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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/07/04 18:04:12」(JST)

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The retroperitoneal space (retroperitoneum) is the anatomical space in the abdominal cavity behind (retro) the peritoneum. It has no specific delineating anatomical structures. Organs are retroperitoneal if they only have peritoneum on their anterior side. Structures which are not suspended by mesentary in the abdominal cavity and which lie between the parietal peritoneum and abdominal wall are classified as retroperitoneal.^[1]

The retroperitoneum can be further subdivided into the following^[2]:

Perirenal space
Anterior pararenal space
Posterior pararenal space

Retroperitoneal structures

Structures that lie behind the peritoneum are termed "retroperitoneal". Organs that were once suspended within the abdominal cavity by mesentery but migrated posterior to the peritoneum during the course of embryogenesis to become retroperitoneal are considered to be secondarily retroperitoneal organs.

Primarily retroperitoneal:
- urinary
  - adrenal glands
  - kidneys
  - ureter
  - bladder
- circulatory
  - aorta
  - inferior vena cava
- digestive
  - esophagus (part)
  - rectum (part, lower third is extraperitoneal)

Secondarily retroperitoneal:
- the head, neck, and body of the pancreas (but not the tail, which is located in the splenorenal ligament)^[3]
- the duodenum, except for the proximal first segment, which is intraperitoneal^[4]
- ascending and descending portions of the colon (but not the transverse colon or the cecum)

A useful mnemonic to aid recollection of the abdominal retroperitoneal viscera is SAD PUCKER, or DUKE CRAPS:

S = Suprarenal glands (aka the adrenal glands)
A = Aorta/IVC
D = Duodenum (second and third segments [some also include the fourth segment] )
P = Pancreas (tail is intraperitoneal)
U = Ureters
C = Colon (only the ascending and descending colons, as transverse and sigmoid retain mesocolon)
K = Kidneys
E = Esophagus
R = Rectum

Another mnemonic going along with SAD PUCKER is 112 212111, this correlating to which ones are Primarily (1) or Secondarily (2) Retroperitoneal.

Perirenal Space

Bounded by the anterior and posterior leafs of the renal fascia. It contains the following structures:

Adrenal gland
Kidney
Renal vessels

Anterior pararenal space

Bounded by the posterior layer of peritoneum and the anterior leaf of the renal fascia. It contains the following structures:

Pancreas
Ascending and descending colon
Retroperitoneal duodenum

Posterior pararenal space

Bounded by the posterior leaf of the renal fascia and the muscles of the posterior abdominal wall. It contains only fat.

Role in disease

Retroperitoneal fibrosis
Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection
Retroperitoneal hemorrhage

References

^ Gray's Anatomy for Students, 2nd Ed. 2010. Pg. 251
^ Ryan, Stephanie; McNicholas, Michelle; Eustace, Stephen (2004). Anatomy for Diagnostic Imaging. Sydney: Saunders. p. 191. ISBN 978-0-7020-2620-1.
^ Kyung Won, PhD. Chung (2005). Gross Anatomy (Board Review). Hagerstown, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 256. ISBN 0-7817-5309-0.
^ K. L. Moore, A. F. Dalley, A. M. R. Agur (2005). Clinically Oriented Anatomy. Hagerstown, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 1209. ISBN 0-7817-3639-0.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 後腹膜線維症の臨床症状および診断 clinical manifestations and diagnosis of retroperitoneal fibrosis
2. 後腹膜軟部組織肉腫の臨床的特徴、評価、および治療 clinical features evaluation and treatment of retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcoma
3. 後腹膜線維症の治療 treatment of retroperitoneal fibrosis
4. ERCP後穿孔 post ercp perforation
5. 副腎摘除術：最小侵襲手術（MIS）および従来の開腹手術 adrenalectomy minimally invasive surgery mis and traditional open procedures

English Journal

MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Outcome of adrenal sparing surgery in heritable pheochromocytoma.

Castinetti F1, Taieb D2, Henry JF2, Walz M2, Guerin C2, Brue T2, Conte-Devolx B2, Neumann HP2, Sebag F2.
European journal of endocrinology / European Federation of Endocrine Societies.Eur J Endocrinol.2016 Jan;174(1):R9-R18. doi: 10.1530/EJE-15-0549. Epub 2015 Aug 21.
The management of hereditary pheochromocytoma has drastically evolved in the last 20 years. Bilateral pheochromocytoma does not increase mortality in MEN2 or von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) mutation carriers who are followed regularly, but these mutations induce major morbidities if total bilateral adrenale
PMID 26297495

Major femoral vascular access complications after coronary diagnostic and interventional procedures: A Danish register study.

Dencker D1, Pedersen F2, Engstrøm T2, Køber L2, Højberg S3, Nielsen MB4, Schroeder TV5, Lönn L6.
International journal of cardiology.Int J Cardiol.2016 Jan 1;202:604-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.09.018. Epub 2015 Sep 26.
BACKGROUND: Vascular access complications after coronary angiography (CAG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are known to increase morbidity, prolong hospitalization and raise hospital costs. Therefore, risk factor identification and improvement of safety strategies for vascular managemen
PMID 26447671

Intracavitary contrast-enhanced ultrasound in abscess drainage - feasibility and clinical value.

Ignee A1, Jenssen C2, Cui XW1, Schuessler G1, Dietrich CF1.
Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology.Scand J Gastroenterol.2016 Jan;51(1):41-7. doi: 10.3109/00365521.2015.1066423. Epub 2015 Jul 11.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the usefulness of intracavitary-applied contrast-enhanced ultrasound (ICCEUS) with BR1 in ultrasound-guided puncture and drainage of abdominal and pelvic abscesses.MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 71 consecutive patients received ICCEUS after placement of a drainage catheter o
PMID 26166454

Japanese Journal

化学療法施行中に重症心筋梗塞を発症した後腹膜原発胚細胞腫の1例

泌尿器科紀要 = Acta urologica Japonica 62(9), 483-487, 2016-09
NAID 40020944366

専門医のための泌尿器科基本手術根治的腎摘除術 : 後腹膜到達法

臨床泌尿器科 = Japanese journal of clinical urology 70(10), 794-800, 2016-09
NAID 40020942623

症例両下肢浮腫にて発症した,IgG4関連疾患の関与が疑われた特発性後腹膜線維症による両側腸骨静脈狭窄に対し,ステント留置による血管内治療を施行した1例

呼吸と循環 64(8), 829-832, 2016-08
NAID 40020930614

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「腹膜後」「retroperitoneum」
拡張検索	「retroperitoneal fat」「retroperitoneal neoplasm」「retroperitoneal space」

「腹膜後」

Retroperitoneals space
	Transverse section, showing the relations of the capsule of the kidney. (Peritoneum is labeled at center right.)
	Human kidneys viewed from behind with spine removed
Latin	spatium retroperitoneale
MeSH	Retroperitoneal+Space