アメリカ家庭医学会のガイドラインでは、児童・成人の風邪に対して、抗生物質を使用すべきではない(should not be used, エビデンスレベルA)[注 1][10]。原因微生物として、レンサ球菌やマイコプラズマや溶連菌感染症が疑われる場合、細菌の二次感染が疑われる場合を除いて、抗生物質の投与は止める[40]。
^ abcArroll, B (March 2011). “Common cold”. Clinical evidence2011 (3): 1510. PMC: 3275147. PMID 21406124. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3275147/. "Common colds are defined as upper respiratory tract infections that affect the predominantly nasal part of the respiratory mucosa"
^ abcAllan, GM; Arroll, B (18 February 2014). “Prevention and treatment of the common cold: making sense of the evidence.”. CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association186 (3): 190–9. doi:10.1503/cmaj.121442. PMC: 3928210. PMID 24468694. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3928210/.
^ abcdefghijkl“Common Colds: Protect Yourself and Others”. アメリカ疾病予防管理センター (2015年10月6日). 2016年2月4日閲覧。
^ abEccles R (November 2005). “Understanding the symptoms of the common cold and influenza”. Lancet Infect Dis5 (11): 718–25. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(05)70270-X. PMID 16253889.
^Kim, SY; Chang, YJ; Cho, HM; Hwang, YW; Moon, YS (21 September 2015). “Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for the common cold.”. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews9: CD006362. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006362.pub4. PMID 26387658.
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^Harris, AM; Hicks, LA; Qaseem, A; High Value Care Task Force of the American College of Physicians and for the Centers for Disease Control and, Prevention (19 January 2016). “Appropriate Antibiotic Use for Acute Respiratory Tract Infection in Adults: Advice for High-Value Care From the American College of Physicians and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.”. Annals of Internal Medicine. doi:10.7326/M15-1840. PMID 26785402.
^ abcdef Is It a Cold or the Flu? (Report). アメリカ国立アレルギー感染症研究所. (2015-04). https://www.niaid.nih.gov/media/it-cold-or-flu.
^ abRan L, Zhao W, Wang J, et al. (2018). “Extra Dose of Vitamin C Based on a Daily Supplementation Shortens the Common Cold: A Meta-Analysis of 9 Randomized Controlled Trials”. Biomed Res Int: 1837634. doi:10.1155/2018/1837634. PMC: 6057395. PMID 30069463. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/1837634.
^“Sequencing and Analyses of All Known Human Rhinovirus Genomes Reveals Structure and Evolution”. Science324 (5923): 55–9. (2009). doi:10.1126/science.1165557. PMC: 3923423. PMID 19213880. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3923423/.
^Eccles 2009, p. 77.
^Pelczar (2010). Microbiology: Application Based Approach. p. 656. ISBN 978-0-07-015147-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=xnClBCuo71IC&pg=PA656
^medicine, s cecil. Goldman (24th ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders. p. 2103. ISBN 978-1-4377-2788-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=Qd-vvNh0ee0C&pg=PA2103
^ abcdAllan GM, Arroll B (February 2014). “Prevention and treatment of the common cold: making sense of the evidence”. CMAJ (3): 190–9. doi:10.1503/cmaj.121442. PMC: 3928210. PMID 24468694. https://doi.org/10.1503%2Fcmaj.121442.
^ abHemilä H, Chalker E (January 2013). “Vitamin C for preventing and treating the common cold”. Cochrane Database Syst Re (1): CD000980. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000980.pub4. PMID 23440782. ビタミンCによる風邪の予防および治療
^Lissiman E, Bhasale AL, Cohen M (November 2014). “Garlic for the common cold”. Cochrane Database Syst Re (11): CD006206. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006206.pub4. PMID 25386977. 風邪に対するガーリック
^Johnston CS, Barkyoumb GM, Schumacher SS (July 2014). “Vitamin C supplementation slightly improves physical activity levels and reduces cold incidence in men with marginal vitamin C status: a randomized controlled trial”. Nutrients (7): 2572–83. doi:10.3390/nu6072572. PMC: 4113757. PMID 25010554. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu6072572.
^Cohen S, Doyle WJ, Alper CM, Janicki-Deverts D, Turner RB (January 2009). “Sleep habits and susceptibility to the common cold”. Arch. Intern. Med. (1): 62–7. doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2008.505. PMC: 2629403. PMID 19139325. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2629403/.
^Prather AA, Janicki-Deverts D, Hall MH, Cohen S (September 2015). “Behaviorally Assessed Sleep and Susceptibility to the Common Cold”. Sleep (9): 1353–9. doi:10.5665/sleep.4968. PMC: 4531403. PMID 26118561. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4531403/.
^Wilder-Smith A, Mustafa FB, Earnest A, Gen L, Macary PA (October 2013). “Impact of partial sleep deprivation on immune markers”. Sleep Med. (10): 1031–4. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2013.07.001. PMID 23993876.
^Cohen S, Doyle WJ, Turner R, Alper CM, Skoner DP (September 2003). “Sociability and susceptibility to the common cold”. Psychol Sci (5): 389–95. doi:10.1111/1467-9280.01452. PMID 12930466.
^Cohen S, Janicki-Deverts D, Doyle WJ (2015). “Self-Rated Health in Healthy Adults and Susceptibility to the Common Cold”. Psychosom Med (9): 959–68. doi:10.1097/PSY.0000000000000232. PMC: 4643389. PMID 26397938. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/26397938/.
^Sneed RS, Cohen S, Turner RB, Doyle WJ (2012). “Parenthood and host resistance to the common cold”. Psychosom Med (6): 567–73. doi:10.1097/PSY.0b013e31825941ff. PMC: 3746028. PMID 22773866. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3746028/.
^Cohen S, Alper CM, Doyle WJ, Treanor JJ, Turner RB (2006). “Positive emotional style predicts resistance to illness after experimental exposure to rhinovirus or influenza a virus”. Psychosom Med (6): 809–15. doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000245867.92364.3c. PMID 17101814.
^ abcdefghijan Driel ML, Scheire S, Deckx L, Gevaert P, De Sutter A (October 2018). “What treatments are effective for common cold in adults and children?”. BMJ: k3786. PMID 30305295. Figure 1に図形式で鼻症状のまとめ。
^Rakel DP, Hoeft TJ, Barrett BP, Chewning BA, Craig BM, Niu M (2009). “Practitioner empathy and the duration of the common cold”. Fam Med (7): 494–501. PMC: 2720820. PMID 19582635. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/19582635/.
^Rakel D, Barrett B, Zhang Z, et al. (December 2011). “Perception of empathy in the therapeutic encounter: effects on the common cold”. Patient Educ Couns (3): 390–7. doi:10.1016/j.pec.2011.01.009. PMC: 3107395. PMID 21300514. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/21300514/.
^Simasek M, Blandino DA (2007). “Treatment of the common cold”. American Family Physician75 (4): 515–20. PMID 17323712. http://www.aafp.org/afp/20070215/515.html.
^Eccles 2009, p. 218.
^GGoto M, Kawamura T, Shimbo T, Takahashi O, Ando M, Miyaki K, Nohara T, Watanabe H, Suzuki I, Aono M (2007). “Influence of loxoprofen use on recovery from naturally acquired upper respiratory tract infections: a randomized controlled trial”. Intern. Med.46 (15): 1179–86. PMID 17675766.
^Maggini S, Beveridge S, Suter M (2012). “A combination of high-dose vitamin C plus zinc for the common cold”. J. Int. Med. Res. (1): 28–42. doi:10.1177/147323001204000104. PMID 22429343.
^Singh M, Singh M, Jaiswal N, Chauhan A (August 2017). “Heated, humidified air for the common cold”. Cochrane Database Syst Re: CD001728. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001728.pub6. PMID 28849871. https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD001728.pub5/full.
^本山荻舟『飲食事典』平凡社、p124、昭和33年12月25日発行
^「病気を治す医学事典」p351 主婦の生活社 1999年12月6日1刷
^『最新 家庭の医学百科』p405 主婦と生活社、2003年
参考文献
大塚恭男『東洋医学』岩波書店〈岩波新書〉、1996年6月。ISBN 4004304482。
Ronald Eccles, Olaf Weber (eds) (2009), Common cold (Online-Ausg ed.), Basel: Birkhäuser, ISBN 978-3764398941, http://books.google.ca/books?id=rRIdiGE42IEC
…for the common cold are reviewed here. The epidemiology and clinical manifestations of colds are discussed separately. For most people and most colds, symptoms are self-limited. The common cold is usually …
…management and prevention of the common cold in children will be discussed here. The epidemiology, clinical features, and diagnosis of the common cold in children and the common cold in adults are discussed separately …
…throughout the industrialized world . The term "common cold" refers to a mild upper respiratory viral illness. The common cold is a separate and distinctly different entity than influenza, pharyngitis, acute …
…complications, and diagnosis of the common cold in children will be discussed here. The treatment and prevention of the common cold in children and the common cold in adults are discussed separately. …
…rhinovirus infections. More general discussions related to the "common cold" are found elsewhere. Rhinovirus is the etiologic agent of most common colds and is responsible for one-third to one-half of cases in …