diffuse brain injury

WordNet

1. any physical damage to the body caused by violence or accident or fracture etc. (同)hurt, harm, trauma
2. an act that causes someone or something to receive physical damage
3. wrongdoing that violates anothers rights and is unjustly inflicted
4. an accident that results in physical damage or hurt (同)accidental injury
5. spread out; not concentrated in one place; "a large diffuse organization"
6. move outward; "The soldiers fanned out" (同)spread, spread out, fan out
7. lacking conciseness; "a diffuse historical novel"
8. kill by smashing someones skull
9. mental ability; "hes got plenty of brains but no common sense" (同)brainpower, learning_ability, mental capacity, mentality, wit
10. that part of the central nervous system that includes all the higher nervous centers; enclosed within the skull; continuous with the spinal cord (同)encephalon
11. the brain of certain animals used as meat
12. hit on the head
13. (of light rays) subjected to scattering by reflection from a rough surface or transmission through a translucent material; "diffused light"
14. spreading by diffusion (同)diffusive, dispersive, disseminative

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 『負傷』,『損害』,損傷 / (名誉などを)傷つけること,侮辱《+『to』+『名』》
2. 〈光・熱・液体など〉‘を'散らす,放散する,拡散させる / 〈学問・知識など〉‘を'広める,普及させる / 散る,放散する,拡散する / 広まる,普及する / 広く散った,広がった / 〈文体などが〉締まりのない,散漫な
3. 『脳』,脳髄 / 《しばしば複数形で》『頭脳』,『知力』 / 《話》秀才,知的指導者 / …‘の'頭を打ち砕く

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/10/25 03:19:57」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

Focal and diffuse brain injury
Epidural hematoma, an example of a focal injury
Classification and external resources
ICD-10	S06.2, S06.3
MeSH	D001930

Focal and diffuse brain injury are ways to classify brain injury: focal injury occurs in a specific location, while diffuse injury occurs over a more widespread area. It is common for both focal and diffuse damage to occur as the result of the same event; many traumatic brain injuries have aspects of both focal and diffuse injury. Focal injuries are commonly associated with an injury in which the head strikes or is struck by an object; diffuse injuries are more often found in acceleration/deceleration injuries, in which the head does not necessarily contact anything, but brain tissue is damaged because tissue types with varying densities accelerate at different rates. In addition to physical trauma, other types of brain injury, such as stroke, can also produce focal and diffuse injuries. There may be primary and secondary brain injury processes.

Focal

A focal traumatic injury results from direct mechanical forces (such as occur when the head strikes a windshield in a vehicle accident) and is usually associated with brain tissue damage visible to the naked eye. A common cause of focal injury is penetrating head injury, in which the skull is perforated, as frequently occurs in auto accidents, blows, and gunshot wounds. Focal injuries typically have symptoms that are related to the damaged area of the brain. Stroke can produce focal damage that is associated with signs and symptoms that correspond to the part of the brain that was damaged. For example, if a speech center of the brain such as Broca's area is damaged, problems with speech are common.

Focal injuries include the following:

• Cerebral contusion is a bruise of brain tissue that commonly results from contact of the brain with the inside of the skull.
• Cerebral laceration is a brain injury in which the pia-arachnoid is torn.
• Epidural hemorrhage is bleeding between the dura mater and the skull. It is commonly associated with damage to the middle meningeal artery, often resulting from a skull fracture.
• Subdural hemorrhage is bleeding between the dura mater and the arachnoid.
• Intracerebral hemorrhage is bleeding within the brain tissue itself.
• Intraventricular hemorrhage is bleeding within the ventricles of the brain.

Diffuse

Diffuse injuries, also called multifocal injuries, include brain injury due to hypoxia, meningitis, and damage to blood vessels. Unlike focal injuries, which are usually easy to detect using imaging, diffuse injuries may be difficult to detect and define; often, much of the damage is microscopic. Diffuse injuries can result from acceleration/deceleration injuries. Rotational forces are a common cause of diffuse injuries; these forces are common in diffuse injuries such as concussion and diffuse axonal injury. The term "diffuse" has been called a misnomer, since injury is often actually multifocal, with multiple locations of injury.

Diffuse injuries include the following:

• Diffuse axonal injury is widespread damage to the white matter of the brain that usually results from acceleration/deceleration types of injury.
• Ischemic brain injury resulting from an insufficient blood supply to the brain, is one of the leading causes of secondary brain damage after head trauma.
• Vascular injury usually causes death shortly after an injury. Although it is diffuse type of brain injury itself, diffuse vascular injury is generally more likely to be caused by focal than diffuse injury.
• Swelling, commonly seen after TBI, can lead to dangerous increases in intracranial pressure. Though swelling itself is a diffuse type of injury, it can result from either focal or diffuse injury.

See also

• Focal neurologic deficit

References

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 外傷性脳損傷：疫学、分類、および病態生理 traumatic brain injury epidemiology classification and pathophysiology
• 2. 急性重度外傷性脳損傷のマネージメント management of acute severe traumatic brain injury
• 3. 小児における重度の外傷性脳損傷に対する初期アプローチ initial approach to severe traumatic brain injury in children
• 4. 小児における血液量減少性ショック：初期評価およびマネージメント hypovolemic shock in children initial evaluation and management
• 5. Syndesmotic ankle injury (high ankle sprain)

English Journal

• The effect of premorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder on neuropsychological functioning in individuals with acute mild traumatic brain injuries.

• Van Patten R1,2, Keith C1,2, Bertolin M1, Wright JD2.
• Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology.J Clin Exp Neuropsychol.2016 Feb;38(1):12-22. doi: 10.1080/13803395.2015.1091064. Epub 2015 Nov 20.
• INTRODUCTION: Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a frequent, yet undertreated condition that typically manifests with transient neurological and cognitive symptoms that resolve over the course of several weeks. In contrast, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental d
• PMID 26588804

• Microwave-accelerated bioassay technique for rapid and quantitative detection of biological and environmental samples.

• Mohammed M1, Syed MF1, Aslan K2.
• Biosensors & bioelectronics.Biosens Bioelectron.2016 Jan 15;75:420-6. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.08.061. Epub 2015 Aug 31.
• Quantitative detection of molecules of interest from biological and environmental samples in a rapid manner, particularly with a relevant concentration range, is imperative to the timely assessment of human diseases and environmental issues. In this work, we employed the microwave-accelerated bioass
• PMID 26356762

Japanese Journal

• 第112回日本精神神経学会学術総会 教育講演 精神科診療における高次脳機能障害の基本的理解

• 精神神経学雑誌 = Psychiatria et neurologia Japonica 119(7), 516-523, 2017
• NAID 40021282324

• Finite element analysis of the effectiveness of bicycle helmets in head impacts against roads

• Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering, 2017
• NAID 130005798599

• Disorder of Executive Function of the Brain after Head Injury and Mild Traumatic Brain Injury – Neuroimaging and Diagnostic Criteria for Implementation of Administrative Support in Japan

• Neurologia medico-chirurgica, 2017
• NAID 130005549357

Related Links

• Diffuse Axonal Injury | BrainAndSpinalCord.org

Diffuse axonal injury occurs in about half of all severe head traumas, making it one of the most common traumatic brain injuries. It can also occur in moderate and mild brain injury. A diffuse axonal injury falls under the category of a ...

• Diffuse Brain Injury and Concussion - The Pathological Side

Diffuse brain injury can exist in four principal forms, although only three of these forms involve patients who have any chance of survival. ... ADVERTISING MATERIAL Brought to you by The Brain Injury Law Group, SC. The materials ...

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「TBI」「brain trauma」「brain contusion」「acute brain injury」「cortical contusion」
関連記事	「injury」「diffuse」「brain」

「TBI」

　　[★]

• 外傷性脳損傷 traumatic brain injury
• 全身放射線照射法 total body irradiation

関

acute brain injury、brain contusion、brain injury、brain trauma、cortical contusion、diffuse brain injury、focal brain injury、traumatic brain injury、traumatic encephalopathy

「brain trauma」

　　[★]

• 頭部外傷

関

acute brain injury、brain contusion、brain injury、cortical contusion、diffuse brain injury、focal brain injury、head injury、head trauma、TBI、traumatic brain injury、traumatic encephalopathy

「brain contusion」

　　[★] 脳挫傷

関

acute brain injury、brain injury、brain trauma、cerebral contusion、cortical contusion、diffuse brain injury、focal brain injury、TBI、traumatic brain injury、traumatic encephalopathy

「acute brain injury」

　　[★]

急性脳損傷

関

brain contusion、brain injury、brain trauma、cortical contusion、diffuse brain injury、focal brain injury、TBI、traumatic brain injury、traumatic encephalopathy

「cortical contusion」

　　[★]

皮質挫傷

関

acute brain injury、brain contusion、brain injury、brain trauma、diffuse brain injury、focal brain injury、TBI、traumatic brain injury、traumatic encephalopathy

「injury」

　　[★]

• n.

• 傷害、損傷、外傷、受傷
• wound or trauma; harm or hurt; usually applied to damage inflicted on the body by an external force.

関

damage、injure、insult、lesion、spoilage、trauma、traumatic、traumatic injury、wound

　 　 　 　 　

「diffuse」

　　[★]

• vt.

• (気体・液体など)を放散する

• vi.
• adj.

• 広汎性の、びまん性の

関

diffusely、diffusion、diffusional、diffusive、disseminated、pervasive、spread、widespread

　 　 　 　

「brain」

　　[★] 脳