後腹膜
- 関
- retroperitoneal
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/08/24 11:41:18」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
| Retroperitoneal space |
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Transverse section, showing the relations of the capsule of the kidney. (Peritoneum is labeled at center right.)
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Human kidneys viewed from behind with spine removed
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| Details |
| Latin |
spatium retroperitoneale |
| Identifiers |
| MeSH |
A01.047.025.750 |
Dorlands
/Elsevier |
s_16/12746619 |
| TA |
A10.1.01.002 |
| FMA |
15080 |
| Anatomical terminology |
The retroperitoneal space (retroperitoneum) is the anatomical space (sometimes a potential space) in the abdominal cavity behind (retro) the peritoneum. It has no specific delineating anatomical structures. Organs are retroperitoneal if they have peritoneum on their anterior side only. Structures that are not suspended by mesentery in the abdominal cavity and that lie between the parietal peritoneum and abdominal wall are classified as retroperitoneal.[1]
The retroperitoneum can be further subdivided into the following:[2]
- Perirenal space
- Anterior pararenal space
- Posterior pararenal space
Contents
- 1 Retroperitoneal structures
- 2 Perirenal Space
- 3 Anterior pararenal space
- 4 Posterior pararenal space
- 5 Role in disease
- 6 See Also
- 7 References
Retroperitoneal structures
Structures that lie behind the peritoneum are termed "retroperitoneal". Organs that were once suspended within the abdominal cavity by mesentery but migrated posterior to the peritoneum during the course of embryogenesis to become retroperitoneal are considered to be secondarily retroperitoneal organs.
- Primarily retroperitoneal, meaning the structures were retroperitoneal during the entirety of development:
- urinary
- adrenal glands
- kidneys
- ureter
- circulatory
- digestive
- esophagus (thoracic part, part inside abdominal cavity is intraperitoneal)
- rectum (part, lower third is extraperitoneal)
- Secondarily retroperitoneal, meaning the structures initially were suspended in mesentery and later migrated behind the peritoneum during development:
- the head, neck, and body of the pancreas (but not the tail, which is located in the splenorenal ligament)[3]
- the duodenum, except for the proximal first segment, which is intraperitoneal[4]
- ascending and descending portions of the colon (but not the transverse colon, sigmoid or the cecum)
A useful mnemonic to aid recollection of the abdominal retroperitoneal viscera is SAD PUCKER:
- S = Suprarenal glands (aka the adrenal glands)
- A = Aorta/IVC
- D = Duodenum (second and third segments [some also include the fourth segment] )
- P = Pancreas (only head, neck, and body are retroperitoneal. The tail is intraperitoneal)
- U = Ureters
- C = Colon (only the ascending and descending colons, as transverse and sigmoid retain mesocolon)
- K = Kidneys
- E = Esophagus
- R = Rectum
Another mnemonic going along with SAD PUCKER is 112 212111, this correlating to which ones are Primarily (1) or Secondarily (2) Retroperitoneal. Alternatively, PADD (Pancreas, Ascending colon, Descending colon, Duodenum) can be used to remember which structures are secondarily retroperitoneal.
Perirenal Space
Bounded by the anterior and posterior leafs of the renal fascia. It contains the following structures:
- Adrenal gland
- Kidney
- Renal vessels
Anterior pararenal space
Bounded by the posterior layer of peritoneum and the anterior leaf of the renal fascia. It contains the following structures:
- Pancreas
- Ascending and descending colon
- Retroperitoneal duodenum
Posterior pararenal space
Bounded by the posterior leaf of the renal fascia and the muscles of the posterior abdominal wall. It contains only fat.
Role in disease
- Retroperitoneal fibrosis
- Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection
- Retroperitoneal hemorrhage
See Also
References
- ^ Gray's Anatomy for Students, 2nd Ed. 2010. Pg. 251
- ^ Ryan, Stephanie; McNicholas, Michelle; Eustace, Stephen (2004). Anatomy for Diagnostic Imaging. Sydney: Saunders. p. 191. ISBN 978-0-7020-2620-1.
- ^ Kyung Won, PhD. Chung (2005). Gross Anatomy (Board Review). Hagerstown, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 256. ISBN 0-7817-5309-0.
- ^ K. L. Moore, A. F. Dalley, A. M. R. Agur (2005). Clinically Oriented Anatomy. Hagerstown, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 1209. ISBN 0-7817-3639-0.
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Anatomy of the peritoneum and mesentery
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| General |
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| Abdominal |
From
ventral
mesentery |
- Lesser omentum
- Hepatoduodenal ligament
- Hepatogastric ligament
- Liver
- Coronary ligament
- (Left triangular ligament
- Right triangular ligament
- Hepatorenal ligament)
- Falciform ligament (Round ligament of liver and Ligamentum venosum in it, but not of it)
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From
dorsal
mesentery |
- Greater omentum
- Gastrophrenic ligament
- Gastrocolic ligament
- Gastrosplenic ligament
- Mesentery
- Transverse mesocolon
- Sigmoid mesocolon
- Mesoappendix
- Root of the mesentery
- Splenorenal ligament
- Phrenicocolic ligament
- Folds
- Umbilical folds
- Supravesical fossa
- Medial inguinal fossa
- Lateral umbilical fold
- Lateral inguinal fossa
- Ileocecal fold
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Abdominal
cavity |
- Greater sac
- Lesser sac
- Omental foramen
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| General |
- Cystohepatic triangle
- Hepatorenal recess of subhepatic space
- Abdominal wall
- Peritoneal recesses
- Paracolic gutters
- Paramesenteric gutters
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| Pelvic |
| Uterus/ovaries |
- Broad ligament of the uterus
- Mesovarium
- Mesosalpinx
- Mesometrium)
- Ovarian ligament
- Suspensory ligament of ovary
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| Recesses |
- Male
- Recto-vesical pouch
- Pararectal fossa
- Female
- Recto-uterine pouch
- Recto-uterine fold (Uterosacral ligament)
- Vesico-uterine pouch
- Ovarian fossa
- Paravesical fossa
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| Spaces |
- Extraperitoneal space
- Retroperitoneal space
- Retropubic space
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Index of digestion
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| Description |
- Anatomy
- Physiology
- Development
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| Disease |
- Congenital
- Neoplasms and cancer
- Inflammatory bowel disease
- Gluten sensitivity
- Other
- Symptoms and signs
- Blood tests
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| Treatment |
- Procedures
- Drugs
- anabolic steroids
- antacids
- diarrhoea and infection
- bile and liver
- functional gastrointestinal disorders
- laxatives
- peptic ulcer and reflux
- nausea and vomiting
- other
- Surgery
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Extranodal Castleman disease of the extremities: a case report and review of the literature.
- Eward WC1, DeWitt SB, Brigman BE, Kontogeorgakos V, Lagoo AS.
- Skeletal radiology.Skeletal Radiol.2014 Nov;43(11):1627-31. doi: 10.1007/s00256-014-1945-z. Epub 2014 Jun 27.
- Castleman disease is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder of unknown etiology that most commonly presents as a mediastinal nodal mass or, in the extranodal form of the disease, a mass located in the mediastinum or retroperitoneum. It is exceptionally uncommon for Castleman disease to present in the e
- PMID 24970669
- "Somatic-type" Malignancies Arising From Testicular Germ Cell Tumors: A Clinicopathologic Study of 124 Cases With Emphasis on Glandular Tumors Supporting Frequent Yolk Sac Tumor Origin.
- Magers MJ1, Kao CS, Cole CD, Rice KR, Foster RS, Einhorn LH, Ulbright TM.
- The American journal of surgical pathology.Am J Surg Pathol.2014 Oct;38(10):1396-409. doi: 10.1097/PAS.0000000000000262.
- Somatic-type malignancies (SMs) in patients with testicular germ cell tumors (GCT) are rare and mostly attributed to "transformation" of teratoma, although yolk sac tumor (YST) origin has also been proposed. We studied 124 cases of "SM" of testicular GCT origin from 106 patients to evaluate their mo
- PMID 24921638
- Sclerosing PEComa of the Kidney: Clinicopathologic Analysis of 2 Cases and Review of the Literature.
- Zhao Y1, Bui MM2, Spiess PE3, Dhillon J4.
- Clinical genitourinary cancer.Clin Genitourin Cancer.2014 Oct;12(5):e229-32. doi: 10.1016/j.clgc.2014.04.009. Epub 2014 Jun 12.
- PMID 25044147
Japanese Journal
- シンポジウム9「精巣腫瘍診療ガイドラインを検証する｣ : 座長の言葉<第61回日本泌尿器科学会中部総会>
- 野々村 祝夫,東 治人
- 泌尿器科紀要 58(12), 713-714, 2012-12-00
- … This disease is suspected in patients with elevated α-fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotropin without the appearance of tumors in the testes, and tumors can be observed on the center line of the body such as the mediastinum or retroperitoneum. …
- NAID 120005147827
- recombinant interleukin-2 が奏功した後腹膜血管肉腫の1例
- 野口 剛,太田 純一,石垣 華子 [他],小貫 竜昭,加藤 善健,森山 正敏
- 日本泌尿器科學會雜誌 103(6), 697-703, 2012-11-20
- NAID 10031126331
- Primary epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the retroperitoneum : report of a case
- IIMURO Yuji,NAKAI Norihiro,ASANO Yasukane,UYAMA Naoki,SUZUMURA Kazuhiro,NAKAI Mayumi,NAKASHO Keiji,KASHIWAGI Toru,FUJIMOTO Jiro
- Surgery today : the Japanese journal of surgery 42(10), 1026-1031, 2012-10-01
- NAID 10031033044
Related Links
- The retroperitoneal space (retroperitoneum) is the anatomical space in the abdominal cavity behind (retro) the peritoneum. It has no specific delineating anatomical structures. Organs are retroperitoneal if they only have peritoneum on their ...
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