WordNet

process or manner of functioning or operating; "the power of its engine determines its operation"; "the planes operation in high winds"; "they compared the cooking performance of each oven"; "the jets performance conformed to high standards" (同)functioning, performance
(computer science) data processing in which the result is completely specified by a rule (especially the processing that results from a single instruction); "it can perform millions of operations per second"
the state of being in effect or being operative; "that rule is no longer in operation"
activity by a military or naval force (as a maneuver or campaign); "it was a joint operation of the navy and air force" (同)military operation
a process or series of acts especially of a practical or mechanical nature involved in a particular form of work; "the operations in building a house"; "certain machine tool operations" (同)procedure
a medical procedure involving an incision with instruments; performed to repair damage or arrest disease in a living body; "they will schedule the operation as soon as an operating room is available"; "he died while undergoing surgery" (同)surgery, surgical_operation, surgical_procedure, surgical process
a business especially one run on a large scale; "a large-scale farming operation"; "a multinational operation"; "they paid taxes on every stage of the operation"; "they had to consolidate their operations"
a planned activity involving many people performing various actions; "they organized a rescue operation"; "the biggest police operation in French history"; "running a restaurant is quite an operation"; "consolidate the companies various operations"
the activity of operating something (a machine or business etc.); "her smooth operation of the vehicle gave us a surprisingly comfortable ride"
financial transactions at a brokerage; having to do with the execution of trades and keeping customer records (同)trading operations

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉(…)『作用』,働き;(機械などを)『動かすこと』,操作,(企業などの)運営《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉(機械・機能などが)『動いている状態』,働いている状態,(法律など)有効である状態 / 〈C〉(人に対する…の)『手術』《+『on』〈人〉+『for』+『名』〈患部・病名〉》 / 〈C〉《複数形で》(特に,軍の)行動;《しばしばO-》…作戦 / 〈C〉運算,演算

UpToDate Contents

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1. 成人における胃食道逆流の外科的マネージメント surgical management of gastroesophageal reflux in adults
2. L型大血管転位 l transposition of the great arteries
3. 成人におけるチアノーゼ性先天性心疾患の内科的マネージメント medical management of cyanotic congenital heart disease in adults
4. 開腹下胆嚢摘出術 open cholecystectomy
5. D型大血管転位のマネージメントおよび転帰 management and outcome of d transposition of the great arteries

English Journal

Pancreatic cell tracing, lineage tagging and targeted genetic manipulations in multiple cell types using pancreatic ductal infusion of adeno-associated viral vectors and/or cell-tagging dyes.

Xiao X1, Guo P1, Prasadan K1, Shiota C1, Peirish L1, Fischbach S1, Song Z1, Gaffar I1, Wiersch J1, El-Gohary Y1, Husain SZ2, Gittes GK1.
Nature protocols.Nat Protoc.2014 Dec;9(12):2719-24. doi: 10.1038/nprot.2014.183. Epub 2014 Oct 30.
Genetic manipulations, with or without lineage tracing for specific pancreatic cell types, are very powerful tools for studying diabetes, pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. Nevertheless, the use of Cre/loxP systems to conditionally activate or inactivate the expression of genes in a cell type- and/
PMID 25356582

Pancreatic duct cells as a source of VEGF in mice.

Xiao X1, Prasadan K, Guo P, El-Gohary Y, Fischbach S, Wiersch J, Gaffar I, Shiota C, Gittes GK.
Diabetologia.Diabetologia.2014 May;57(5):991-1000. doi: 10.1007/s00125-014-3179-y. Epub 2014 Feb 18.
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is essential for proper pancreatic development, islet vascularisation and insulin secretion. In the adult pancreas, VEGF is thought to be predominantly secreted by beta cells. Although human duct cells have previously been shown to secrete V
PMID 24535231

M2 macrophages promote beta-cell proliferation by up-regulation of SMAD7.

Xiao X1, Gaffar I, Guo P, Wiersch J, Fischbach S, Peirish L, Song Z, El-Gohary Y, Prasadan K, Shiota C, Gittes GK.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.2014 Apr 1;111(13):E1211-20. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1321347111. Epub 2014 Mar 17.
Determination of signaling pathways that regulate beta-cell replication is critical for beta-cell therapy. Here, we show that blocking pancreatic macrophage infiltration after pancreatic duct ligation (PDL) completely inhibits beta-cell proliferation. The TGFβ superfamily signaling inhibitor SMAD7
PMID 24639504