WordNet

place at intervals; "Space the interviews so that you have some time between the different candidates"
an empty area (usually bounded in some way between things); "the architect left space in front of the building"; "they stopped at an open space in the jungle"; "the space between his teeth"
the unlimited expanse in which everything is located; "they tested his ability to locate objects in space"; "the boundless regions of the infinite" (同)infinite
a blank character used to separate successive words in writing or printing; "he said the space is the most important character in the alphabet" (同)blank
a blank area; "write your name in the space provided" (同)blank space, place
an area reserved for some particular purpose; "the laboratorys floor space"
one of the areas between or below or above the lines of a musical staff; "the spaces are the notes F-A-C-E"
the time between occurrences of a repeating event; "some women do not control the spacing of their children"
the property possessed by an array of things that have space between them (同)spatial_arrangement
arranged with spaces between; often used as a combining form; "widely spaced eyes"

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉『空間』,広がり / 〈U〉『宇宙』,地球の大気圏外(outer space) / 〈C〉〈U〉『間隔』,距離;《しばしば複数形で》空地 / 〈C〉(特定目的のための)『場所』 / 〈U〉《しばしばa~》時間 / 〈C〉〈U〉スペース,余白,余地 / 〈C〉線間(譜表において五線の間の部分) / …‘を'間隔をおいて配置する《+『out』+『名,』+『名』+『out』》
スペースをあけること,間隔をとること / (印刷された行・語・文の)スペース,間隔
鉱泉,温泉 / 温泉場

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/08/15 17:05:49」(JST)

wiki en

The retroperitoneal space (retroperitoneum) is the anatomical space (sometimes a potential space) in the abdominal cavity behind (retro) the peritoneum. It has no specific delineating anatomical structures. Organs are retroperitoneal if they have peritoneum on their anterior side only. Structures that are not suspended by mesentery in the abdominal cavity and that lie between the parietal peritoneum and abdominal wall are classified as retroperitoneal.^[1]

The retroperitoneum can be further subdivided into the following:^[2]

Perirenal space
Anterior pararenal space
Posterior pararenal space

Retroperitoneal structures

Structures that lie behind the peritoneum are termed "retroperitoneal". Organs that were once suspended within the abdominal cavity by mesentery but migrated posterior to the peritoneum during the course of embryogenesis to become retroperitoneal are considered to be secondarily retroperitoneal organs.

Primarily retroperitoneal:
- urinary
  - adrenal glands
  - kidneys
  - ureter

- circulatory
  - aorta
  - inferior vena cava
- digestive
  - esophagus (thoracic part, part inside abdominal cavity is intraperitoneal)
  - rectum (part, lower third is extraperitoneal)

Secondarily retroperitoneal:
- the head, neck, and body of the pancreas (but not the tail, which is located in the splenorenal ligament)^[3]
- the duodenum, except for the proximal first segment, which is intraperitoneal^[4]
- ascending and descending portions of the colon (but not the transverse colon, sigmoid or the cecum)

A useful mnemonic to aid recollection of the abdominal retroperitoneal viscera is SAD PUCKER, or DUKE CRAPS:

S = Suprarenal glands (aka the adrenal glands)
A = Aorta/IVC
D = Duodenum (second and third segments [some also include the fourth segment] )
P = Pancreas (only head, neck, and body are retroperitoneal)
U = Ureters
C = Colon (only the ascending and descending colons, as transverse and sigmoid retain mesocolon)
K = Kidneys
E = Esophagus
R = Rectum

Another mnemonic going along with SAD PUCKER is 112 212111, this correlating to which ones are Primarily (1) or Secondarily (2) Retroperitoneal. Alternatively, PADD (Pancreas, Ascending colon, Descending colon, Duodenum) can be used to remember which structures are secondarily retroperitoneal.

Perirenal Space

Bounded by the anterior and posterior leafs of the renal fascia. It contains the following structures:

Adrenal gland
Kidney
Renal vessels

Anterior pararenal space

Bounded by the posterior layer of peritoneum and the anterior leaf of the renal fascia. It contains the following structures:

Pancreas
Ascending and descending colon
Retroperitoneal duodenum

Posterior pararenal space

Bounded by the posterior leaf of the renal fascia and the muscles of the posterior abdominal wall. It contains only fat.

Role in disease

Retroperitoneal fibrosis
Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection
Retroperitoneal hemorrhage

References

^ Gray's Anatomy for Students, 2nd Ed. 2010. Pg. 251
^ Ryan, Stephanie; McNicholas, Michelle; Eustace, Stephen (2004). Anatomy for Diagnostic Imaging. Sydney: Saunders. p. 191. ISBN 978-0-7020-2620-1.
^ Kyung Won, PhD. Chung (2005). Gross Anatomy (Board Review). Hagerstown, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 256. ISBN 0-7817-5309-0.
^ K. L. Moore, A. F. Dalley, A. M. R. Agur (2005). Clinically Oriented Anatomy. Hagerstown, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 1209. ISBN 0-7817-3639-0.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 後腹膜軟部組織肉腫の臨床的特徴、評価、および治療 clinical features evaluation and treatment of retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcoma
2. 深頸部の感染症 deep neck space infections
3. 経皮的冠動脈形成術を受けた患者における周術期出血 periprocedural bleeding in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention
4. ERCP後穿孔 post ercp perforation
5. 産科学的分娩により生じた血腫のマネージメント management of hematomas incurred as a result of obstetrical delivery

English Journal

A benign psoas teratoma of the non-pelvic retroperitoneal space: A case report.

Durand P, Malone A, Courtney D.SourceMedical Education, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
Clinical anatomy (New York, N.Y.).Clin Anat.2013 Jul;26(5):638-40. doi: 10.1002/ca.22190. Epub 2013 Jan 21.
This case report is of a benign retroperitoneal teratoma which was adherent to the psoas muscle of a 53-year-old female cadaver with a history of metastatic bladder cancer as a cause of death. Teratomas possess derivatives of all three germ cell layers and are usually seen either in children or in t
PMID 23339101

Lymphovascular space involvement is the sole independent predictor of lymph node metastasis in clinical early stage endometrial cancer.

Vaizoglu F, Yuce K, Salman MC, Basaran D, Calis P, Ozgul N, Usubutun A.SourceDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
Archives of gynecology and obstetrics.Arch Gynecol Obstet.2013 Jun 14. [Epub ahead of print]
PURPOSE: To determine clinicopathological risk factors associated with lymph node metastasis in endometrial cancer (EC).METHODS: Clinicopathological data of patients who underwent comprehensive surgical staging for clinical early stage EC between 2001 and 2010 at Hacettepe University Hospital was re
PMID 23764931

Suction test to demonstrate the peritoneal edge during laparoscopic extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair.

Nahm C, Free J, Gananadha S, Hugh TJ, Samra JS.SourceUpper Gastrointestinal Surgical Unit, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia, chrisnahm@gmail.com.
Surgical endoscopy.Surg Endosc.2013 Jun 11. [Epub ahead of print]
INTRODUCTION: Inadequate peritoneal dissection from retroperitoneal structures may account for a large number of hernia recurrences amongst surgeons and trainees who are new to totally extraperitoneal (TEP) laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair. In this paper, we describe a simple dynamic test that al
PMID 23754452

Japanese Journal

後腹膜multicentric Castleman diseaseの1例 (特集泌尿器最新症例集2012)

木藤雅文,安田剛,浦田譲治 [他]
臨床放射線 57(7), 896-899, 2012-07
NAID 40019380940

Treatment strategies for well-differentiated liposarcomas and therapeutic outcomes

Yamamoto Norio,Hayashi Katsuhiro,Tanzawa Yoshikazu,Kimura Hiroaki,Takeuchi Akihiko,Igarashi Kentaro,Inatani Hiroyuki,Shimozaki. Shingo,Kitamura Seiko,Tsuchiya Hiroyuki
Anticancer Research 32(5), 1821-1826, 2012-05
… Only one patient had recurrence among patients who underwent initial surgery, and the recurrence was localised in the retroperitoneal space. …
NAID 120004442385

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「腹膜後隙」「後腹膜腔」
関連記事	「space」「SPACE」「retroperitoneal」「spacing」

「腹膜後隙」

Retroperitoneals space
	Transverse section, showing the relations of the capsule of the kidney. (Peritoneum is labeled at center right.)
	Human kidneys viewed from behind with spine removed
Latin	spatium retroperitoneale
MeSH	Retroperitoneal+Space
	Anatomical terminology