puzzle

• n.

• 謎、パズル

• v.

• 当惑させる

関

disconcert、embarrass、enigma、enigmatic、mysterious、mystery

　 　 　 　

WordNet

1. be uncertain about; think about without fully understanding or being able to decide; "We puzzled over her sudden departure"
2. a game that tests your ingenuity
3. a particularly baffling problem that is said to have a correct solution; "he loved to solve chessmate puzzles"; "thats a real puzzler" (同)puzzler, mystifier, teaser
4. cause to be embarrassed; cause to feel self-conscious (同)abash
5. something that baffles understanding and cannot be explained; "how it got out is a mystery"; "it remains one of natures secrets" (同)enigma, secret, closed_book
6. a story about a crime (usually murder) presented as a novel or play or movie (同)mystery story, whodunit
7. resembling an oracle in obscurity of thought; "the oracular sayings of Victorian poets"; "so enigmatic that priests might have to clarify it"; "an enigmatic smile" (同)oracular
8. not clear to the understanding; "I didnt grasp the meaning of that enigmatic comment until much later"; "prophetic texts so enigmatic that their meaning has been disputed for centuries" (同)enigmatical, puzzling
9. having an import not apparent to the senses nor obvious to the intelligence; beyond ordinary understanding; "mysterious symbols"; "the mystical style of Blake"; "occult lore"; "the secret learning of the ancients" (同)mystic, mystical, occult, secret, orphic
10. large Chilean evergreen conifer having intertwined branches and bearing edible nuts (同)chile pine, Araucaria araucana
11. a puzzle that requires you to reassemble a picture that has been mounted on a stiff base and cut into interlocking pieces
12. try to solve

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 《単数形で》(頭を)『悩ませる物』(『事』,『人』),難問,難物 / 《しばしば複合語で用いて》(遊び用の)『パズル』,判じ物,なぞ / 〈難問が〉〈人〉‘の'頭を悩ませる;(…について)〈頭〉をひねって考える《+『名』+『about』(『over』)+『名』》 / (…に)頭を悩ませる,(…を)頭をひねって考える《+『about』(『as to, over』)+『名』》
2. 〈情況など〉'を'『混乱させる』,〈人〉'を'困惑させる,面くらわせる / (…と)…'を'『混同する』《+『名』+『with』+『名』》 / 〈計画・希望・敵など〉'を'破る,くじく(defeat) / 《遠回しに腹立たしさなどを表して》〈神〉が…'を'地獄に落とす
3. 〈人〉‘の'『まごつかせる』,困惑させる,きまり悪がらせる / …‘を'『じゃまする』,妨げる / 〈人・会社など〉‘を'『財政困難にする』
4. 〈C〉『神秘的な物』(『事』) / 〈C〉好寄心(気がかり)を起こさせる物(事) / 〈C〉推理小説(劇,映画) / 〈U〉『神秘[性]』 / 〈C〉《複数形で》(宗数的)秘法,秘教;(古代ギリシア・ローマの)神秘儀式
5. なぞのような,不可解な
6. 『神秘的な』,不思議な / 理解(説明)しがたい,不可解な,なぞの
7. 難問,困らせる質問;困らす人
8. 当惑していること

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/05/08 17:14:37」(JST)

wiki ja

[Wiki ja表示]

パズル（英語：puzzle）

• パズル - あらかじめ出された問題を論理的な考察と試行錯誤によって解くことを目的とした娯楽の一種。
• 音楽作品のタイトル
  • PUZZLE (関ジャニ∞のアルバム) - 関ジャニ∞のアルバム。表題曲「パズル」を収録。
  • PUZZLE - 倉木麻衣の曲。シングル「PUZZLE/Revive」「Revive/PUZZLE」に収録。
  • Puzzle (AiRIのアルバム) - AiRIのアルバム。
  • Puzzle - MOSHIMOのCHEESE CAKE時代の曲。『めちゃ×2イケてるッ!』エンディング主題歌。
  • パズル (藤木直人の曲) - 藤木直人のシングル曲。
  • パズル (湘南乃風の曲) - 湘南乃風のシングル曲。ドラマ『ゼロの真実〜監察医・松本真央〜』主題歌。
  • パズル - 伊藤かな恵の曲。シングル「パズル/ビギナードライバー」に収録。
  • puzzle - V6の曲。アルバム「A JACK IN THE BOX」に収録。
• その他の作品のタイトル
  • パズル (1998年の映画) （原題：Charades） - アメリカ映画。監督:スティーヴン・エッケルベリー。
  • パズル (1999年の映画) （原題：Nadie conoce a nadie） - スペイン映画。監督:マテオ・ヒル。
  • パズル (2008年のテレビドラマ) - 2008年にテレビ朝日で放送のテレビドラマ。
  • パズル (山田悠介) - 山田悠介の小説、またこれを元にした2007年にテレビ朝日で放送のテレビドラマ、漫画、ゲーム。
  • パズル（原題：Éloge de la pièce manquante） - アントワーヌ・ベロの小説。
  • Puzzle - 恩田陸の小説。
  • 阿弥陀（パズル） - 山田正紀の小説。

このページは曖昧さ回避のためのページです。一つの語句が複数の意味・職能を有する場合の水先案内のために、異なる用法を一覧にしてあります。お探しの用語に一番近い記事を選んで下さい。このページへリンクしているページを見つけたら、リンクを適切な項目に張り替えて下さい。

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

For other uses, see Puzzle (disambiguation).

Part of a series on
Puzzles
Types Guessing Riddle Situation Logic Dissection Induction Logic grid Self-reference Mechanical Combination Construction Disentanglement Lock Go problems Folding Stick Tiling Transport Tour Sliding Chess Maze (Logic maze) Word Crossword Puzzle video games Mazes Metapuzzles
Topics Brain teaser Dilemma Optical illusion Packing problems Paradox Problem solving Puzzlehunt Syllogism Thinking outside the box
Lists Impossible puzzles Maze video games Nikoli puzzle types Puzzle video games Puzzle topics

A puzzle is a game, problem, or toy that tests a person's ingenuity or knowledge. In a puzzle, one is required to put pieces together in a logical way, in order to arrive at the correct solution of the puzzle. There are different types of puzzles for different ages, such as crossword puzzles, word-search puzzles, number puzzles, or logic puzzles.

Puzzles are often devised as a form of entertainment but they can also arise from serious mathematical or logistical problems. In such cases, their solution may be a significant contribution to mathematical research.

Solutions of puzzles often require the recognition of patterns and the creation of a particular kind of order. People with a high level of inductive reasoning aptitude may be better at solving such puzzles than others. But puzzles based upon inquiry and discovery may be solved more easily by those with good deduction skills. Deductive reasoning improves with practice.

Some notable creators of puzzles are Sam Loyd, Henry Dudeney, Boris Kordemsky and, more recently, David J. Bodycombe, Will Shortz, Lloyd King, and Martin Gardner.

Etymology

The 1989 edition of the Oxford English Dictionary dates the word puzzle (as a verb) to the end of the 16th century. Its first documented use (to describe a new type of game) was in a book titled The Voyage of Robert Dudley...to the West Indies, 1594–95, narrated by Capt. Wyatt, by himself, and by Abram Kendall, master (published circa 1595). The word later came to be used a noun.

The word puzzle comes from pusle "bewilder, confound" which is a frequentive of the obsolete verb pose (from Medieval French aposer) in sense of "perplex". The meaning of the word as "a toy contrived to test one's ingenuity" is relatively recent (within mid-19th century).

History

The first jigsaw puzzle was created around 1760, when John Spilsbury, a British engraver and cartographer, mounted a map on a sheet of wood, which he then sawed around the outline of each individual country on the map. He then used the resulting pieces as an aid to the teaching of geography.

After becoming popular among the public, this kind of teaching aid remained the primary use of jigsaw puzzles until about 1820.

By the early 20th century, magazines and newspapers had found that they could increase their readership by publishing puzzle contests.

Organizations and events

There are organizations and events that cater to puzzle enthusiasts, such as the World Puzzle Championship, the National Puzzlers' League, and Ravenchase. There are also "puzzlehunts," such as the Maze of Games.

Types of puzzles

Puzzles can be divided into categories. For example a maze is a type of tour puzzle. Some other categories are construction puzzles, stick puzzles, tiling puzzles, transport puzzles, disentanglement puzzles, lock puzzles, folding puzzles, combination puzzles, and mechanical puzzles.

There are thousands of computer puzzle games and a great many puzzles based upon letters, words, and mathematics,

• A chess problem is a puzzle that uses chess pieces on a chess board. Examples are the Knight's Tour and the Eight Queens Puzzle.
• Jigsaw puzzles
  • An anagram jigsaw is a jigsaw puzzle whose pieces can be arranged in two different ways, providing two correct solutions.
• Lateral thinking puzzles, also called "situation puzzles"
• Mathematical puzzles include the missing square puzzle and many "impossible puzzles" — puzzles which actually have no solution, such as:
  • the Seven Bridges of Königsberg,
  • the Three Cups Problem, and
  • Water, Gas, and Electricity
• Mechanical puzzles such as the Rubik's Cube and Soma cube
• Metapuzzles are puzzles which unite elements of other puzzles.
• Paper-and-pencil puzzles such as Uncle Art's Funland, Connect the Dots, Nonograms, and Takuzu.
  • Also the logic puzzles published by Nikoli: Sudoku, Slitherlink, Kakuro, Fillomino, Hashiwokakero, Heyawake, Hitori, Light Up, Masyu, Number Link, Nurikabe, Ripple Effect, Shikaku, and Kuromasu.
• Peg solitaire
• A puzzle box is a puzzle that can be used to hide something — jewelry, for instance.
• Rubik's Cube and other combination puzzles can be stimulating toys for children or recreational activities for adults.
• Sangaku
• Sliding puzzles (also called sliding tile puzzles) such as the 15 Puzzle and jigsaw puzzles. Puzz-3D is a three-dimensional variant of this type.
• Sokoban
• Spot the difference
• Tangram
• Word puzzles, including anagrams, ciphers, crossword puzzles, and word search puzzles.

Gallery

• A Rubik's Cube
• A puzzle cube
• A puzzle cube undone
• A completed jigsaw puzzle

See also

• List of impossible puzzles
• List of Nikoli puzzle types
• Puzzle jewelry
• Riddle
• Three cups problem

References

Bibliography

• Carter, Philip J. (1993). The IQ Challenge. New York: Barnes & Noble. ISBN 1-56619-164-5. 
• Moscovich, Ivan (2010). The Little Book of Big Brain Games. New York: Workman Publishing Company, Inc. ISBN 978-0-7611-6173-8. 
• Creative Puzzles of the World (1980). Plenary Publications International.
• Denkspiele der Welt (1977, 1981). München: Heinrich Hugendubel Verlag.
• R Clarke, Barry (2003). Challenging Logic Puzzles (Mensa®). Sterling. ISBN 978-1402705410. 

• Slitherlink & Masyu. Puzzlewright. 2010. ISBN 978-1402757594. 

• Gardner, Martin (1986). Entertaining Mathematical Puzzles. Dover Recreational Math. ISBN 978-0486252117. 

• A. Kordemsky, Boris (1992). The Moscow Puzzles: 359 Mathematical Recreations. Dover Publications. ISBN 978-0486270784. 

• Linde, Nancy (2012). 399 Games, Puzzles & Trivia Challenges Specially Designed to Keep Your Brain Young. Workman Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0761168256. 

• Shortz, Will (2006). The New York Times Supersized Book of Sunday Crosswords: 500 Puzzles. St. Martin's Griffin. ISBN 978-0312361228. 

• Sloane, Paul (2005). Outstanding Lateral Thinking Puzzles. Sterling. ISBN 978-1402703805. 

• Gray, Theodore (2011). The Jigsaw Puzzle: Piecing Together a History. ISBN 978-1579128883. 

• Green, Marilyn (2007). Made You Look: A Book of Picture Puzzles. Klutz. ISBN 978-1570548949. 

• Bloom, Jonathan (2012). The Gigantic Sudoku Puzzle Book. 1500 Puzzles. Easy through Challenging to Nail Biting and Torturous. SUDOKIDS.COM. ISBN 978-0981426174. 

• Conceptis, Puzzles (2013). Amazing Sudoku Variants. Puzzlewright. ISBN 978-1454906520. 

• Murali, A V (2014). A Collection of Fascinating Games and Puzzles. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. ISBN 978-1500216429. 

External links

• The puzzle archive of the rec.puzzles newsgroup
• Puzzles at DMOZ

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

• 1. 先天性性腺刺激ホルモン放出ホルモン欠乏症（特発性低ゴナドトロピン性性腺機能低下） congenital gonadotropin releasing hormone deficiency idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
• 2. 冠動脈疾患の二次予防における脂質低下療法の強度 intensity of lipid lowering therapy in secondary prevention of coronary heart disease
• 3. 寝汗がみられる患者に対するアプローチ approach to the patient with night sweats
• 4. βサラセミアの病態生理 pathophysiology of beta thalassemia
• 5. 思春期における多嚢胞性卵巣症候群の定義、発症機序、および病因 definition pathogenesis and etiology of polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescents

English Journal

• Dual inhibitor of PDE7 and GSK-3 - VP1.15 acts as antipsychotic and cognitive enhancer in C57BL/6J mice.

• Lipina TV, Palomo V, Gil C, Martinez A, Roder JC.SourceSamuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada. Electronic address: lipina@lunenfeld.ca.
• Neuropharmacology.Neuropharmacology.2013 Jan;64(1):205-14. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.06.032. Epub 2012 Jun 28.
• Cognitive deficit is a core of schizophrenia and it is not effectively treated by the available antipsychotic drugs, hence new and more effective therapy is needed. Schizophrenia is considered as a pathway disorder where Disrupted-In-Schizophrenia-1 (DISC1) is important molecular player that regulat
• PMID 22749842

• New pieces of a puzzle: The current biological picture of MPN.

• Kleppe M, Levine RL.SourceHuman Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, Box 20, New York, NY 10065, USA.
• Biochimica et biophysica acta.Biochim Biophys Acta.2012 Dec;1826(12):415-22. doi: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2012.07.002. Epub 2012 Jul 20.
• Over the last years, we have witnessed significant improvement in our ability to elucidate the genetic events, which contribute to the pathogenesis of acute and chronic leukemias, and also in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). However, despite significant insight into the role of spec
• PMID 22824378

• Severe intergenerational reproductive conflict and the evolution of menopause.

• Lahdenperä M, Gillespie DO, Lummaa V, Russell AF, Sorci G.SourceSection of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, FIN-20014, Turku, Finland.
• Ecology letters.Ecol Lett.2012 Nov;15(11):1283-90. doi: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2012.01851.x. Epub 2012 Aug 22.
• Human menopause is ubiquitous among women and is uninfluenced by modernity. In addition, it remains an evolutionary puzzle: studies have largely failed to account for diminishing selection on reproduction beyond 50 years. Using a 200-year dataset on pre-industrial Finns, we show that an important c
• PMID 22913671

Japanese Journal

• NP-completeness of generalized Kaboozle

• Asano Tetsuo,Demaine Erik D.,Demaine Martin L.,Uehara Ryuhei
• Journal of Information Processing 20(3), 713-718, 2012-07-15
• … Kaboozle is a puzzle consisting of several square cards, each annotated with colored paths and dots drawn on both sides and holes drilled. … is alone enough to make the puzzle NP-complete. …
• NAID 120004462280

• 皮膚電気活動を用いた数独問題の難易度評価

• 棟方 渚,志水 雅俊,松原 仁
• 情報処理学会研究報告. EC, エンタテインメントコンピューティング 2012-EC-25(6), 1-4, 2012-07-07
• ペンシルパズルの一種である, 「数独 (ナンバープレイス)」 は近年世界的なブームとなっており,問題の自動生成や解法の解読など計算機科学的な研究だけではなく,人間の思考過程を解明する認知科学的な解析が行われるなど,様々な方面から研究が行われている.人間の認知過程の解明を目指す研究では,その方法の一つとしてチェスや将棋を初めとした思考ゲームにおける問題解決の思考に着目してきた.思考の記録には,ユーザ …
• NAID 110009422530

• 皮膚電気活動を用いた数独問題の難易度評価

• 棟方 渚,志水 雅俊,松原 仁
• 情報処理学会研究報告. UBI, [ユビキタスコンピューティングシステム] 2012-UBI-35(6), 1-4, 2012-07-07
• ペンシルパズルの一種である, 「数独 (ナンバープレイス)」 は近年世界的なブームとなっており,問題の自動生成や解法の解読など計算機科学的な研究だけではなく,人間の思考過程を解明する認知科学的な解析が行われるなど,様々な方面から研究が行われている.人間の認知過程の解明を目指す研究では,その方法の一つとしてチェスや将棋を初めとした思考ゲームにおける問題解決の思考に着目してきた.思考の記録には,ユーザ …
• NAID 110009422519

Related Links

• パズルハウス

遊んで楽しい、見ても楽しい、パズルハウス。あなたもパズルを解く苦しみをじっくりと 楽しんでみませんか。暇つぶしオンラインゲーム満載。

• puzzle inc.

puzzle inc. | 株式会社パズルのホームページです。 ... news. 2012.7.31 - 新卒採用 情報を更新しました。 © 2012 puzzle inc.

Related Pictures

---

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「confound」「embarrass」「mysterious」「謎」「mystery」

「confound」

　　[★]

• ct.

• (やや古い)(人・事・物)を(間違って)(～と)混同する(confuse)(with,and)
• (物・事が)(人)を当惑させる(puzzle)。(be ～ed)(物・事に/～ということに)まごつく、うろたえる、泡を食う(at,by,that節)
• ～を打ち負かす。～を妨げる
• ～に反駁する、反論させる
• ～に恥をかかせる、赤面させる
• ～を悪化させる
• (予想などに)反する

関

confuse、confusion、derange、derangement、disarray、disorganized、disorient、disrupt、disruption、embarrass、embarrassment、perplexity、perturbation、upset

　

「embarrass」

　　[★]

em-(中に) + -barass(障害物、横木=bar) = 中に障害物を置く

• vt.

• (人)を恥ずかしがらせる/当惑させる。(人)を辱めて(～)させる(shame)(into doing)。(be ～ed)(人が)(人前で)恥ずかしい思いをする、(～で)まごつく(at, with, by, about, that節)
• (正式)(be ～ed)(人が)財政困難になる、借金を負う
• (問題など)を複雑にする、こじらせる。(政府・行動など)を妨害する
• (消化・肺など)の機能を損なう、～に障害を来す。

関

confound, disconcert, embarrassment, perplexity, puzzle

　 　

「mysterious」

　　[★]

• 謎の、不思議な

関

curious、curiously、enigma、enigmatic、mysteriously、mystery、oddly、puzzle、strange、strangely

　 　

「謎」

　　[★]

英

mystery、enigma、puzzle、mysterious、enigmatic

関

当惑、不思議、ミステリー、パズル

「mystery」

　　[★]

• 謎、ミステリー

関

enigma、enigmatic、mysterious、puzzle