WordNet

hormone secreted by the corpus luteum during the last days of pregnancy; relaxes the pelvic ligaments and prepares the uterus for labor
make less taut; "relax the tension on the rope" (同)unbend
become less tense, rest, or take ones ease; "He relaxed in the hot tub"; "Lets all relax after a hard days work" (同)loosen up, unbend, unwind, decompress, slow down
cause to feel relaxed; "A hot bath always relaxes me" (同)unstrain, unlax, loosen up, unwind, make relaxed
become less severe or strict; "The rules relaxed after the new director arrived" (同)loosen
make less severe or strict; "The government relaxed the curfew after most of the rebels were caught" (同)loosen
become less tense, less formal, or less restrained, and assume a friendlier manner; "our new colleague relaxed when he saw that we were a friendly group" (同)loosen up

PrepTutorEJDIC

(気候が)人を怠惰にさせる,怠けさせる
〈緊張・力など〉‘を'『ゆるめる』,和らける(loosen) / 〈規則など〉‘を'緩和する / 〈人〉‘を'楽にさせる,くつろがせる / 〈緊張・力などが〉『ゆるむ』,和らぐ;〈規則などが〉緩和される / 〈人が〉楽にする,くつろぐ,緊張をほぐす

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/07/03 03:40:46」(JST)

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Relaxin is a protein hormone of about 6000 Da^[1] first described in 1926 by Frederick Hisaw.^[2]^[3]

The relaxin-like peptide family belongs in the insulin superfamily and consists of 7 peptides of high structural but low sequence similarity; relaxin-1 (RLN1), 2 (RLN2) and 3 (RLN3), and the insulin-like (INSL) peptides, INSL3, INSL4, INSL5 and INSL6. The functions of relaxin-3, INSL4, INSL5, INSL6 remain uncharacterised.^[4]

Synthesis

In the female, it is produced by the corpus luteum of the ovary, the breast and, during pregnancy, also by the placenta, chorion, and decidua.

In the male, it is produced in the prostate and is present in human semen.^[5]

Structure

Structurally, relaxin is a heterodimer of two peptide chains of 24 and 29 amino acids linked by disulfide bridges, and it appears related to insulin.

Relaxin is produced from its prohormone, "prorelaxin", by splitting off one additional peptide chain.

Function

In humans

In females relaxin is produced mainly by the corpus luteum, in both pregnant ^[1] and nonpregnant^[1] females; it rises to a peak within approximately 14 days of ovulation, and then declines in the absence of pregnancy, resulting in menstruation^{[citation needed]}). During the first trimester of pregnancy, levels rise and additional relaxin is produced by the decidua. Relaxin's peak is reached during the 14 weeks of the first trimester and at delivery. It is known to mediate the hemodynamic changes that occur during pregnancy, such as increased cardiac output, increased renal blood flow, and increased arterial compliance. It also relaxes other pelvic ligaments.^[6] It is believed to soften the pubic symphysis.

In males, relaxin enhances motility of sperm in semen.^[7]

In other animals

In animals, relaxin widens the pubic bone and facilitates labor; it also softens the cervix (cervical ripening), and relaxes the uterine musculature. Thus, for a long time, relaxin was looked at as a pregnancy hormone. However, its significance may reach much further. Relaxin affects collagen metabolism, inhibiting collagen synthesis and enhancing its breakdown by increasing matrix metalloproteinases.^[8] It also enhances angiogenesis and is a potent renal vasodilator.

Receptors

Relaxin interacts with the relaxin receptor LGR7 (RXFP1) and LGR8 (RXFP2), which belong to the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily.^[9] They contain a heptahelical transmembrane domain and a large glycosylated ectodomain, distantly related to the receptors for the glycoproteohormones, such as the LH-receptor or FSH-receptor.

Relaxin receptors have been found in the heart, smooth muscle, the connective tissue, and central and autonomous nervous system.

Disorders

Specific disorders related to relaxin have not been described, yet a link to scleroderma and fibromyalgia has been suggested.^[10]

Pharmacological targets

A recombinant form of human relaxin-2 has been developed as investigational drug RLX030 (serelaxin).

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Bani D (January 1997). "Relaxin: a pleiotropic hormone.". General pharmacology 28 (1): 13–22. doi:10.1016/s0306-3623(96)00171-1. PMID 9112071.
^ "If a Gopher Can Do It ...". Time Magazine. 1944-04-10. Retrieved 2009-05-20.
^ Becker GJ, Hewitson TD (March 2001). "Relaxin and renal fibrosis". Kidney Int. 59 (3): 1184–5. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1755.2001.0590031184.x. PMID 11231378.
^ Wilkinson TN, Speed TP, Tregear GW, Bathgate RA (February 2005). "Evolution of the relaxin-like peptide family". BMC Evolutionary Biology 5: 14. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-5-14. PMC 551602. PMID 15707501.
^ MacLennan AH (1991). "The role of the hormone relaxin in human reproduction and pelvic girdle relaxation". Scandinavian journal of rheumatology. Supplement 88: 7–15. PMID 2011710.
^ Conrad KP (August 2011). "Maternal vasodilation in pregnancy: the emerging role of relaxin". Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 301 (2): R267–75. doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00156.2011. PMC 3154715. PMID 21613576.
^ Weiss G (February 1989). "Relaxin in the male". Biol. Reprod. 40 (2): 197–200. doi:10.1095/biolreprod40.2.197. PMID 2497805.
^ Mookerjee I, Solly NR, Royce SG, Tregear GW, Samuel CS, Tang ML (2006). "Endogenous relaxin regulates collagen deposition in an animal model of allergic airway disease". Endocrinology 147 (2): 754–61. doi:10.1210/en.2005-1006. PMID 16254028.
^ Hsu SY, Nakabayashi K, Nishi S, Kumagai J, Kudo M, Sherwood OD, Hsueh AJ (2002). "Activation of orphan receptors by the hormone relaxin". Science 295 (5555): 674–6. doi:10.1126/science.1065654. PMID 11809971.
^ Van Der Westhuizen ET, Summers RJ, Halls ML, Bathgate RA, Sexton PM (2007). "Relaxin receptors--new drug targets for multiple disease states". Curr Drug Targets 8 (1): 91–104. doi:10.2174/138945007779315650. PMID 17266534.

External links

Relaxin at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
"Relaxin". Human Protein Reference Database. Johns Hopkins University and the Institute of Bioinformatics. Retrieved 2009-05-20.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 分娩の生理学 physiology of parturition
2. 妊娠中および産後の筋骨格系の変化および疼痛 musculoskeletal changes and pain during pregnancy and postpartum
3. 急性非代償性心不全の治療：治療の要素 treatment of acute decompensated heart failure components of therapy
4. 免疫調節および抗線維化による全身性硬化症（強皮症）治療 immunomodulatory and antifibrotic approaches to the treatment of systemic sclerosis scleroderma
5. 妊娠に対する母体の内分泌系および代謝の適応 maternal endocrine and metabolic adaptation to pregnancy

English Journal

Central injection of relaxin-3 receptor (RXFP3) antagonist peptides reduces motivated food seeking and consumption in C57BL/6J mice.

Smith CM1, Chua BE2, Zhang C1, Walker AW1, Haidar M1, Hawkes D2, Shabanpoor F2, Hossain MA3, Wade JD3, Rosengren KJ4, Gundlach AL5.
Behavioural brain research.Behav Brain Res.2014 Jul 15;268:117-26. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.03.037. Epub 2014 Mar 25.
Behavioural arousal in mammals is regulated by various interacting central monoamine- and peptide-neurotransmitter/receptor systems, which function to maintain awake, alert and active states required for performance of goal-directed activities essential for survival, including food seeking. Existing
PMID 24681162

Signalling profiles of H3 relaxin, H2 relaxin and R3(BΔ23-27)R/I5 acting at the relaxin family peptide receptor 3 (RXFP3).

Kocan M1, Sarwar M, Hossain MA, Wade JD, Summers RJ.
British journal of pharmacology.Br J Pharmacol.2014 Jun;171(11):2827-41. doi: 10.1111/bph.12623.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Relaxin family peptide receptor 3 (RXFP3) is expressed in brain areas important for processing sensory information and feeding, suggesting that it may be a target for anti-anxiety and anti-obesity drugs. We examined the effects of H3 relaxin, the biased agonist H2 relaxin and
PMID 24641548

Regulation of expression of relaxin-3 and its receptor RXFP3 in the brain of diet-induced obese rats.

Lenglos C1, Mitra A1, Guèvremont G1, Timofeeva E2.
Neuropeptides.Neuropeptides.2014 Jun;48(3):119-32. doi: 10.1016/j.npep.2014.02.002. Epub 2014 Mar 1.
An animal model closely related to human obesity is diet-induced obesity in Sprague-Dawley rats. These rats placed on a high-energy (HE) diet show wide distribution in body weight gain with a subset of animals developing diet-induced obesity (DIO) and the remaining animals showing a diet-resistant (
PMID 24629399

Japanese Journal

Release of Relaxin-Like Gonad-Stimulating Substance from Starfish Radial Nerves by lonomycin

Mita Masatoshi
Zoological science 30(7), 602-606, 2013-07
NAID 40019687098

Characterization, cDNA cloning and expression pattern of relaxin gene during embryogenesis of Danio rerio

Fiengo Marcella,Donizetti Aldo,del Gaudio Rosanna [他]
Development, growth & differentiation 54(5), 579-587, 2012-06
NAID 40019329884

ISP-7-1 Relaxin has anti-apoptotic effects on human trophoblast-derived HTR-8/SV neo cells(Group 7 Reproduction,IS Poster,International Session)

Lodhi Romana Sz.,Nakabayashi Koji,Suzuki Kaho,Yamada Ai,Hazama Ryoichi,Ebina Yasuhiko,Yamada Hideto
日本産科婦人科學會雜誌 64(2), 905, 2012-02-01
NAID 110009584058

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「レラキシン」
拡張検索	「endothelium-dependent relaxing factor」「endothelium-derived relaxing factor」「vasorelaxing」
関連記事	「relax」

「レラキシン」

Relaxin 3
Identifiers
Symbol	RLN3
Alt. symbols	ZINS4, RXN3, H3
Entrez	117579
HUGO	17135
OMIM	606855
RefSeq	NM_080864
UniProt	Q8WXF3
Other data
Locus	Chr. 19 p13.3

Relaxin 2
Identifiers
Symbol	RLN2
Alt. symbols	H2, RLXH2, bA12D24.1.1, bA12D24.1.2
Entrez	6019
HUGO	10027
OMIM	179740
PDB	6RLX
RefSeq	NM_134441
UniProt	P04090
Other data
Locus	Chr. 9 qter-q12