瘤はいつも存在するわけでないし、血管造影所見は血管の狭窄や閉塞に限られるかもしれない。)