WordNet
- (medicine) the invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms and their multiplication which can lead to tissue damage and disease
- (phonetics) the alteration of a speech sound under the influence of a neighboring sound
- the pathological state resulting from the invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms
- (international law) illegality that taints or contaminates a ship or cargo rendering it liable to seizure
- moral corruption or contamination; "ambitious men are led astray by an infection that is almost unavoidable"
- an incident in which an infectious disease is transmitted (同)contagion, transmission
- major food fish of Arctic and cold-temperate waters (同)codfish
- lean white flesh of important North Atlantic food fish; usually baked or poached (同)codfish
- lettuce with long dark-green leaves in a loosely packed elongated head (同)cos_lettuce, romaine, romaine lettuce
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 〈U〉(病気の)伝染;感染 / 〈C〉伝染病
- =codfish 1
- 〈人〉'を'ばかにする
- cosine
- =because
- Colorado
- cobaltの化学記号
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/03/19 13:26:00」(JST)
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- 1. 小児におけるメチシリン耐性黄色ブドウ球菌感染の疫学および臨床的な感染形式 epidemiology and clinical spectrum of methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus infections in children
- 2. 肺症状を伴うHIV感染患者に対するアプローチ approach to the hiv infected patient with pulmonary symptoms
- 3. 妊娠中のサイトメガロウイルス感染 cytomegalovirus infection in pregnancy
- 4. 新生児、幼児、小児および思春期におけるサイトメガロウイルス感染および疾患 cytomegalovirus infection and disease in newborns infants children and adolescents
- 5. 心臓埋め込み型電気デバイスの感染 infections involving cardiac implantable electronic devices
English Journal
- Polymeric microparticles-based formulation for the eradication of cutaneous candidiasis: development and characterization.
- Kumar L, Verma S, Jamwal S, Vaidya S, Vaidya B.Author information Department of Pharmaceutics .AbstractCutaneous candidiasis is a common topical fungal infection which may be more prominent in patients associated with AIDS. It is usually treated by conventional formulations such as cream, gel, which show various adverse effects on skin along with systemic absorption. To overcome these drawbacks, various novel drug delivery systems have been explored. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-based microparticulate systems have shown good dermal penetration after topical application. Therefore, in the present study clotrimazole-loaded PLGA microspheres were prepared for targeted dermal delivery. Microspheres were prepared by using a single emulsification (oil-in-water, O/W) evaporation technique and characterized for different parameters. Prepared microparticulate systems were dispersed in Carbopol 934® gel and antifungal activity was carried out on experimentally induced cutaneous candidiasis in immunosuppressed guinea pigs. Particle size of optimized formulation was 2.9 µm along with 74.85% entrapment of drug. Skin retention studies revealed that drug accumulation in the skin was higher with microspheres gel as compared to marketed gel. Confocal microscopy of skin further confirmed penetration of microspheres up to 50 µm into the dermal region. In-vivo antifungal activity studies demonstrated that microsphere gel showed better therapeutic activity, lowest number of cfu/ml was recorded, as compared to marketed gel after 96 h of application. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that PLGA microparticles may be promising carriers to deliver clotrimazole intradermally for the treatment of invasive fungal infections.
- Pharmaceutical development and technology.Pharm Dev Technol.2014 May;19(3):318-25. doi: 10.3109/10837450.2013.778874. Epub 2013 Apr 8.
- Cutaneous candidiasis is a common topical fungal infection which may be more prominent in patients associated with AIDS. It is usually treated by conventional formulations such as cream, gel, which show various adverse effects on skin along with systemic absorption. To overcome these drawbacks, vari
- PMID 23560821
- Bovine CLEC7A genetic variants and their association with seropositivity in Johne's disease ELISA.
- Pant SD1, Verschoor CP1, Schenkel FS1, You Q1, Kelton DF2, Karrow NA3.Author information 1Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.2Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.3Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada. Electronic address: nkarrow@uoguelph.ca.AbstractMycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) infection in cattle causes significant economic losses to the dairy and beef industries resulting from reduced productivity, premature culling and mortality. Bovine Dectin-1, an important pattern recognition molecule that is able to generate a proinflammatory response by acting alongside Toll like receptor (TLR) signaling, is known to co-operate with TLR2 to specifically activate a macrophage proinflammatory response against mycobacterial infections. Therefore, the goal of this study was to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the gene encoding bovine Dectin-1 (CLEC7A) and to assess their association with susceptibility to MAP infection in dairy cattle. Blood and milk samples, collected from commercial dairy operations, were tested for MAP infection using blood and milk ELISAs and a resource population consisting of 197 infected and 242 healthy cattle was constructed. Pooled DNA was used for sequencing and eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified. Identified SNPs were genotyped on the resource population using the iPLEX MassARRAY system and statistical analysis was performed using logistic regression fitting the additive and dominance effects of each SNP in the model. Out of a total of eight identified SNPs, five were successfully genotyped, and three out of these five SNPs were found to be in complete linkage. Statistical analysis revealed a strong association between a non-synonymous SNP c.589A>G (p=0.008), and MAP infection status of the resource population inferred by seropositivity in MAP antibody specific ELISAs. This SNP c.589A>G was located in the geneic region that encodes the carbohydrate recognition domain of bovine Dectin-1. Therefore, further investigation of its functional relevance is warranted.
- Gene.Gene.2014 Mar 10;537(2):302-7. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.12.020. Epub 2014 Jan 3.
- Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) infection in cattle causes significant economic losses to the dairy and beef industries resulting from reduced productivity, premature culling and mortality. Bovine Dectin-1, an important pattern recognition molecule that is able to generate a proinfla
- PMID 24393710
- De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis in the oomycete plant pathogen Phytophthora infestans.
- García-Bayona L1, Garavito MF1, Lozano GL2, Vasquez JJ1, Myers K3, Fry WE3, Bernal A4, Zimmermann BH2, Restrepo S5.Author information 1Laboratory of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 # 18-10, Edificio J-205, Bogotá DC, Colombia; Grupo de Investigaciones en Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Parásitos, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 # 18-10, Edificio M-301, Bogotá DC, Colombia.2Grupo de Investigaciones en Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Parásitos, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 # 18-10, Edificio M-301, Bogotá DC, Colombia.3Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.4Laboratory of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 # 18-10, Edificio J-205, Bogotá DC, Colombia.5Laboratory of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 # 18-10, Edificio J-205, Bogotá DC, Colombia. Electronic address: srestrep@uniandes.edu.co.AbstractThe oomycete Phytophthora infestans, causal agent of the tomato and potato late blight, generates important economic and environmental losses worldwide. As current control strategies are becoming less effective, there is a need for studies on oomycete metabolism to help identify promising and more effective targets for chemical control. The pyrimidine pathways are attractive metabolic targets to combat tumors, virus and parasitic diseases but have not yet been studied in Phytophthora. Pyrimidines are involved in several critical cellular processes and play structural, metabolic and regulatory functions. Here, we used genomic and transcriptomic information to survey the pyrimidine metabolism during the P. infestans life cycle. After assessing the putative gene machinery for pyrimidine salvage and de novo synthesis, we inferred genealogies for each enzymatic domain in the latter pathway, which displayed a mosaic origin. The last two enzymes of the pathway, orotate phosphoribosyltransferase and orotidine-5-monophosphate decarboxylase, are fused in a multi-domain enzyme and are duplicated in some P. infestans strains. Two splice variants of the third gene (dihydroorotase) were identified, one of them encoding a premature stop codon generating a non-functional truncated protein. Relative expression profiles of pyrimidine biosynthesis genes were evaluated by qRT-PCR during infection in Solanum phureja. The third and fifth genes involved in this pathway showed high up-regulation during biotrophic stages and down-regulation during necrotrophy, whereas the uracil phosphoribosyl transferase gene involved in pyrimidine salvage showed the inverse behavior. These findings suggest the importance of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis during the fast replicative early infection stages and highlight the dynamics of the metabolism associated with the hemibiotrophic life style of pathogen.
- Gene.Gene.2014 Mar 10;537(2):312-21. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.12.009. Epub 2013 Dec 18.
- The oomycete Phytophthora infestans, causal agent of the tomato and potato late blight, generates important economic and environmental losses worldwide. As current control strategies are becoming less effective, there is a need for studies on oomycete metabolism to help identify promising and more e
- PMID 24361203
Japanese Journal
- Persistence of chicken anemia virus antigen and inclusions in spontaneous cases of Marek's disease visceral lymphomas in broiler chickens at slaughter houses
- Journal of Veterinary Medical Science advpub(0), 2016
- NAID 130005126341
- Prevalence and phylogenetic analysis of canine kobuviruses in diarrhoetic dogs in northeast China
- Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 78(1), 7-11, 2016
- NAID 130005121582
- Oseltamivir Expands Quasispecies of Influenza Virus through Cell-to-cell Transmission
- Scientific reports 5, 9163, 2015-03
- NAID 120005604001
Related Links
- In parasitology, coinfection is the simultaneous infection of a host by multiple pathogen species. In virology, coinfection includes simultaneous infection of a single cell by two or more virus particles. An example is the coinfection of liver cells ...
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★リンクテーブル★
| リンク元 | 「coinfection」「同時感染」「coinfected」「co-infected」「混合感染」 |
| 関連記事 | 「infection」「CO」「cod」「Co」「c」 |
「coinfection」
「同時感染」
「coinfected」
- 同時感染した
「co-infected」
- 同時感染した
「混合感染」
「infection」
- n.
「CO」
「cod」