WordNet

freedom to act or judge on ones own
the trait of judging wisely and objectively; "a man of discernment" (同)discernment
knowing how to avoid embarrassment or distress; "the servants showed great tact and discretion" (同)discreetness, circumspection, prudence
warn strongly; put on guard (同)admonish, monish
the trait of being cautious; being attentive to possible danger; "a man of caution" (同)cautiousness, carefulness
a warning against certain acts; "a caveat against unfair practices" (同)caveat
judiciousness in avoiding harm or danger; "he exercised caution in opening the door"; "he handled the vase with care" (同)precaution, care, forethought
discretion in practical affairs
(especially of funds) not earmarked; available for use as needed; "discretionary funds"; "discretionary income"
having or using the ability to act or decide according to your own discretion or judgment; "The commission has discretionary power to award extra funds" (同)discretional
the trait of being injudicious (同)injudiciousness
a petty misdeed (同)peccadillo
a trust that gives the trustee discretion to pay the beneficiary as much of the trust income as the trustee believes appropriate
an investment trust that can buy only those securities listed when the trust was organized (同)fixed investment trust

PrepTutorEJDIC

『分別』,慎重さ(prudence) / (行動・選択などの)判断の自由;自由裁量
〈U〉『用心』,注意,慎重さ,用心深さ(prudence) / 〈C〉『警告』(『注意』)『の言葉』(『合図』,『しるし』) / …‘に'『警告する』,用心させる
用心深さ,慎重さ;思慮深さ,分別 / 倹約,つましさ
任意の,自由裁量の
〈U〉無分別,思慮のないこと,軽率;(情状酌量(しゃくりょう)の余地のある)不注意 / 〈C〉無分別な(軽率な)言動

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/07/16 00:59:29」(JST)

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Look up discretion in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Discretion, Tacuinum Sanitatis casanatensis (XIV secolo)

Discretion is a noun in the English language with several meanings revolving around the judgment of the person exercising the characteristic.

Meanings

"The Art of suiting action to particular circumstances" (Lord Scarman)
'the quality of being discreet' (Concise Oxford Dictionary)
The one who is going to decide.

Those in a position of power are most often able to exercise discretion as to how they will apply or exercise that power.

The ability to make decisions which represent a responsible choice and for which an understanding of what is lawful, right or wise may be presupposed. see Websters Third New International Dictionary (unabridged)

In law

Criminal

In the criminal justice system, police, prosecutors, judges, and the jury are often able to exercise a degree of discretion in deciding who will be subject to criminal penalties and how they will be punished. For example, the police officer may decide whom to formally arrest for an offense. For a traffic violation, a police officer may simply issue a warning. A prosecutor may choose to pursue the same or different charges against the person a police officer has arrested. Discretion gives the prosecutor the power to dismiss a case against an arrestee based on factors such as the probability of conviction, the nature of the offense, the characteristics of the offender, and availability of adequate civil remedies. Plea bargaining also plays a major role in determining charges.

Civil

In civil actions, judges and juries are also deemed to have discretion in the matter of damages. Judges also have discretion in the grant or denial of certain motions, e.g. a motion for a continuance.

Abuse of discretion

The exercise of discretion by judges is an inherent aspect of judicial independence under the doctrine of the separation of powers. The standard of review applied to appeals from decisions involving the exercise of judicial discretion is "abuse of discretion."

An abuse of discretion is a failure to take into proper consideration the facts and law relating to a particular matter; an arbitrary or unreasonable departure from precedent and settled judicial custom.^[1] On appeal of an exercise of judicial discretion, "abuse of discretion" is a standard of review requiring the appellate court to find that the lower court's decision would "shock the conscience" of a reasonable person in order to reverse the decision below.

Other contexts

The term often comes as part of "Viewer Discretion Is Advised" warning on TV shows before the show begins. In this context, VDA implies the show's content may not be suitable for some viewers; that is, too explicit.

References

^ http://answers.encyclopedia.com/question/definition-abuse-discretion-344834.html

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Discretion

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English Journal

Does the cost of care differ for patients with fee-for-service vs. capitation of payment? A case-control study in gastroenterology.

Slattery E, Clancy KX, Harewood GC, Murray FE, Patchett S.SourceDepartment of Gastroenterology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland, slattery.eoin@gmail.com.
Irish journal of medical science.Ir J Med Sci.2013 Dec;182(4):669-72. doi: 10.1007/s11845-013-0951-9. Epub 2013 Apr 19.
INTRODUCTION: There is growing evidence to demonstrate overuse of medical resources in fee for service (FFS) payment models (in which physicians are reimbursed according to volume of care provided) compared to capitation payment models (in which physicians receive a fixed salary regardless of level
PMID 23605087

Variation in Use of Left Ventriculography in the Veterans Affairs Health Care System.

Heidenreich PA, Lin S, Knowles JW, Perez M, Maddox TM, Ho MP, Rumsfeld JS, Sahay A, Massie BM, Tsai TT, Witteles RM.SourceVA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA.
Circulation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes.Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes.2013 Nov 5. [Epub ahead of print]
Background-Contrast left ventriculography is a method of measuring left ventricular function usually performed at the discretion of the invasive cardiologist during cardiac catheterization. We sought to determine variation in the use of left ventriculography in the Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Care
PMID 24192569

Consumer Choice in Health Insurance Exchanges: Can We Make It Work?

Nadash P, Day R.SourceUniversity of Massachusetts.
Journal of health politics, policy and law.J Health Polit Policy Law.2013 Nov 5. [Epub ahead of print]
Under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA), consumer choice plays a critical role: it drives the competitive market in health insurance plans that will operate through health insurance exchanges. As the 2014 deadline for establishing exchanges approaches, states face choices: they ca
PMID 24193610

Absence of jolt accentuation of headache cannot accurately rule out meningitis in adults.

Tamune H, Takeya H, Suzuki W, Tagashira Y, Kuki T, Nakamura M.SourceDepartment of Emergency Rescue, Tokyo Metropolitan Tama Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: tamune-tky@umin.ac.jp.
The American journal of emergency medicine.Am J Emerg Med.2013 Nov;31(11):1601-4. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2013.08.028. Epub 2013 Sep 23.
BACKGROUND: Meningitis is a common emergency disease. Signs and symptoms easily observed at the bedside are needed because early recognition of the possibility of meningitis is necessary for the decision to perform lumbar puncture. Jolt accentuation of headache has been reported to be the most sensi
PMID 24070978