soft spot

　

WordNet

1. a sentimental affection; "she had a soft spot for her youngest son"
2. mark with a spot or spots so as to allow easy recognition; "spot the areas that one should clearly identify"
3. a small piece or quantity of something; "a spot of tea"; "a bit of paper"; "a bit of lint"; "I gave him a bit of my mind" (同)bit
4. a small contrasting part of something; "a bald spot"; "a leopards spots"; "a patch of clouds"; "patches of thin ice"; "a fleck of red" (同)speckle, dapple, patch, fleck, maculation
5. a business establishment for entertainment; "night spot"
6. a playing card with a specified number of pips on it to indicate its value; "an eight-spot"
7. a mark on a die or on a playing card (shape depending on the suit) (同)pip
8. a section of an entertainment that is assigned to a specific performer or performance; "they changed his spot on the program"
9. a short section or illustration (as between radio or tv programs or in a magazine) that is often used for advertising
10. make a spot or mark onto; "The wine spotted the tablecloth" (同)fleck, blob, blot
11. detect with the senses; "The fleeing convicts were picked out of the darkness by the watchful prison guards"; "I cant make out the faces in this photograph" (同)recognize, recognise, distinguish, discern, pick out, make_out, tell apart
12. become spotted; "This dress spots quickly"
13. yielding readily to pressure or weight
14. (of light) transmitted from a broad light source or reflected (同)diffuse, diffused
15. out of condition; not strong or robust; incapable of exertion or endurance; "he was too soft for the army"; "flabby around the middle"; "flaccid cheeks" (同)flabby, flaccid
16. not brilliant or glaring; "the moon cast soft shadows"; "soft pastel colors"; "subdued lighting" (同)subdued
17. (of a commodity or market or currency) falling or likely to fall in value; "the market for computers is soft"
18. (of sound) relatively low in volume; "soft voices"; "soft music"
19. (of speech sounds); produced with the back of the tongue raised toward the hard palate; characterized by a hissing or hushing sound (as `s and `sh'
20. compassionate and kind; conciliatory; "he was soft on his children"
21. not protected against attack (especially by nuclear weapons); "soft targets"
22. using evidence not readily amenable to experimental verification or refutation; "soft data"; "the soft sciences"
23. willing to negotiate and compromise
24. to a very great extent or degree; "the idea is so obvious"; "never been so happy"; "I love you so"; "my head aches so!"
25. (usually followed by `that'
26. in a manner that facilitates; "he observed the snakes so he could describe their behavior"; "he stooped down so he could pick up his hat"
27. in such a condition or manner, especially as expressed or implied; "Theyre happy and I hope they will remain so"; "so live your life that old age will bring no regrets"
28. in the same way; also; "I was offended and so was he"; "worked hard and so did she"
29. to a certain unspecified extent or degree; "I can only go so far with this student"; "can do only so much in a day"

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 『斑点』(はんてん),まだら,ぶち;(太陽の)黒点 / 『しみ』,よごれ;吹出物,にきび / (…に対する)汚名,汚点《+『on』+『名』》 / 『場所』,地点;部分,箇所 / (順序・組織における)位置;立場,おかれた状況 / 《a spot》《英話》(…の)少量,ちょっぴり(の…);(…の)1杯《+『of』+『名』》 / (ラジオ・テレビ番組の)構成区分 / …‘を'『しみで汚す』,‘に'汚れをつける;…‘に'斑点(はんてん)をつける,‘を'まだら(ぶち)にする;( …で)…‘に'しみ(斑点)をつける《+『名』+『with』+『名』》 / 〈人格・名声など〉‘を'汚す,傷つける / (特定の場所に)…‘を'置く,配置する / …‘を'見つける;(…だと)…‘を'見抜く《+『名』+『as』(『for』)+『名』》 / 〈インクなどが〉『しみになる』;〈布などが〉汚れる / 即座になされる,即時払いの(引き渡しの) / 現場での,現地の / (ラジオ・テレビで)番組の間に放送される / ちょうど,ぴったり(exactly)
2. (押されて形を変えるほど)『柔らかい』 / (木材・金属などが,同種の中で比較的)『柔らかい』 / (斤ざわりの)なめらかな,すべすべした / (声・音が)穏やかな,低い,静かな / (見た目に)どぎつくない,落ち着いた / (天候・気候が)穏やかな,温和な / (心・言動が)優しい,もの柔らかな / (体または精神などが)軟弱な,虚弱な / (市況・相場が)弱気の,下がり気味の / (水が)軟性の / (水音が)軟音の / アルコール分を含まない / 柔らかに / 静かに
3. 《様態の指示》『そういうふうに』,『そのように』・《補語に用いて》『そのようで』,そうで・《程度》『それほど』,そんなに・《強意として》《話》『非常に』,『とても』,たいへん・《前に述べたことの内容に対する同意を表して;「so+主語+[助]動詞」》『その通りで』,『本当に』,確かに,おっしゃるとおり・《肯定文を受けて;「so+[助]動詞+主語」の語順で》…『もまた』,『も同様に』・《as~, so…で》~と同じように…,(~のように)そのように・《目的を表して》…『するように』・《理由・結果を表して》『その結果』,それで・《文・節の頭に用いて》『それで』,だから・《驚き・賛成・嫌悪・疑いなどを表して》そうか,そうなんだ,どうかな,まさか・それでよし
4. =sol

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/10/28 05:51:50」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

This article is about the human anatomical feature. For other uses, see Fontanelle (disambiguation).

"Soft spot" redirects here. For the Clem Snide album, see Soft Spot.

Fontanelle
The skull at birth, showing the anterior and posterior fontanelles.
The skull at birth, showing the lateral fontanelles.
Details
Identifiers
Latin	fonticuli cranii
TA	A02.1.00.027
FMA	75437
Anatomical terminology

A fontanelle (or fontanel) (colloquially, soft spot) is an anatomical feature of the infant human skull comprising any of the soft membranous gaps (sutures) between the cranial bones that make up the calvaria of a fetus or an infant. Fontanelles allow for rapid stretching and deformation of the neurocranium as the brain expands faster than the surrounding bone can grow. Premature complete ossification of the sutures is called craniosynostosis.

After infancy, the anterior fontanelle is known as the bregma.

Structure

The skull of a baby consists of five main bones: two frontal bones, two parietal bones, and one occipital bone. These are joined by fibrous sutures, which allow movement that facilitates childbirth and brain growth.

• Posterior fontanelle is triangle-shaped. It lies at the junction between the sagittal suture and lambdoid suture. At birth, the skull features a small posterior fontanelle with an open area covered by a tough membrane, where the two parietal bones adjoin the occipital bone (at the lambda). The posterior fontanelles ossify within 2 or 3 months after birth. This is called intramembranous ossification. The mesenchymal connective tissue turns into bone tissue.
• Anterior fontanelle is a diamond-shaped membrane-filled space located between the two frontal and two parietal bones of the developing fetal skull. It persists until approximately 18 months after birth. It is at the junction of the coronal suture and sagittal suture. The fetal anterior fontanelle may be palpated until 18 months. In cleidocranial dysostosis, however, it is often late in closing or may never close. Examination of an infant includes palpating the anterior fontanelle.
• Two smaller fontanelles are located on each side of the head, more anteriorly the sphenoidal or anterolateral fontanelle (between the sphenoid, parietal, temporal, and frontal bones) and more posteriorly the mastoid or posterolateral fontanelle (between the temporal, occipital, and parietal bones).

During birth, fontanelles enable the bony plates of the skull to flex, allowing the child's head to pass through the birth canal. The ossification of the bones of the skull causes the anterior fontanelle to close over by 9 to 18 months. The sphenoidal and posterior fontanelles close during the first few months of life. The closures eventually form the sutures of the neurocranium. Other than the anterior and posterior fontanelles, the mastoid fontanelle and the sphenoidal fontanelle are also significant.

Closure

In humans, the sequence of fontanelle closure is as follows:

1. The posterior fontanelle generally closes 2 to 3 months after birth;
2. The sphenoidal fontanelle is the next to close around 6 months after birth;
3. The mastoid fontanelle closes next from 6 to 18 months after birth; and
4. The anterior fontanelle is generally the last to close between 18–24 months.

Clinical significance

The fontanelle may pulsate, and although the precise cause of this is not known, it is perfectly normal and seems to echo the heartbeat, perhaps via the arterial pulse within the brain vasculature, or in the meninges. This pulsating action is how the soft spot got its name – fontanelle is borrowed from the old French word fontenele, which is a diminutive of fontaine, meaning "spring". It is assumed that the term spring is used because of the analogy of the dent in a rock or earth where a spring arises.

Parents may worry that their infant may be more prone to injury at the fontanelles. In fact, although they may colloquially be called "soft-spots", the membrane covering the fontanelles is extremely tough and difficult to penetrate.

Fontanelles allow the infant brain to be imaged using ultrasonography. Once they are closed, most of the brain is inaccessible to ultrasound imaging, because the bony skull presents an acoustic barrier.

Disease

Fontanelles – bulging

A very tense or bulging anterior fontanelle indicates raised intracranial pressure. Increased cranial pressure in infants may cause the fontanelles to bulge or the head to begin to enlarge abnormally. It can occur due to:

• Encephalitis – swelling (inflammation) of the brain, most often due to infections
• Hydrocephalus – a buildup of fluid inside the skull
• Meningitis—infection of the membranes covering the brain

Fontanelles – sunken

A sunken (also called "depressed") fontanelle indicates dehydration or malnutrition.

Baby anterior fontanelle 1 month

Fontanelles – enlarged

The fontanelles may be enlarged, may be slow to close or may never close most commonly due to causes like:

• Down syndrome
• Hydrocephalus
• Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)
• Premature birth

Rarer causes include:

• Achondroplasia
• Apert syndrome
• Cleidocranial dysostosis
• Congenital rubella
• Neonatal hypothyroidism
• Osteogenesis imperfecta
• Rickets

In other animals

In apes the fontanelles fuse soon after birth. In chimpanzees the anterior fontanelle is fully closed by 3 months of age.

In dogs

One of the more serious problems that can affect canines is known as an "open fontanelle," which occurs when the skull bones at the top of the head fail to close. The problem is often found in conjunction with hydrocephalus, which is a condition in which too much fluid is found within and around the brain, placing pressure on the brain and surrounding tissues. Often the head will appear dome-shaped, and the open fontanelle is noticeable as a "soft spot" on the top of the dog's head. The fluid-filled spaces within the brain, known as ventricles, also become swollen. The increased pressure damages or prevents the development of brain tissue.

Not all open fontanelles are connected with hydrocephalus. In many young dogs the skull bones are not fused at birth, but instead will close slowly over a three- to six-month period. Occasionally these bones fail to close, but the dog is still healthy. In these cases, however, the dog's owners need to be very careful, since any injury or bumps to the animal's head could cause significant brain damage, as well as conditions like epilepsy.

Additional images

• Fontanelle.

• Anterior fontanelle.

• Cranial sutures shown from top of head.

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

• 1. 軟部および骨肉腫の病原因子 pathogenetic factors in soft tissue and bone sarcomas
• 2. 上顆炎（テニス肘およびゴルフ肘） epicondylitis tennis and golf elbow
• 3. 神経線維腫症I型（NF1）：病因、臨床的特徴、および診断 neurofibromatosis type 1 nf1 pathogenesis clinical features and diagnosis
• 4. 注入可能軟部組織充填剤：臨床的使用の概要 injectable soft tissue fillers overview of clinical use
• 5. 壊死性軟部組織感染症 necrotizing soft tissue infections

English Journal

• Direct evidence of plastic events and dynamic heterogeneities in soft-glasses.

• Benzi R1, Sbragaglia M, Perlekar P, Bernaschi M, Succi S, Toschi F.
• Soft matter.Soft Matter.2014 Jun 11;10(26):4615-24. doi: 10.1039/c4sm00348a.
• By using fluid-kinetic simulations of confined and concentrated emulsion droplets, we investigate the nature of space non-homogeneity in soft-glassy dynamics and provide quantitative measurements of the statistical features of plastic events in the proximity of the yield-stress threshold. Above the
• PMID 24827455

• Assessment of Lead Exposure in Waterfowl Species, Korea.

• Kim J1, Oh JM.
• Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology.Arch Environ Contam Toxicol.2014 May 23. [Epub ahead of print]
• Lead concentrations were analyzed in white-fronted geese (Anser albifrons, n = 15), mallards (Anas platyrhynchos, n = 4), and spot-billed ducks (A. poecilorhyncha, n = 13) found dead near Gimpo, Korea, to determine tissue- and species-specific lead concentration differences and to assess the e
• PMID 24854704

• Transplastomic Nicotiana benthamiana plants expressing multiple defence genes encoding protease inhibitors and chitinase display broad-spectrum resistance against insects, pathogens and abiotic stresses.

• Chen PJ1, Senthilkumar R, Jane WN, He Y, Tian Z, Yeh KW.
• Plant biotechnology journal.Plant Biotechnol J.2014 May;12(4):503-15. doi: 10.1111/pbi.12157. Epub 2014 Jan 30.
• Plastid engineering provides several advantages for the next generation of transgenic technology, including the convenient use of transgene stacking and the generation of high expression levels of foreign proteins. With the goal of generating transplastomic plants with multiresistance against both p
• PMID 24479648

Japanese Journal

• Identification of Season-Dependent Sightseeing Spots Based on Metadata-Derived Features and Image Processing (Selected Papers from The 6th International Conference on Soft Computing and Intelligent Systems and The 13th International Symposium on Advanced Intelligent Systems (SCIS&ISIS2012))

• Chen Chia-Huang,Takama Yasufumi
• Journal of advanced computational intelligence and intelligent informatics 18(3), 353-360, 2014-05
• NAID 40020110836

• A New Lionfish of the Genus Dendrochirus (Scorpaenidae: Pteroinae) from the Tuamotu Archipelago, South Pacific Ocean

• Matsunuma Mizuki,Motomura Hiroyuki
• Species diversity : an international journal for taxonomy, systematics, speciation, biogeography, and life history research of animals 18(1), 1-7, 2013-05-25
• … The new species is similar to a Hawaiian endemic congener, Dendrochirus barberi (Steindachner, 1900), in having nine dorsal-fin soft rays, five anal-fin soft rays, relatively high counts (more than 18) of pectoral-fin rays, fewer than two tentacles on the snout tip, and no large, ocellated spot on the soft-rayed portion of the dorsal fin. …
• NAID 110009614922

• Record of the Armored Searobin Peristedion barbiger (Garman, 1899) (Actinopterygii: Teleostei: Peristediidae) off Peru with Taxonomic Notes

• Tenda Miki,Kawai Toshio
• Species diversity : an international journal for taxonomy, systematics, speciation, biogeography, and life history research of animals 17(2), 135-144, 2012-11-25
• … The species is diagnosed as having 16-19 dorsal-fin soft rays; … and a large black spot on the spinous portion of the dorsal fin. …
• NAID 110009561654

Related Links

• 風俗街道まっしぐら

風俗街道まっしぐら！そんなあなたに風俗体験談をお届け！ ... かなり久しぶりに風俗に行きました。あまりにも久しぶりだったのもあって、自分自身かなり敏感になっていました。

• Soft spot - definition of soft spot by The Free Dictionary

soft spot n. 1. A tender or sentimental feeling: has a soft spot for stray animals. 2. A weak or vulnerable point: a soft spot in the nation's defense strategy. 3. See fontanel. soft spot n 1. a sentimental fondness (esp in the phrase have a soft spot for

Related Pictures

---

★リンクテーブル★

関連記事	「so」「spot」「soft」

「so」

　　[★]

• so ... as to do

• [程度・結果]～するほどに…な

Weight loss is common and may be so severe as to suggest a hiden malignant tumor.

dysplasia may range from mild to so severe as to represent transformation to carcinoma.

• [(…)するよう(な具合)に…

関

because、consequently、since、therefore、thus

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「spot」

　　[★]

• n.

• 点、斑点、局所、スポット

関

dot、local、locoregional、mottle、point、regional、stigma、stigmata

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「soft」

　　[★]

• adj.

• (比較級softer-最上級softest)柔らかい、ソフトな