This article is about the kinase CSK, for the kinase that is phosphorylated by CSK, see c-Src.
| C-src tyrosine kinase |
PDB rendering based on 1byg. |
| Available structures |
| PDB |
Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB |
| List of PDB id codes |
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1BYG, 1CSK, 3D7T, 3D7U, 3EAC, 3EAZ
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| Identifiers |
| Symbols |
CSK ; MGC117393 |
| External IDs |
OMIM: 124095 MGI: 88537 HomoloGene: 55818 ChEMBL: 2634 GeneCards: CSK Gene |
| EC number |
2.7.10.2 |
| Gene ontology |
| Molecular function |
• protein tyrosine kinase activity
• non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activity
• protein binding
• ATP binding
• protein C-terminus binding
• protein phosphatase binding
• identical protein binding
• proline-rich region binding
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| Cellular component |
• cytoplasm
• cytosol
• plasma membrane
• cell-cell junction
• membrane raft
• extracellular vesicular exosome
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| Biological process |
• protein phosphorylation
• epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway
• brain development
• blood coagulation
• negative regulation of cell proliferation
• negative regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle clearance
• peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation
• platelet activation
• T cell costimulation
• negative regulation of interleukin-6 production
• negative regulation of kinase activity
• adherens junction organization
• negative regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport
• positive regulation of MAP kinase activity
• negative regulation of bone resorption
• protein autophosphorylation
• oligodendrocyte differentiation
• negative regulation of phagocytosis
• T cell receptor signaling pathway
• regulation of Fc receptor mediated stimulatory signaling pathway
• negative regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade
• cellular response to peptide hormone stimulus
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| Sources: Amigo / QuickGO |
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| RNA expression pattern |
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| More reference expression data |
| Orthologs |
| Species |
Human |
Mouse |
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| Entrez |
1445 |
12988 |
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| Ensembl |
ENSG00000103653 |
ENSMUSG00000032312 |
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| UniProt |
P41240 |
P41241 |
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| RefSeq (mRNA) |
NM_001127190 |
NM_007783 |
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| RefSeq (protein) |
NP_001120662 |
NP_031809 |
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| Location (UCSC) |
Chr 15:
74.78 – 74.8 Mb |
Chr 9:
57.63 – 57.65 Mb |
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| PubMed search |
[1] |
[2] |
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Tyrosine-protein kinase CSK also known as C-Src kinase or C-terminal Src kinase is an enzyme that, in humans, is encoded by the CSK gene.[1] This enzyme phosphorylates tyrosine residues located in the C-terminal end of Src-family kinases (SFKs) including SRC, HCK, FYN, LCK, LYN and YES1.[2][3]
Contents
- 1 Function
- 2 Clinical significance
- 3 Expression and subcellular location
- 4 Known Mutations
- 5 Clinical Significance
- 6 References
- 7 External links
Function
This Non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase plays an important role in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, migration and immune response. CSK acts by suppressing the activity of the Src family of protein kinases by phosphorylation of Src family members at a conserved C-terminal tail site in Src.[4][5][6][7] Upon phosphorylation by other kinases, Src-family members engage in intramolecular interactions between the phosphotyrosine tail and the SH2 domain that result in an inactive conformation. To inhibit SFKs, CSK is then recruited to the plasma membrane via binding to transmembrane proteins or adapter proteins located near the plasma membrane and ultimately suppresses signaling through various surface receptors, including T-cell receptor (TCR) and B-cell receptor (BCR) by phosphorylating and maintaining inactive several effector molecules.[2][3]
Clinical significance
Adherens junction organization, blood coagulation, brain development, cell differentiation, cell migration, cellular response to peptide hormone stimulus, central nervous system development, epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway, innate immune response, morphogenesis of an epithelium, regulation of bone resorption, negative regulation of cell proliferation, negative regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade, negative regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport, negative regulation of interleukin-6 production, negative regulation of kinase activity, negative regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle clearance, negative regulation of phagocytosis, dendrocyte differentiation, peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation, platelet activation, positive regulation of MAP kinase activity, regulation of cell proliferation, regulation of cytokine production, regulation of Fc receptor mediated stimulatory signaling pathway, T cell costimulation, T cell receptor signaling pathway.[8]
Expression and subcellular location
CSK is known to be expressed in the lungs and macrophages,[9] but not restricted to. Tyrosine-Kinase CSK is mainly mainly present in the cytoplasm, but also found in lipid rafts making cell-cell junction.[8]
Known Mutations
- Aminoacid location: 184. Change: Y → F. Consequence: Abolishes phosphorylation.[10]
- Aminoacid location: 304. Change: Y → F. Consequence: Decreases activity by two-thirds and alters conformation.[10]
- Aminoacid location: 364. Change: S → A. Consequence: Strong decrease of phosphorylation by PRKACA (catalytic subunit of PKA).[11]
Clinical Significance
Csk's interaction with a phosphatase ("Lyp", gene product of PTPN22) is possibly associated with the increased autoimmune diseases associated with PTPN22 mutations.[12]
References
- ^ "Entrez Gene: C-src tyrosine kinase". Retrieved 2013-07-11.
- ^ a b Bergman M, Mustelin T, Oetken C, Partanen J, Flint N, Amrein K et al. (Aug 1992). "The human p50csk tyrosine kinase phosphorylates p56lck at Tyr-505 and down regulates its catalytic activity". The EMBO Journal 11 (8): 2919–24. PMC 556773. PMID 1639064.
- ^ a b Sun G, Budde R (Sep 1997). "Expression, purification, and initial characterization of human Yes protein tyrosine kinase from a bacterial expression system". Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 345 (1): 135–42. doi:10.1006/abbi.1997.0236. PMID 9281320.
- ^ Nada S, Okada M, MacAuley A, Cooper J, Nakagawa H (May 1991). "Cloning of a complementary DNA for a protein-tyrosine kinase that specifically phosphorylates a negative regulatory site of p60c-src". Nature 351 (6321): 69–72. doi:10.1038/351069a0. PMID 1709258.
- ^ Nada S, Yagi T, Takeda H, Tokunaga T, Nakagawa H, Ikawa Y et al. (Jun 1993). "Constitutive activation of Src family kinases in mouse embryos that lack Csk". Cell 73 (6): 1125–35. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90642-4. PMID 8513497.
- ^ Chong Y, Chan A, Chan K, Williamson N, Lerner E, Smithgall T et al. (Nov 2006). "C-terminal Src kinase-homologous kinase (CHK), a unique inhibitor inactivating multiple active conformations of Src family tyrosine kinases". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 281 (44): 32988–99. doi:10.1074/jbc.M602951200. PMID 16959780.
- ^ Chong Y, Mulhern T, Cheng H (Sep 2005). "C-terminal Src kinase (CSK) and CSK-homologous kinase (CHK)--endogenous negative regulators of Src-family protein kinases". Growth Factors 23 (3): 233–44. doi:10.1080/08977190500178877. PMID 16243715.
- ^ a b P41240
- ^ Bräuninger A, Holtrich U, Strebhardt K, Rübsamen-Waigmann H (Jan 1992). "Isolation and characterization of a human gene that encodes a new subclass of protein tyrosine kinases". Gene 110 (2): 205–11. PMID 1371489.
- ^ a b Joukov V, Vihinen M, Vainikka S, Sowadski J, Alitalo K, Bergman M (Mar 1997). "Identification of csk tyrosine phosphorylation sites and a tyrosine residue important for kinase domain structure". The Biochemical Journal. 322 ( Pt 3): 927–35. PMC 1218276. PMID 9148770.
- ^ Vang T, Torgersen K, Sundvold V, Saxena M, Levy F, Skålhegg B et al. (Feb 2001). "Activation of the COOH-terminal Src kinase (Csk) by cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibits signaling through the T cell receptor". The Journal of Experimental Medicine 193 (4): 497–507. PMC 2195911. PMID 11181701.
- ^ Fiorillo E, Orrú V, Stanford S, Liu Y, Salek M, Rapini N et al. (Aug 2010). "Autoimmune-associated PTPN22 R620W variation reduces phosphorylation of lymphoid phosphatase on an inhibitory tyrosine residue". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 285 (34): 26506–18. doi:10.1074/jbc.M110.111104. PMC 2924087. PMID 20538612.
External links
- CSK tyrosine-protein kinase at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)