WordNet

the quantity contained in a can (同)canful
preserve in a can or tin; "tinned foods are not very tasty" (同)tin, put_up
airtight sealed metal container for food or drink or paint etc. (同)tin, tin_can
a buoy with a round bottom and conical top (同)can buoy
provide (a city) with a canal (同)canalize, canalise
long and narrow strip of water made for boats or for irrigation
(astronomy) an indistinct surface feature of Mars once thought to be a system of channels; they are now believed to be an optical illusion

PrepTutorEJDIC

《能力》『…することができる』　《可能性・推量》　《平叙文で》『…であり得る』　し得る,かもしれない　《否定文で》…のはずがない,ではあり得ない　《疑問文で》いったい…だろうか　《話》《許可・軽い命令》『…してもよい』　…してあげよう;《疑問文で》…してくれませんか
『かん』(取っ手・ふた・口のついた金属・プラスチック製容器・コップなど) / 《米》(かん詰めの)『かん』,かん詰め(《英》 tin) / かん1杯(の…)《+『of』+『名』》 / …'を'かん詰めにする(また《英》『tin』) / 《米俗》…'を'くびにする
canceled / cancellation / canon / canto
《所有・所属》…『の』,…のものである,…に属する・《材料・要素》…『でできた』,から成る・《部分》…『の』[『中の』] ・《数量・単位・種類を表す名詞に付いて》…の・《原因・動機》…『で』,のために(because of) ・《主格関係》…『の』,による,によって・《目的格関係》…『を』,の・《同格関係》…『という』・《関係・関連》…『についての』[『の』],の点で・《抽象名詞などと共に》…の[性質をもつ] ・《『It is』+『形』+『of』+『名』+『to』 doの形で,ofの後の名詞を意味上の主語として》・《分離》…『から』・《起原・出所》…『から』[『の』](out of) ・《『名』+『of』+『a』(『an』)+『名』の形で》…のような・《『名』+『of』+『mine』(『yours, his』など独立所有格)の形で》…の…・《時》(1)《副詞句を作って》…に《形容詞句を作って》…の・《時刻》《米》…前(to,《米》before)
『運河』 / (食道・気菅などの)導菅 / (火星の苗面に見える)運河状の地形
OLD French古[代]フランス語

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/01/19 16:46:34」(JST)

wiki en

Schlemm's canal is a circular lymphatic-like vessel in the eye that collects aqueous humor from the anterior chamber and delivers it into the episcleral blood vessels via aqueous veins.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4] It is named after Friedrich Schlemm (1795–1858), a German anatomist.

The canal is essentially an endothelium-lined tube, resembling that of a lymphatic vessel. On the inside of the canal, nearest to the aqueous humor, it is covered by the trabecular meshwork; this region makes the greatest contribution to outflow resistance of the aqueous humor.

Conventionally, the canal has been considered a blood vessel, but recent studies have revealed that the molecular identity of Schlemm's canal is strikingly reminiscent to the one of lymphatic vasculature.^[2]^[3]^[4]

Lymphatic-like identity

While conventional wisdom has considered Schlemm's canal (also known as the scleral venous sinus) as vein, the canal shares several structural and functional features reminiscent of the lymphatic vasculature. Notably, it is never filled with blood in physiological settings as it does not receive arterial blood circulation.^[5]

Three recent independent pioneering studies by Aleksanteri Aspelund and Kari Alitalo from the University of Helsinki, Dae-Young Park and Gou Young Koh from KAIST and Krishnakumar Kizhatil and Simon W. M. John from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, discovered that Schlemm's canal displays several features of lymphatic endothelium, including the expression of PROX1, VEGFR3, CCL21, FOXC2, but lacked the expression of LYVE1 and PDPN, indicating that Schlemm's canal is a lymphatic-like vessel.^[2]^[3]^[4]

Developmental studies revealed that Schlmm's canal develops via a unique mechanism involving the transdifferentiation of venous endothelial cells in the eye into lymphatic-like endothelial cells.^[2]^[3]^[4]

The developmental morphogenesis of the canal was sensitive to the inhibition of lymphangiogenic growth factors, and in adults, the administration of the lymphangiogenic growth factor VEGFC enlarged the Schlemm's canal, which was associated with a reduction in intraocular pressure.^[2]

In the combined absence of angiopoietin 1 and angiopoietin 2, Schlemm's canal and episcleral lymphatic vasculature completely failed to develop, resulting in buphthalmos and glaucoma.^[6]

Canaloplasty

Canaloplasty is an advanced, nonpenetrating procedure designed to enhance and restore the eye’s natural drainage system to provide sustained reduction of intraocular pressure. Canaloplasty utilizes microcatheters in a simple and minimally invasive procedure. To perform a canaloplasty, a surgeon will create a tiny incision to gain access to Schlemm's canal. A microcatheter circumnavigates Schlemm's canal around the iris, enlarging the main drainage channel and its smaller collector channels through the injection of a sterile, gel-like material called viscoelastic. The catheter is then removed and a suture is placed within the canal and tightened. By opening Shlemm's canal, the pressure inside the eye is relieved. Long-term results are available, published in May 2009 in the Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery.^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]

Additional images

Enlarged general view of the iridial angle. (Labeled with older label of 'sinus venosus scleræ' at center top.)

References

^ Cassin, B. and Solomon, S. Dictionary of Eye Terminology. Gainesville, Florida: Triad Publishing Company, 1990.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Aleksanteri Aspelund, Tuomas Tammela, Salli Antila, Harri Nurmi, Veli-Matti Leppänen, Georgia Zarkada, Lukas Stanczuk, Mathias Francois, Taija Mäkinen, Pipsa Saharinen, Ilkka Immonen, and Kari Alitalo. (2014). "The Schlemm's canal is a VEGF-C/VEGFR-3-responsive lymphatic-like vessel.". The Journal of Clinical Investigation 124: 3975–86. doi:10.1172/JCI75395. PMID 25061878.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Dae-Young Park, Junyeop Lee, Intae Park, Dongwon Choi, Sunju Lee, Sukhyun Song, Yoonha Hwang, Ki Yong Hong, Yoshikazu Nakaoka, Taija Makinen, Pilhan Kim, Kari Alitalo, Young-Kwon Hong, and Gou Young Koh (2014). "Lymphatic regulator PROX1 determines Schlemm's canal integrity and identity.". The Journal of Clinical Investigation 124: 3960–74. doi:10.1172/JCI75392. PMID 25061877.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Krishnakumar Kizhatil, Margaret Ryan, Jeffrey K. Marchant, Stephen Henrich, Simon W. M. John (2014). "Schlemm's canal is a unique vessel with a combination of blood vascular and lymphatic phenotypes that forms by a novel developmental process.". PLoS Biology 12: e1001912. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001912. PMID 25051267.
^ Ramos RF, Hoying JB, Witte MH, Daniel Stamer W. (2007). "Schlemm's canal endothelia, lymphatic, or blood vasculature?". J Glaucoma 16: 391–405. doi:10.1097/IJG.0b013e3180654ac6. PMID 17571003.
^ Thomson BR, Heinen S, Jeansson M, Ghosh AK, Fatima A, Sung HK, Onay T, Chen H, Yamaguchi S, Economides AN, Flenniken A, Gale NW, Hong YK, Fawzi A, Liu X, Kume T, Quaggin SE. (2014). "A lymphatic defect causes ocular hypertension and glaucoma in mice.". The Journal of Clinical Investigation 124: 4320–4. doi:10.1172/JCI77162. PMID 25202984.
^ https://mediamillinc.com/vjo.php?display=video&id=013
^ http://www.jcrsjournal.org/article/S0886-3350(08)00004-7/abstract,
^ http://www.jcrsjournal.org/article/S0886-3350(07)00697-9/abstract
^ http://www.jcrsjournal.org/article/S0886-3350(09)00139-4/abstract

External links

Histology image: 08005loa – Histology Learning System at Boston University
Diagram
Diagram

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 外傷性前房出血：臨床的特徴および診断 traumatic hyphema clinical features and diagnosis
2. 原発性乳児緑内障 primary infantile glaucoma
3. 幼児および小児における緑内障の概要 overview of glaucoma in infants and children
4. 開放隅角緑内障：治療 open angle glaucoma treatment
5. 房室（AV）管欠損の臨床症状、病態生理、および診断 clinical manifestations pathophysiology and diagnosis of atrioventricular av canal defects

English Journal

Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor Decreases Outflow Facility.

Rogers ME, Navarro ID, Perkumas KM, Niere SM, Allingham RR, Crosson CE, Stamer WD.SourceDepartment of Ophthalmology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.
Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci.2013 Oct 11;54(10):6655-6661. doi: 10.1167/iovs.13-12766.
PURPOSE: Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) regulates blood-retinal barrier function. As a constituent of aqueous humor, the role of PEDF in conventional outflow function is unknown. The goals of the study were to examine the effects of PEDF on barrier function of cultured Schlemm's canal (SC)
PMID 24030458

Oxidative stress impact on barrier function of porcine angular aqueous plexus cell monolayers.

Lei Y, Stamer WD, Wu J, Sun X.SourceResearch Centre, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci.2013 Jul 18;54(7):4827-35. doi: 10.1167/iovs.12-11435.
PURPOSE: Our goal was to investigate the effect of chronic oxidative stress on angular aqueous plexus (AAP, functional equivalent to human Schlemm's canal) endothelial cells from porcine eyes.METHODS: AAP cells were differentially isolated from porcine outflow tissues using puromycin selection. Conf
PMID 23761078

Differential effects of prostaglandin E2-sensitive receptors on contractility of human ocular cells that regulate conventional outflow.

Wang JW, Woodward DF, Stamer WD.SourceDepartment of Biological Sciences, Allergan, Inc., Irvine, California 92612, USA. wang_jenny@allergan.com
Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci.2013 Jul 16;54(7):4782-90. doi: 10.1167/iovs.13-12363.
PURPOSE: The goal of this study was to functionally compare prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-sensitive receptors in human primary cells involved in conventional outflow.METHODS: The expression profile of prostaglandin (PG) receptors in primary cultures of human trabecular meshwork (TM) and Schlemm's canal (S
PMID 23766471

Japanese Journal

注目のイチオシ論文 : やさしく解説(第6回)リンパ管制御因子PROX1はシュレム管の形質と特性を決定する

Retina medicine : journal of
NAID 40020425283

下半周で行った初回 Schlemm 管外壁開放術併用線維柱帯切開術の術後長期成績

日本眼科學会雜誌 116(8), 740-750, 2012-08-10
NAID 10030952427

下半周で行った初回Schlemm管外壁開放術併用線維柱帯切開術の術後長期成績

日本眼科学会雑誌 116(8), 740-750, 2012-08
NAID 40019414444

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「強膜静脈洞」
関連記事	「can」「canal」

「強膜静脈洞」

Schlemm's canal
	Anterior part of the human eye, with Canal of Schlemm at lower right.
	The upper half of a sagittal section through the front of the eyeball. (Canal of Schlemm labeled at center left.)
Details
Latin	sinus venosus sclerae
Identifiers
TA	A12.3.06.109
FMA	51873
	Anatomical terminology [edit on Wikidata]

　　[★]

英: scleral venous sinus (KL)
ラ: sinus venosus sclerae
同: Schlemm管, シュレム管, Schlemm's canal, Schlemm canal, canal of Schlemm

図：KL.555
角膜と強膜との境界部には、角膜の周囲を輪状に取り囲むように静脈洞が見られる。この静脈洞を強膜静脈洞という (KL.555)
後眼房から前眼房に至った眼房水は強膜静脈洞から体循環に戻される
瞳孔が散瞳しているとシュレム管が圧迫されて眼房水の流れが悪くなる。縮瞳により圧迫がとれて眼房水の流れが良くなり眼内圧が低下する (SPC.156)

縮瞳は副交感神経の興奮、あるいはコリンエステラーゼ阻害剤の点眼によりおこる

「can」

　　[★]

aux.

(過去could)
(可能)～できる、～しようと思えばできる、～する能力がある。
(推量)～する可能性がある、～することがあり得る、～する/になることがある、～しない/にならないとも限らない。
(許可)～してもよい、～しても差し支えない。

関: able、feasible、possible

「canal」

　　[★]

n.

水路、管、導管

関: conduit、duct、ductal、ductus、meatus、pipe、tubal、tube、vas、vessel

[1] Cassin, B. and Solomon, S. Dictionary of Eye Terminology. Gainesville, Florida: Triad Publishing Company, 1990.

[Aspelund2014-2] Aleksanteri Aspelund, Tuomas Tammela, Salli Antila, Harri Nurmi, Veli-Matti Leppänen, Georgia Zarkada, Lukas Stanczuk, Mathias Francois, Taija Mäkinen, Pipsa Saharinen, Ilkka Immonen, and Kari Alitalo. (2014). "The Schlemm's canal is a VEGF-C/VEGFR-3-responsive lymphatic-like vessel.". The Journal of Clinical Investigation 124: 3975–86. doi:10.1172/JCI75395. PMID 25061878.

[Park2014-3] Dae-Young Park, Junyeop Lee, Intae Park, Dongwon Choi, Sunju Lee, Sukhyun Song, Yoonha Hwang, Ki Yong Hong, Yoshikazu Nakaoka, Taija Makinen, Pilhan Kim, Kari Alitalo, Young-Kwon Hong, and Gou Young Koh (2014). "Lymphatic regulator PROX1 determines Schlemm's canal integrity and identity.". The Journal of Clinical Investigation 124: 3960–74. doi:10.1172/JCI75392. PMID 25061877.

[Kizhatil2014-4] Krishnakumar Kizhatil, Margaret Ryan, Jeffrey K. Marchant, Stephen Henrich, Simon W. M. John (2014). "Schlemm's canal is a unique vessel with a combination of blood vascular and lymphatic phenotypes that forms by a novel developmental process.". PLoS Biology 12: e1001912. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001912. PMID 25051267.

[Ramos2007-5] Ramos RF, Hoying JB, Witte MH, Daniel Stamer W. (2007). "Schlemm's canal endothelia, lymphatic, or blood vasculature?". J Glaucoma 16: 391–405. doi:10.1097/IJG.0b013e3180654ac6. PMID 17571003.

[Thomson2014-6] Thomson BR, Heinen S, Jeansson M, Ghosh AK, Fatima A, Sung HK, Onay T, Chen H, Yamaguchi S, Economides AN, Flenniken A, Gale NW, Hong YK, Fawzi A, Liu X, Kume T, Quaggin SE. (2014). "A lymphatic defect causes ocular hypertension and glaucoma in mice.". The Journal of Clinical Investigation 124: 4320–4. doi:10.1172/JCI77162. PMID 25202984.

[7] ttps://mediamillinc.com/vjo.php?display=video&id=013

[8] ttp://www.jcrsjournal.org/article/S0886-3350(08)00004-7/abstract,

[9] ttp://www.jcrsjournal.org/article/S0886-3350(07)00697-9/abstract

[10] ttp://www.jcrsjournal.org/article/S0886-3350(09)00139-4/abstract

匿名

検索

案内

案内

canal of Schlemm