WordNet

natural process that causes something to form; "the formation of gas in the intestine"; "the formation of crystals"; "the formation of pseudopods"
the act of fabricating something in a particular shape (同)shaping
a particular spatial arrangement
creation by mental activity; "the formation of sentences"; "the formation of memories"
an arrangement of people or things acting as a unit; "a defensive formation"; "a formation of planes"
the part of the brain continuous with the spinal cord and comprising the medulla oblongata and pons and midbrain and parts of the hypothalamus (同)brain-stem, brain_stem

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉(…の)『形成』,構成,育成《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉形成されたもの,構成物;(その)構造,組織 / 〈U〉〈C〉隊形,陣形

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1. 症候性（二次性）ミオクローヌスsymptomatic secondary myoclonus [show details]
…genetic mutations have been found in the inhibitory neurotransmitter glycine receptor. A brainstem reticular formation source for the myoclonus is established and demonstrates subcortical-nonsegmental physiology …
2. 脊髄障害の解剖学および局在性anatomy and localization of spinal cord disorders [show details]
… The spinoreticular tract carries deep pain input to the reticular formation of the brainstem; Autonomic fibers of hypothalamic and brainstem origin descend in the lateral aspect of the spinal cord but…
3. しゃっくりhiccups [show details]
…well defined; it is thought to involve interaction among the medulla oblongata and reticular formation of the brainstem, phrenic nerve nuclei, and the hypothalamus ; The efferent limb includes the phrenic…
4. 小児における運動過多な運動障害hyperkinetic movement disorders in children [show details]
…inflammation possibly induced by viral infection. Reticular reflex myoclonus is thought to result from a hyperexcitable brainstem reticular formation, particularly the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis…
5. 後方循環系の脳血管症候群posterior circulation cerebrovascular syndromes [show details]
… tegmentum and the medullary reticular zone. The most common abnormality described in patients with lateral tegmental caudal brainstem lesions is failure of automatic respirations,… the brainstem, or the third ventricle; A catastrophic outcome caused by vascular rupture; Flow in dilated arteries may become to-and-fro, causing reduced antegrade flow and thrombus formation.…

English Journal

Co-expression of GAD67 and choline acetyltransferase reveals a novel neuronal phenotype in the mouse medulla oblongata.

Gotts J1, Atkinson L1, Edwards IJ1, Yanagawa Y2, Deuchars SA1, Deuchars J3.
Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical.Auton Neurosci.2015 Dec;193:22-30. doi: 10.1016/j.autneu.2015.05.003. Epub 2015 May 16.
GABAergic and cholinergic systems play an important part in autonomic pathways. To determine the distribution of the enzymes responsible for the production of GABA and acetylcholine in areas involved in autonomic control in the mouse brainstem, we used a transgenic mouse expressing green fluorescent
PMID 26015156

The expression of SEIPIN in the mouse central nervous system.

Liu X1, Xie B2, Qi Y1, Du X1, Wang S3, Zhang Y4, Paxinos G5,6, Yang H1, Liang H7,8.
Brain structure & function.Brain Struct Funct.2015 Nov 30. [Epub ahead of print]
Immunohistochemical staining was used to investigate the expression pattern of SEIPIN in the mouse central nervous system. SEIPIN was found to be present in a large number of areas, including the motor and somatosensory cortex, the thalamic nuclei, the hypothalamic nuclei, the mesencephalic nuclei,
PMID 26621102

Descending Command Neurons in the Brainstem that Halt Locomotion.

Bouvier J1, Caggiano V2, Leiras R2, Caldeira V2, Bellardita C2, Balueva K3, Fuchs A2, Kiehn O4.
Cell.Cell.2015 Nov 19;163(5):1191-203. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.10.074.
The episodic nature of locomotion is thought to be controlled by descending inputs from the brainstem. Most studies have largely attributed this control to initiating excitatory signals, but little is known about putative commands that may specifically determine locomotor offset. To link identifiabl
PMID 26590422

Japanese Journal

A Descending Circuit Derived From the Superior Colliculus Modulates Vibrissal Movements

Kaneshige Miki,Shibata Ken-ichi,Matsubayashi Jun,Mitani Akira,Furuta Takahiro
Frontiers in Neural Circuits (12), 2018-11-22
… To explore the anatomical basis for SC involvement in vibrissal movement control, we then quantitatively evaluated axonal projections from the SC to the brainstem using neuronal labeling with a virus vector. … Neurons of the SC mainly sent axons to the contralateral side in the lower brainstem. …
NAID 120006645288

Central Neural Mechanisms Involved in the Control of Jaw Movement during Postnatal Development

NAKAMURA Shiro,NAGATA Shoko,NONAKA Mutsumi,NISHIMURA Akiko,NAGOYA Kouta,DANTSUJI Masanori,NAKAYAMA Kiyomi,MOCHIZUKI Ayako,IIJIMA Takehiko,OZEKI Masahiko,YAMAMOTO Matsuo,INOUE Tomio
The Showa University journal of medical sciences 29(3), 221-229, 2017-09
… Premotor neurons situated in the brainstem transmit masticatory motor commands to the jaw-closing and jaw-opening motoneurons, which in turn activate the masticatory muscles. … The premotor neurons receive inputs from multiple sources such as the orofacial sensory organs, the cerebral cortex, and the central pattern generator in the brainstem. …
NAID 120006710355

Central Neural Mechanisms Involved in the Control of Jaw Movement during Postnatal Development

NAKAMURA Shiro,OZEKI Masahiko,YAMAMOTO Matsuo,INOUE Tomio,NAGATA Shoko,NONAKA Mutsumi,NISHIMURA Akiko,NAGOYA Kouta,DANTSUJI Masanori,NAKAYAMA Kiyomi,MOCHIZUKI Ayako,IIJIMA Takehiko
Ｔｈｅ　Ｓｈｏｗａ　Ｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ　Ｊｏｕｒｎａｌ　ｏｆ　Ｍｅｄｉｃａｌ　Ｓｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ 29(3), 221-229, 2017
… Premotor neurons situated in the brainstem transmit masticatory motor commands to the jaw-closing and jaw-opening motoneurons, which in turn activate the masticatory muscles. … The premotor neurons receive inputs from multiple sources such as the orofacial sensory organs, the cerebral cortex, and the central pattern generator in the brainstem. …
NAID 130006219349

「脳幹網様体」

　　[★]

英: brainstem reticular formation (KL), reticular formation of brain stem
ラ: formatio reticularis truncus cerebri
関: 網様体、脳幹

脳幹網様体

被蓋の大部分を占める。
中脳、橋、延髄の内側部に存在。
上行性網様体賦活系として機能する。
様々な方向に走行する神経線維の間に個々の神経細胞体や神経核が散在する構造
吻側は視床の髄板内核。尾側は脊髄の中間帯に移行。

脳幹網様体の分類

入出力

(KL.708)

	入力	出力
	求心性線維	遠心性線維
大脳皮質	○	網様体視床路経由
小脳	○	網様体小脳路
中脳	上丘・赤核	中脳核
脊髄	脊髄網様体路　脊髄視床路	網様体脊髄路