WordNet

provide (a city) with a canal (同)canalize, canalise
long and narrow strip of water made for boats or for irrigation
(astronomy) an indistinct surface feature of Mars once thought to be a system of channels; they are now believed to be an optical illusion
of or related to the anus; "anal thermometer"
a stage in psychosexual development when the childs interest is concentrated on the anal region; fixation at this stage is said to result in orderliness, meanness, stubbornness, compulsiveness, etc. (同)anal retentive

PrepTutorEJDIC

『運河』 / (食道・気菅などの)導菅 / (火星の苗面に見える)運河状の地形
肛門(こうもん)(anus)の

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/12/08 13:24:10」(JST)

wiki en

The anal canal is the terminal part of the large intestine.^[1] It is situated between the rectum and anus,^[2] below the level of the pelvic diaphragm. It lies in the anal triangle of perineum in between the right and left ischioanal fossa.

The anal canal is divided into three parts. The zona columnaris is the upper half of the canal and is lined by simple columnar epithelium. The lower half of the anal canal, below the pectinate line, is divided into two zones separated by Hilton's white line. The two parts are the zona hemorrhagica and zona cutanea, lined by stratified squamous non-keratinized and stratified squamous keratinized, respectively.

In humans it is approximately 2.5 to 4 cm long, extending from the anorectal junction to the anus. It is directed downwards and backwards. It is surrounded by inner involuntary and outer voluntary sphincters which keep the lumen closed in the form of an anteroposterior slit.

It is differentiated from the rectum by the transition of the internal surface from endodermal to skinlike ectodermal tissue.

Structure

The anal canal is divided into two unequal sections, upper and lower.

The upper 2/3 has longitudinal folds or elevations of tunica mucosa. Its mucosa is lined by simple columnar epithelium. Its lower ends are joined together by folds of mucous membrane called anal valves. The upper 2/3 of the anal canal is supplied by the superior rectal artery which is a branch of the inferior mesenteric artery.
The lower 1/3 of the anal canal is lined by stratified squamous epithelium that blends with the skin. The lower third of the anal canal is supplied by the inferior rectal artery which is a branch of the internal pudendal artery.

A whitish line called Hilton's white line or pecten of Robert Austin Stroud indicates the junction between keratinized stratified squamous epithelium and unkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium.

The anal verge is the distal end of the anal canal, forming a transitional zone between the epithelium of the anal canal and the perianal skin. It should not be confused with the "pectinate line".

Relations

The ischioanal fossa lies on each side of the anal canal.
The perianal space surrounds the anal canal below the white line.
The submucous space of the canal lies above the white line between the mucous membrane and internal anal sphincter muscle.

Additional images

Anatomy of the anus and rectum
Left levator ani from within.
The interior of the anal canal and lower part of the rectum.
Median sagittal section of male pelvis.
Median sagittal section of female pelvis.

References

^ Anal Canal at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
^ "anal canal" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary

External links

pelvis at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University)
Anatomy figure: 44:05-00 at Human Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center — "The rectum and anal canal in the male pelvis"

English Journal

Dosimetric comparison of IMRT rectal and anal canal plans generated using an anterior dose avoidance structure.

Leicher B1, Day E2, Colonias A3, Gayou O3.
Medical dosimetry : official journal of the American Association of Medical Dosimetrists.Med Dosim.2014 Autumn;39(3):272-5. doi: 10.1016/j.meddos.2014.05.001. Epub 2014 Jun 7.
To describe a dosimetric method using an anterior dose avoidance structure (ADAS) during the treatment planning process for intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for patients with anal canal and rectal carcinomas. A total of 20 patients were planned on the Elekta/CMS XiO treatment planning sy
PMID 24913467

Effects of stimulation frequency and intensity in sacral neuromodulation on anorectal inputs to the somatosensory cortex in an experimental model.

Evers J1, Devane L, Carrington EV, Scott SM, Knowles CH, O'Connell PR, Jones JF.
The British journal of surgery.Br J Surg.2014 Sep;101(10):1317-28. doi: 10.1002/bjs.9587. Epub 2014 Jul 28.
INTRODUCTION: Although sacral neuromodulation (SNM) is an established treatment for faecal incontinence, stimulation parameters have been derived empirically and only one frequency (14 Hz) is employed clinically. The aim of this study was to test a range of stimulation frequencies to establish an
PMID 25069873

Modified H-pouch as an alternative to the J-pouch for anorectal reconstruction.

Farinella E1, Buggenhout A, Van de Stadt J.
Colorectal disease : the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland.Colorectal Dis.2014 Sep;16(9):O332-4. doi: 10.1111/codi.12701.
AIM: A modification is described of the J-pouch to facilitate ileoanal anastomosis in the presence of an anal or anovaginal fistula.METHOD: The bowel is divided at the level of the apex of the J-pouch, the distal limb is advanced to project beyond the proximal limb by 3-5 cm. The pouch is construct
PMID 24980779

「肛門管」

Anal canal
	Image of the anus affected by hemorrhoids
	Coronal section through the anal canal. B. Cavity of urinary bladder V.D. Ductus deferens. S.V. Seminal vesicle. R. Second part of rectum. A.C. Anal canal. L.A. Levator ani. I.S. Sphincter ani internus. E.S. Sphincter ani externus.
Details
Precursor	Hindgut, proctodeum
Artery	superior rectal artery (above pectinate line) and inferior rectal artery (below line)
Vein	superior rectal vein (above pectinate line) and inferior rectal vein (below line)
Nerve	autonomic inferior hypogastric plexus (above pectinate line) and somatic inferior rectal nerves (below line)
Lymph	Superficial inguinal lymph node (below pectinate line) and internal iliac lymph nodes (above line)
Identifiers
Latin	Canalis analis
MeSH	A03.556.124.526.070
TA	A05.7.05.001
FMA	15703
	Anatomical terminology [edit on Wikidata]