WordNet

a method of tending to or managing the affairs of a some group of people (especially the groups business affairs) (同)disposal
the act of administering medication (同)giving medication
the act of meting out justice according to the law (同)judicature
the persons (or committees or departments etc.) who make up a body for the purpose of administering something; "he claims that the present administration is corrupt"; "the governance of an association is responsible to its members"; "he quickly became rec (同)governance, governing body, establishment, brass, organization, organisation
major food fish of Arctic and cold-temperate waters (同)codfish
lean white flesh of important North Atlantic food fish; usually baked or poached (同)codfish
lettuce with long dark-green leaves in a loosely packed elongated head (同)cos_lettuce, romaine, romaine lettuce

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉『行政』,統治 / 〈U〉『管理』,経営 / 〈C〉行政機関(省,庁,局など);《the A-》《米》連邦政府(《英》the Government) / 《総称して》(大学・団体などの)管理者側,当局者,教務部 / 〈U〉(裁き・処罰・法冷・儀式などの)執行,施行
=codfish 1
〈人〉'を'ばかにする
cosine
=because
Colorado
cobaltの化学記号

UpToDate Contents

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1. 一酸化炭素中毒 carbon monoxide poisoning
2. 不安障害および物質使用障害を併発した場合の治療 treatment of co occurring anxiety disorders and substance use disorders
3. 不安障害および物質使用障害の併発：疫学、臨床症状、および診断 co occurring anxiety disorders and substance use disorders epidemiology clinical manifestations and diagnosis
4. 統合失調症と物質使用障害の併発に対する治療 treatment of co occurring schizophrenia and substance use disorder
5. 一酸化炭素拡散能 diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide

English Journal

In vitro toxicity assessment of silver nanoparticles in the presence of phenolic compounds - preventive agents against the harmful effect?

Martirosyan A, Bazes A, Schneider YJ.Author information Institute of Life Sciences & UCLouvain, Laboratory of Cellular, Nutritional and Toxicological Biochemistry , Louvain-la-Neuve , Belgium.AbstractAbstract The increasing commercial use of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) will inevitably lead to elevated silver exposure and thus to potential human health complications. In this study the acute toxicity of Ag-NPs <20 nm alone and upon co-administration with food matrix component phenolic compounds (PCs) on the cell-based models of the gastrointestinal tract was investigated. An improved co-culture model of Caco-2 and RajiB cells was applied for more precise in vitro simulation of the gastrointestinal tract. The involvement of two major factors contributing to the toxicity of Ag-NPs, i.e. the release of Ag(+) and the induction of oxidative stress, was investigated. Ag-NPs were cytotoxic for Caco-2 cells with an EC50 of ca. 40 µg/ml. Ag-NPs led to oxidative stress starting from ca. 45 µg/ml. The epithelial barrier integrity disruption by Ag-NPs on Caco-2 cell mono- and co-cultures was established by decreased transepithelial electrical resistances and increased passages of Lucifer Yellow, a paracellular marker. Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that Ag-NPs affect occludin and zonula occludens 1 distributions, suggesting the opening of tight junctions. Ag(+), corresponding to the release from Ag-NPs, demonstrated a partial contribution in the toxic parameters, induced by Ag-NPs. Two PCs, quercetin and kaempferol, partially protected the Caco-2 cells from Ag-NP-induced toxicity and maintained the epithelial barrier integrity, disrupted by NPs. No protective effect was observed for resveratrol. The protective effect could be beneficial and decrease the potential toxicity of ingested Ag-NPs. However, the precise mechanisms of barrier-integrity-destabilising action of Ag-NPs/Ag(+) and protective effect of PCs still require further elucidation.
Nanotoxicology.Nanotoxicology.2014 Aug;8:573-82. doi: 10.3109/17435390.2013.812258. Epub 2013 Jun 27.
Abstract The increasing commercial use of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) will inevitably lead to elevated silver exposure and thus to potential human health complications. In this study the acute toxicity of Ag-NPs <20 nm alone and upon co-administration with food matrix component phenolic compoun
PMID 23738887

The effect of autophagy inhibitors on drug delivery using biodegradable polymer nanoparticles in cancer treatment.

Zhang X1, Dong Y1, Zeng X1, Liang X2, Li X1, Tao W1, Chen H1, Jiang Y1, Mei L3, Feng SS4.Author information 1School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; The Ministry-Province Jointly Constructed Base for State Key Lab - Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, The Shenzhen Key Lab of Gene and Antibody Therapy, and Division of Life and Health Sciences, Tsinghua University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.2Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, China.3School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; The Ministry-Province Jointly Constructed Base for State Key Lab - Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, The Shenzhen Key Lab of Gene and Antibody Therapy, and Division of Life and Health Sciences, Tsinghua University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China. Electronic address: mei.lin@sz.tsinghua.edu.cn.4School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; The Ministry-Province Jointly Constructed Base for State Key Lab - Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, The Shenzhen Key Lab of Gene and Antibody Therapy, and Division of Life and Health Sciences, Tsinghua University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China; Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block E5, 02-11, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117576, Singapore. Electronic address: chefss@nus.edu.sg.AbstractNanoparticles of biodegradable polymers (NPs) have been widely used for drug delivery. However, there has been little research on their fate after internalized into the cells. We show in this research by using docetaxel as a model anticancer drug, which is formulated in the cholic acid conjugated nanoparticles of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA NPs) that the NPs induce autophagy of the cancer cells and thus may hinder the advantages of the nanomedicine. Moreover, we show both in vitro and in vivo that co-administration of autophagy inhibitors such as 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and Chloroquine (CQ) could greatly enhance the therapeutic effects of the nanoparticle formulation. The IC50 values of the drug formulated in the PLGA NPs after 24 h treatment with no autophagy inhibitor or in combination with 10 mm 3-MA or 30 μm CQ are 38.27 ± 1.23, 6.7 ± 1.05, 4.78 ± 1.75 μg/mL, which implie 5.7 or 8,0 fold efficient by the autophagy inhibition respectively. Moreover, both the volume and the weight of the shrunk tumor of the mice after 20 day treatment with the PLGA NPs formulation combined with 3-MA or CQ are found to be only about a half in comparison with the treatment with the PLGA NPs formulation alone. In this research, we reported such a new mechanism of cancer cells to have PLGA NPs captured and degraded by auto-lysosomes. The findings provide advanced knowledge for development of nanomedicine for clinical application.
Biomaterials.Biomaterials.2014 Feb;35(6):1932-43. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.10.034. Epub 2013 Dec 6.
Nanoparticles of biodegradable polymers (NPs) have been widely used for drug delivery. However, there has been little research on their fate after internalized into the cells. We show in this research by using docetaxel as a model anticancer drug, which is formulated in the cholic acid conjugated na
PMID 24315578

Induction of mesenchymal stem cell chondrogenesis through sequential administration of growth factors within specific temporal windows.

Handorf AM, Li WJ.Author information Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.AbstractHuman mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are capable of differentiating into chondrocyte-like cells but fail to produce the quality or quantity of cartilage matrix compared to articular chondrocytes using current differentiation protocols. In this study, we aim to improve the chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs through the sequential administration of multiple growth factors (GFs). We began by looking at differentiating hMSCs' cell surface GF receptor expression every 3 days throughout differentiation using flow cytometry and found that not only was receptor expression dynamic throughout differentiation, but ligand sensitivity was positively correlated with receptor expression, suggesting that differentiating hMSCs may have varying GF requirements depending on their stage of differentiation. We then constructed GF sequences by administering several prochondrogenic GFs singly every 3 days throughout differentiation and assaying the expression of a variety of cartilage-related genes using qPCR. The resulting chondrocytic phenotype of sequentially induced hMSCs was then compared to that of hMSCs induced under standard culture conditions using qPCR, dimethylmethylene blue assay, and histology. We found that while the initial GF sequence was unable to improve hMSC chondrogenesis, withdrawal of GF treatment at Day 9 of differentiation in pellet culture vastly improved the success of differentiation beyond that induced by TGFβ1 alone. Additional modifications allowed us to further improve chondrogenesis to levels comparable to that obtained by co-administration of TGFβ1 and BMP7 throughout differentiation. Taken together, we demonstrated the ability to improve the chondrocytic phenotype of differentiated hMSCs through the sequential administration of multiple GFs.
Journal of cellular physiology.J Cell Physiol.2014 Feb;229(2):162-71. doi: 10.1002/jcp.24428.
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are capable of differentiating into chondrocyte-like cells but fail to produce the quality or quantity of cartilage matrix compared to articular chondrocytes using current differentiation protocols. In this study, we aim to improve the chondrogenic differentiatio
PMID 23996894

Japanese Journal

糖尿病治療薬の相互作用の留意点 (特集糖尿病治療薬update : 適正な血糖管理を目指して) -- (糖尿病治療薬の薬効と適応基準)

晴田佑介,西原茂樹,千堂年昭
日本臨床 73(3), 474-478, 2015-03
NAID 40020367253

Combined treatment with dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitor sitagliptin and elemental diets reduced indomethacin-induced intestinal injury in rats via the increase of mucosal glucagon-like peptide-2 concentration

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Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition advpub(0), 2015
… Mucosal DPP activity and GLP concentrations were measured after administration of the DPP4 inhibitor sitagliptin (STG). … The reduction of ulcers by ED and STG was reversed by co-administration of the GLP-2 receptor antagonist. …
NAID 130004879390

Combined treatment with dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitor sitagliptin and elemental diets reduced indomethacin-induced intestinal injury in rats via the increase of mucosal glucagon-like peptide-2 concentration

, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition 56(2), 155-162, 2015
… Mucosal DPP activity and GLP concentrations were measured after administration of the DPP4 inhibitor sitagliptin (STG). … The reduction of ulcers by ED and STG was reversed by co-administration of the GLP-2 receptor antagonist. …
NAID 130004879376

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Forsyth Co Tax Administration Consistency of Co-Administration Studies The AT2220-ERT Co-Administration Study is The Ottawa Co. Administration Building at Co-administration of live measles and Administration & Client Databases Lancaster Co. Administration Building

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「coapply」「co-apply」「coadminister」「co-administer」「同時投与」
関連記事	「administration」「CO」「cod」「Co」「c」