WordNet

write a musical score for
a slight surface cut (especially a notch that is made to keep a tally) (同)scotch
a number that expresses the accomplishment of a team or an individual in a game or contest; "the score was 7 to 0"
an amount due (as at a restaurant or bar); "add it to my score and Ill settle later"
the act of scoring in a game or sport; "the winning score came with less than a minute left to play"
grounds; "dont do it on my account"; "the paper was rejected on account of its length"; "he tried to blame the victim but his success on that score was doubtful" (同)account
a written form of a musical composition; parts for different instruments appear on separate staves on large pages; "he studied the score of the sonata" (同)musical score
a set of twenty members; "a score were sent out but only one returned"
the facts about an actual situation; "he didnt know the score"
gain points in a game; "The home team scored many times"; "He hit a home run"; "He hit .300 in the past season" (同)hit, tally, rack_up
make underscoring marks (同)mark
make small marks into the surface of; "score the clay before firing it" (同)nock, mark
get a certain number or letter indicating quality or performance; "She scored high on the SAT"; "He scored a 200"

PrepTutorEJDIC

(ゲーム・競技の)『スコア』,得点記録 / (ゲーム・競技の)『得点』 / (試験の)点数,評点 / 《おもに文》20[の単位] / 《複数形で》多数(の…)《+『of』+『名』》 / 《まれ》勘定,借金 / 《単数形で》理由,根拠,原因 / (また『score mark』)刻み目,線,印 / 総譜,楽譜 / (ゲーム・競技で)〈点数〉‘を'『得点する』 / 〈競技〉‘の'得点を記録する / 〈得点〉‘を'〈人〉‘に'与える《+『名』〈人〉+『名』〈得点〉=+『名』〈得点〉+『to』(『for』)+『名』〈人〉》 / 〈試験〉‘を'採点する;(試験で)…‘の'点をとる《+『名』+『on』+『名』》 / (…で)…‘に'刻み目(印)をつける,線をひく《+『名』+『with』+『名』》 / 《米話》…‘を'こきおろす,酷評する / 《通例受動態で》(…のために)〈音楽〉‘を'作曲(編曲)する《+『for』+『名』》 / (ゲーム・競技で)『得点する』 / 優勢となる,成功する / 《俗》〈男が〉(女を)くどき落とす《+『with』+『名』》 / 《俗》麻薬を売う

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/11/05 22:26:26」(JST)

wiki en

Gleason grade Lower grades are associated with small, closely packed glands. Cells spread out and lose glandular architecture as grade increases. Gleason score is calculated from grade as described in the text.

The Gleason Grading system is used to help evaluate the prognosis of men with prostate cancer. Together with other parameters, it is incorporated into a strategy of prostate cancer staging which predicts prognosis and helps guide therapy. A Gleason score is given to prostate cancer based upon its microscopic appearance.^[1] Cancers with a higher Gleason score are more aggressive and have a worse prognosis.

Process

Most often, a urologist or radiologist will remove a cylindrical sample (biopsy) of prostate tissue through the rectum, using hollow needles, and prepare microscope slides. After a prostate is removed in surgery, a pathologist will slice the prostate for a final examination.

Grades and scores

The pathologist assigns a grade to the most common tumor pattern, and a second grade to the next most common tumor pattern. The two grades are added together to get a Gleason Score. For example, if the most common tumor pattern was grade 3, and the next most common tumor pattern was grade 4, the Gleason Score would be 3+4 = 7. The Gleason Grade is also known as the Gleason Pattern, and the Gleason Score is also known as the Gleason Sum. The Gleason Grade or Gleason Pattern ranges from 1 to 5, with 5 having the worst prognosis. The Gleason Score ranges from 2 to 10, with 10 having the worst prognosis. For Gleason Score 7, a Gleason 4+3 is a more aggressive cancer than a Gleason 3+4. Also, there is not really any difference between the aggressiveness of a Gleason Score 9 or 10 tumor.

Patterns 1 through 5

Gleason Pattern 3. H&E stain.

Gleason pattern 4. H&E stain.

Gleason pattern 4 (left of image) and Gleason pattern 5 (right of image). H&E stain.

Gleason patterns are associated with the following features:

Pattern 1 - The cancerous prostate closely resembles normal prostate tissue. The glands are small, well-formed, and closely packed.
Pattern 2 - The tissue still has well-formed glands, but they are larger and have more tissue between them.
Pattern 3 - The tissue still has recognizable glands, but the cells are darker. At high magnification, some of these cells have left the glands and are beginning to invade the surrounding tissue.
Pattern 4 - The tissue has few recognizable glands. Many cells are invading the surrounding tissue
Pattern 5 - The tissue does not have recognizable glands. There are often just sheets of cells throughout the surrounding tissue.

In the United Kingdom, prostate cancer of Gleason pattern 1 and 2 are almost never seen. Gleason pattern 3 is by far the most common.

Primary, secondary, and tertiary

A pathologist examines the biopsy specimen and attempts to give a score to the two patterns.

First called the primary grade, represents the majority of tumor (has to be greater than 50% of the total pattern seen).
Second - a secondary grade - relates to the minority of the tumor (has to be less than 50%, but at least 5%, of the pattern of the total cancer observed).

These grades are then added to obtain the final Gleason score.

Increasingly, pathologists provide details of the "tertiary" component. This is where there is a small component of a third (generally more aggressive) pattern. So there could be a Gleason 3+4 with a tertiary component of pattern 5 - this would be considered to be more aggressive than a prostate cancer that was Gleason 3+4 with no tertiary pattern 5. Although it is debatable as to what the full extent the tertiary component has on the aggressiveness of a cancer.

History

The scoring system is named after Donald Gleason, a pathologist at the Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Hospital who developed it with other colleagues at that facility in the 1960s.^[2]^[3] It remains an important tool.

References

^ "Male Genital Pathology". http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/MALEHTML/MALE075.html. Retrieved 2009-05-13.
^ Manage Account - Modern Medicine
^ Gleason, D. F. (1977). "The Veteran's Administration Cooperative Urologic Research Group: histologic grading and clinical staging of prostatic carcinoma". In Tannenbaum, M.. Urologic Pathology: The Prostate. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger. pp. 171–198. ISBN 0-8121-0546-X.

External links

Thorson, Phataraporn; Humphrey, Peter A. (2000). "Minimal Adenocarcinoma in Prostate Needle Biopsy Tissue". American Journal of Clinical Pathology 114 (6): 896–909. PMID 11338479. http://ajcp.ascpjournals.org/content/114/6/896.abstract. Pathology slides and explanation. [Free]
WHO, Geneva Foundation for Medical Education and Research, Prostate cancer, Gleason score. 51 images.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 前立腺生検の解釈 interpretation of prostate biopsy
2. 新たに診断された前立腺癌の初回の病期分類および評価 initial staging and evaluation of men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer
3. 前立腺癌：リスクの層別化および初期治療の選択 prostate cancer risk stratification and choice of initial treatment
4. 前立腺癌におけるMRIの役割 the role of magnetic resonance imaging in prostate cancer
5. 中等度～高、超高リスク限局性前立腺癌の初期マネージメント initial management of regionally localized intermediate high and very high risk prostate cancer

English Journal

Incidental Meningioma Detected on 18F-Fluoride With PET/CT During Initial Staging for Prostate Cancer.

Teo TY1, Menda Y, McNeely P, Kahn D, Graham M.
Clinical nuclear medicine.Clin Nucl Med.2015 Jul;40(7):596-7. doi: 10.1097/RLU.0000000000000802.
A 72-year-old man with recently diagnosed high-grade prostate adenocarcinoma with a Gleason score of 7 and PSA of 3.7 underwent F-fluoride PET/CT bone scan. The F-fluoride PET/CT bone scan showed increased uptake in the brain in the right frontal lobe. The follow-up MRI revealed a right frontal meni
PMID 25899597

The effect of smoking on prostate cancer survival: a cohort analysis in Barcelona.

Murta-Nascimento C1, Romero AI, Sala M, Lorente JA, Bellmunt J, Rodero NJ, Lloreta J, Hospital À, Burón A, Castells X, Macià F.
European journal of cancer prevention : the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation (ECP).Eur J Cancer Prev.2015 Jul;24(4):335-9. doi: 10.1097/CEJ.0000000000000075.
The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of smoking on prostate cancer-specific mortality and all-cause mortality. A retrospective cohort study was conducted with 1109 patients with prostate cancer diagnosed from 1992 to 2008, identified through the Hospital del Mar Cancer Registry (Barcelona
PMID 25075878

Golgi phosphoprotein 3 expression predicts poor prognosis in patients with prostate cancer undergoing radical prostatectomy.

Zhang L1, Guo F1, Gao X1, Wu Y1.
Molecular medicine reports.Mol Med Rep.2015 Jul;12(1):1298-304. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3455. Epub 2015 Mar 9.
Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3) has recently been implicated as an oncogene involved in the development of carcinoma in a number of organs. The expression of GOLPH3 in prostate cancer (PCa) tissues was investigated in the present study. Human PC-3 and LNCaP PCa cell lines were analyzed in order to a
PMID 25760033

Japanese Journal

後期高齢者の前立腺がんスクリーニングの重要性

人間ドック = Ningen Dock : official journal of the Japanese Society of Human Dry Dock 30(3), 570-573, 2015-09
NAID 40020608117

急速な病勢進行を認めるもカルボプラチン・パクリタキセル投与にて長期寛解が得られている前立腺癌の1例

泌尿器科紀要 = Acta urologica Japonica 61(9), 369-373, 2015-09
NAID 120005668042

函館五稜郭病院におけるHigh risk前立腺癌の臨床的検討

泌尿器科紀要 = Acta urologica Japonica 61(4), 147-151, 2015-04
NAID 120005611426

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

国試過去問	「109A042」
リンク元	「グリソンスコア」「グリーソンスコア」
関連記事	「score」「scoring」

「109A042」

　　[★]

73歳の男性。排尿困難を主訴に来院した。2年前から尿線が細いことに気付いていたが年齢のためと考えていた。3か月前から排尿困難を伴うようになったため受診した。直腸指診で鶏卵大、石様硬の前立腺を触知する。PSA 45ng/mL(基準 4.0以下)。前立腺針生検で中分化腺癌(Gleason score 4+3)と病理診断された。骨シンチグラフィで多発骨転移を認める。
まず行う治療として適切なのはどれか。

a　放射線治療
b　ホルモン療法
c　抗癌化学療法
d　前立腺全摘除術
e　分子標的薬投与

[正答]

※国試ナビ4※　［109A041］←［国試_109］→［109A043］

「グリソンスコア」

　　[★]

英: Gleason score
同: Gleasonスコア、グリーソンスコア
関: 前立腺癌、グリーソンの腫瘍分類 Gleason grade

[show details]

グリーソンスコア : 約 3,700 件
グリソンスコア : 約 5,630 件

前立腺癌を組織構築と浸潤様式により分類・スコア化したもの
生検した資料を検鏡し、構造と増殖パターンにより5段階に分類(グリソン分類)し、これを元に算出したスコアで最小2点、最大で10点であり、大きいほど悪性度が高くなる。スコアは最も多い組織と2番目に多い組織についてグリソン分類に基づいて分類し、それぞれのスコアの和がグリソンスコアとなる。