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do over; "They would like to take it over again" (同)take_over
an event that repeats; "the events today were a repeat of yesterdays" (同)repetition
to say again or imitate; "followers echoing the cries of their leaders" (同)echo
to say, state, or perform again; "She kept reiterating her request" (同)reiterate, ingeminate, iterate, restate, retell
executed with proper legal authority; "a binding contract"
the protective covering on the front, back, and spine of a book; "the book had a leather binding" (同)book binding, cover, back
strip sewn over or along an edge for reinforcement or decoration
the capacity to attract and hold something
any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells; consist of polymers of amino acids; essential in the diet of animals for growth and for repair of tissues; can be obtained from meat and eggs and milk and legumes; "a diet high in protein"

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/05/15 17:43:22」(JST)

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Telomeric repeat-binding factor 2 is a protein that is also known as TRF2 and TRBF2. It is in humans encoded by the TERF2 gene.^[1]^[2]

This gene encodes a telomere specific protein, TERF2, which is a component of the shelterin nucleoprotein complex. This protein is present at telomeres in metaphase of the cell cycle, is a second negative regulator of telomere length and plays a key role in the protective activity of telomeres. While having similar telomere binding activity and domain organization, TERF2 differs from TERF1 in that its N terminus is basic rather than acidic.^[3]

Interactions

TERF2 has been shown to interact with Ku70,^[4] TERF2IP,^[5]^[6]^[7] Werner syndrome ATP-dependent helicase,^[8] Rad50,^[5]^[7] Nibrin^[7] and MRE11A.^[7]

References

^ Broccoli D, Smogorzewska A, Chong L, de Lange T (November 1997). "Human telomeres contain two distinct Myb-related proteins, TRF1 and TRF2". Nat Genet 17 (2): 231–5. doi:10.1038/ng1097-231. PMID 9326950.
^ Sakaguchi AY, Padalecki SS, Mattern V, Rodriguez A, Leach RJ, McGill JR, Chavez M, Giambernardi TA (May 1999). "Chromosomal sublocalization of the transcribed human telomere repeat binding factor 2 gene and comparative mapping in the mouse". Somat Cell Mol Genet 24 (3): 157–63. doi:10.1023/B:SCAM.0000007118.47691.d7. PMID 10226653.
^ "Entrez Gene: TERF2 telomeric repeat binding factor 2".
^ Song, K; Jung D, Jung Y, Lee S G, Lee I (September 2000). "Interaction of human Ku70 with TRF2". FEBS Lett. (NETHERLANDS) 481 (1): 81–5. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(00)01958-X. ISSN 0014-5793. PMID 10984620. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)
^ ^a ^b O'Connor, Matthew S; Safari Amin, Liu Dan, Qin Jun, Songyang Zhou (July 2004). "The human Rap1 protein complex and modulation of telomere length". J. Biol. Chem. (United States) 279 (27): 28585–91. doi:10.1074/jbc.M312913200. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 15100233. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)
^ Li, B; Oestreich S, de Lange T (May 2000). "Identification of human Rap1: implications for telomere evolution". Cell (UNITED STATES) 101 (5): 471–83. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80858-2. ISSN 0092-8674. PMID 10850490. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Zhu, X D; Küster B, Mann M, Petrini J H, de Lange T (July 2000). "Cell-cycle-regulated association of RAD50/MRE11/NBS1 with TRF2 and human telomeres". Nat. Genet. (UNITED STATES) 25 (3): 347–52. doi:10.1038/77139. ISSN 1061-4036. PMID 10888888. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)
^ Opresko, Patricia L; von Kobbe Cayetano, Laine Jean-Philippe, Harrigan Jeanine, Hickson Ian D, Bohr Vilhelm A (October 2002). "Telomere-binding protein TRF2 binds to and stimulates the Werner and Bloom syndrome helicases". J. Biol. Chem. (United States) 277 (43): 41110–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M205396200. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 12181313. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)

Bilaud T, Koering CE, Binet-Brasselet E, et al. (1996). "The telobox, a Myb-related telomeric DNA binding motif found in proteins from yeast, plants and human.". Nucleic Acids Res. 24 (7): 1294–303. doi:10.1093/nar/24.7.1294. PMC 145771. PMID 8614633.
Bilaud T, Brun C, Ancelin K, et al. (1997). "Telomeric localization of TRF2, a novel human telobox protein.". Nat. Genet. 17 (2): 236–9. doi:10.1038/ng1097-236. PMID 9326951.
van Steensel B, Smogorzewska A, de Lange T (1998). "TRF2 protects human telomeres from end-to-end fusions.". Cell 92 (3): 401–13. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80932-0. PMID 9476899.
Griffith JD, Comeau L, Rosenfield S, et al. (1999). "Mammalian telomeres end in a large duplex loop.". Cell 97 (4): 503–14. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80760-6. PMID 10338214.
Teichmann M, Wang Z, Martinez E, et al. (2000). "Human TATA-binding protein-related factor-2 (hTRF2) stably associates with hTFIIA in HeLa cells.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96 (24): 13720–5. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.24.13720. PMC 24131. PMID 10570139.
Smogorzewska A, van Steensel B, Bianchi A, et al. (2000). "Control of human telomere length by TRF1 and TRF2.". Mol. Cell. Biol. 20 (5): 1659–68. doi:10.1128/MCB.20.5.1659-1668.2000. PMC 85349. PMID 10669743.
Li B, Oestreich S, de Lange T (2000). "Identification of human Rap1: implications for telomere evolution.". Cell 101 (5): 471–83. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80858-2. PMID 10850490.
Zhu XD, Küster B, Mann M, et al. (2000). "Cell-cycle-regulated association of RAD50/MRE11/NBS1 with TRF2 and human telomeres.". Nat. Genet. 25 (3): 347–52. doi:10.1038/77139. PMID 10888888.
Song K, Jung D, Jung Y, et al. (2000). "Interaction of human Ku70 with TRF2.". FEBS Lett. 481 (1): 81–5. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(00)01958-X. PMID 10984620.
Song K, Jung Y, Jung D, Lee I (2001). "Human Ku70 interacts with heterochromatin protein 1alpha.". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (11): 8321–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.M008779200. PMID 11112778.
Fairall L, Chapman L, Moss H, et al. (2001). "Structure of the TRFH dimerization domain of the human telomeric proteins TRF1 and TRF2.". Mol. Cell 8 (2): 351–61. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(01)00321-5. PMID 11545737.
Bailey SM, Cornforth MN, Kurimasa A, et al. (2001). "Strand-specific postreplicative processing of mammalian telomeres.". Science 293 (5539): 2462–5. doi:10.1126/science.1062560. PMID 11577237.
Karlseder J, Smogorzewska A, de Lange T (2002). "Senescence induced by altered telomere state, not telomere loss.". Science 295 (5564): 2446–9. doi:10.1126/science.1069523. PMID 11923537.
Mignon-Ravix C, Depetris D, Delobel B, et al. (2002). "A human interstitial telomere associates in vivo with specific TRF2 and TIN2 proteins.". Eur. J. Hum. Genet. 10 (2): 107–12. doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200775. PMID 11938440.
Ancelin K, Brunori M, Bauwens S, et al. (2002). "Targeting assay to study the cis functions of human telomeric proteins: evidence for inhibition of telomerase by TRF1 and for activation of telomere degradation by TRF2.". Mol. Cell. Biol. 22 (10): 3474–87. doi:10.1128/MCB.22.10.3474-3487.2002. PMC 133804. PMID 11971978.
Opresko PL, von Kobbe C, Laine JP, et al. (2002). "Telomere-binding protein TRF2 binds to and stimulates the Werner and Bloom syndrome helicases.". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (43): 41110–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M205396200. PMID 12181313.
Chagnon P, Michaud J, Mitchell G, et al. (2003). "A missense mutation (R565W) in cirhin (FLJ14728) in North American Indian childhood cirrhosis.". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 71 (6): 1443–9. doi:10.1086/344580. PMC 378590. PMID 12417987.
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.

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English Journal

Molecular characterization of collaborator of ARF (CARF) as a DNA damage response and cell cycle checkpoint regulatory protein.

Singh R1, Kalra RS1, Hasan K1, Kaul Z2, Cheung CT1, Huschtscha L3, Reddel RR3, Kaul SC4, Wadhwa R5.
Experimental cell research.Exp Cell Res.2014 Apr 1;322(2):324-34. doi: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.01.022. Epub 2014 Jan 28.
CARF is an ARF-binding protein that has been shown to regulate the p53-p21-HDM2 pathway. CARF overexpression was shown to cause growth arrest of human cancer cells and premature senescence of normal cells through activation of the p53 pathway. Because replicative senescence involves permanent withdr
PMID 24485912

TRF2-tethered TIN2 can mediate telomere protection by TPP1/POT1.

Frescas D1, de Lange T.
Molecular and cellular biology.Mol Cell Biol.2014 Apr;34(7):1349-62. doi: 10.1128/MCB.01052-13. Epub 2014 Jan 27.
The shelterin protein TIN2 is required for the telomeric accumulation of TPP1/POT1 heterodimers and for the protection of telomeres by the POT1 proteins (POT1a and POT1b in the mouse). TIN2 also binds to TRF1 and TRF2, improving the telomeric localization of TRF2 and its function. Here, we ask wheth
PMID 24469404

TRF1 and TRF2 use different mechanisms to find telomeric DNA but share a novel mechanism to search for protein partners at telomeres.

Lin J1, Countryman P, Buncher N, Kaur P, E L, Zhang Y, Gibson G, You C, Watkins SC, Piehler J, Opresko PL, Kad NM, Wang H.
Nucleic acids research.Nucleic Acids Res.2014 Feb;42(4):2493-504. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkt1132. Epub 2013 Nov 22.
Human telomeres are maintained by the shelterin protein complex in which TRF1 and TRF2 bind directly to duplex telomeric DNA. How these proteins find telomeric sequences among a genome of billions of base pairs and how they find protein partners to form the shelterin complex remains uncertain. Using
PMID 24271387

Japanese Journal

A Novel Pair of Terminal Protein and Telomere-Associated Protein for Replication of the Linear Chromosome of Streptomyces griseus IFO13350

SUZUKI Hirokazu,MARUSHIMA Kazuya,OHNISHI Yasuo,HORINOUCHI Sueharu
Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry 72(11), 2973-2980, 2008-11-23
… The linear chromosome of Streptomyces griseus IFO13350 contains not only atypical telomere sequences but also probable pseudogenes for two typical telomeric proteins. … Two identical operons (SGR98t-SGR97t near one telomere and SGR7041t-SGR7042t near the other telomere) in the terminal inverted repeat sequence were predicted to encode a novel pair of telomeric proteins. …
NAID 10027534196

<集談会記録>ヒト胃癌におけるテロメア関連因子およびDNA修復酵素の発現 : ヒト胃癌におけるTRF1,TRF2およびTIN2の発現解析ヒト胃癌におけるMRE11 complex(MRE11,Rad50,NBS1)およびhRAP1の発現解析(学位論文抄録)

松谷憲政
広島大学医学雑誌 50(2), 95, 2002-04-28
NAID 110000210212

「テロメア反復結合タンパク質2」

Telomeric repeat binding factor 2
	; PDB rendering based on 1h6p.
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	1H6P, 1VF9, 1VFC, 1W0U, 1XG1, 3BU8, 3BUA, 3K6G, 3SJM, 4M7C
Identifiers
Symbols	TERF2 ; TRBF2; TRF2
External IDs	OMIM: 602027 MGI: 1195972 HomoloGene: 4133 GeneCards: TERF2 Gene
Gene ontology
Molecular function	• chromatin binding; • double-stranded telomeric DNA binding; • protein binding; • protein C-terminus binding; • telomeric DNA binding; • protein homodimerization activity;
Cellular component	• chromosome, telomeric region; • nuclear telomere cap complex; • male germ cell nucleus; • nucleus; • nucleoplasm; • nucleolus; • cytoplasm; • Golgi apparatus; • Mre11 complex;
Biological process	• telomere maintenance; • age-dependent telomere shortening; • in utero embryonic development; • telomere maintenance via telomerase; • cell cycle; • telomere maintenance via telomere shortening; • telomere capping; • telomeric loop formation; • protection from non-homologous end joining at telomere; • negative regulation of telomere maintenance; • positive regulation of telomere maintenance; • negative regulation of telomere maintenance via semi-conservative replication; • protein localization to chromosome, telomeric region; • cellular senescence;
	Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
	More reference expression data
Orthologs
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