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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2019/05/22 18:17:15」(JST)

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The uncus is an anterior extremity of the parahippocampal gyrus. It is separated from the apex of the temporal lobe by a slight fissure called the incisura temporalis.

Although superficially continuous with the hippocampal gyrus, the uncus forms morphologically a part of the rhinencephalon.

The term comes from the Latin word uncus, meaning hook, and it was coined by Félix Vicq-d'Azyr (1748–1794).^[1]

Clinical significance

The part of the olfactory cortex that is on the temporal lobe covers the area of the uncus, which leads into the two significant clinical aspects of the uncus: uncinate fits and uncal herniations.

Seizures, often preceded by hallucinations of disagreeable odors, often originate in the uncus.
In situations of tumor, hemorrhage, or edema, increased pressure within the cranial cavity, especially if the mass is in the middle fossa, can push the uncus over the tentorial notch against the brainstem and its corresponding cranial nerves and can result in a brain herniation. If the uncus becomes herniated the structure lying just medial to it, cranial nerve III, can become compressed. This causes problems associated with a non-functional or problematic CN III - the pupil on the ipsilateral side fails to constrict to light and absence of medial/superior movement of the orbit, resulting in a fixed, dilated pupil and an eye with a characteristic "down and out" position due to dominance of the abducens and trochlear nerves. Further pressure on the midbrain results in progressive lethargy, coma and death due to compression of the mesencephalic reticular activating system. Brainstem damage is typically ipsilateral to the herniation, although the contralateral cerebral peduncle may be pushed against the tentorial notch, resulting in a characteristic indentation known as Kernohan's notch and ipsilateral hemiparesis, since fibers running in the cerebral peduncle decussate (cross over) in the lower medulla to control muscle groups on the opposite side of the body.

The landmark that helps you find the amygdala on a coronal section of the brain.

Additional images

Position of uncus (red)
Basal view of a human brain
Scheme of rhinencephalon. (Uncus labeled at bottom right.)

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 826 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

^ JC Tamraz, YG Comair. Atlas of Regional Anatomy of the Brain Using MRI (2006), p 8.

External links

Uncus in the Brede Database at the Technical University of Denmark
http://www.neuroanatomy.wisc.edu/coursebook/neuro3(2).pdf

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

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Japanese Journal

The effect of olfactory stimulus in arresting uncinate fits

EFRON R.
Brain 79, 267-281, 1956
NAID 30024511285

「味覚障害」

Uncus
	Medial surface of left cerebral hemisphere. Uncus is shown in orange.
	Human brain inferior-medial view (Uncus is #5)
Identifiers
NeuroNames	40
TA	A14.1.09.235
FMA	74884
	Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy [edit on Wikidata]

　　[★]

英: taste disorder, dysgeusia
同: 味覚異常
関: 味覚、味盲 taste blindness、味覚消失 ageusia

病因

1. 舌乳頭の異常：鉄欠乏、亜鉛欠乏、ビタミンB12欠乏、シェーグレン症候群、およびこれらに起因する舌炎
2. 神経障害：顔面神経、舌咽神経、聴神経腫瘍、中枢神経障害
3. 精神障害(心因性を含む)
4. 代謝障害(腎不全、肝不全、糖尿病)
5. 薬剤性：ブシラミン、ペンタミジン、ACE阻害薬
6. 医原性：放射線照射
7. 生理的変化：加齢

DIF.424

舌：舌炎、口内炎
鼻：鼻炎、副鼻腔炎、花粉症
咽頭：扁桃炎、咽頭炎
歯　：齲歯、歯槽膿瘍
歯肉：試走炎
関節：顎関節症
神経：ベル麻痺、脳幹障害、uncinate fits

診断

濾紙ディスク法
電気味覚検査
血中微量金属定量

参考

味覚障害の疫学と臨床像 - 日本医師会雑誌 2014年3月号 p2617

主にZn欠乏について採り上げている

「fit」

　　[★]

adj.

適当な、ふさわしい。至当な、穏当な。(任に)耐えうる、適任の
(生物)(環境に対して)適応した、(生存)適者の
体調がよい、健康で
(いつでも～する)用意ができて、今にも～しそうな

vt.

～に適合する、合う、フィットする。～と調和/一致する、～に相応する

vi.

合う、びったりする、フィットする。(～に)収まる(into)。調和/適合する(in, with)。

n.

適合。(衣服などの)合いぐあい。体に合う衣服。(機械)(部品の)嵌め合い。(統計)適合度

関: accord, accordance, adequate, adequately, adjust, agree, agreement, apply, apt, coincide, coincidence, concert, concerted, concordance, concur, concurrent, conform, conformity, congruence, congruent, consensus, consistent, consonant, correspond, correspondence, corresponding, instrument, match, matching, proper, suit, true, unanimous, unity, wear

n.(病気の)発作。引きつけ、痙攣。(感情の)激発、一時的興奮、気まぐれ

[1] JC Tamraz, YG Comair. Atlas of Regional Anatomy of the Brain Using MRI (2006), p 8.

匿名

検索

案内

案内

uncinate fits