関: psychomotor disorder

WordNet

damage that results in a reduction of strength or quality
of or relating to or characterizing mental events that have motor consequences or vice versa

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/01/31 21:23:48」(JST)

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Psychomotor retardation (also known as "psychomotor impairment" or "motormental retardation") involves a slowing-down of thought and a reduction of physical movements in an individual. Psychomotor retardation can cause a visible slowing of physical and emotional reactions, including speech and affect.^[1] This is most-commonly seen in people with major depression and in the depressed phase of bipolar disorder;^[2] it is also associated with the adverse effects of certain drugs, such as benzodiazepines.^[3] Particularly in an inpatient setting, psychomotor retardation may require increased nursing care to ensure adequate food and fluid intake and sufficient personal care. Informed consent for treatment is more difficult to achieve in the presence of this condition.

Examples

Examples of psychomotor retardation include the following:

Unaccountable difficulty in carrying out what are usually considered "automatic" or "mundane" self-care tasks for healthy people (i.e., without depressive illness) such as taking a shower, dressing, self-grooming, cooking, brushing one's teeth and exercising.
Physical difficulty performing activities which normally would require little thought or effort such as walking up a flight of stairs, getting out of bed, preparing meals and clearing dishes from the table, household chores or returning phone calls.
Tasks requiring mobility suddenly (or gradually) and inexplicably seem to be "impossible". Activities such as shopping, getting groceries, caring for the daily needs of one's children and meeting the demands of employment or school are commonly affected. Individuals experiencing these symptoms typically sense that something is wrong, and may be confused about their inability to perform these tasks.
Activities usually requiring little mental effort can become challenging. Balancing one's checkbook, making a shopping list or making decisions about mundane tasks (such as deciding what errands need to be done) are often difficult.

In schizophrenia, mood may vary from psychomotor retardation to agitation; the patient will experience periods of lifelessness and may be unresponsive, and at the next moment be active and energetic.^[4]

References

^ Tryon, W.W. 1991.Activity Measurement in Psychology and Medicine. Springer Publishing
^ Buyukdura JS, McClintock SM, Croarkin PE (2011). "Psychomotor retardation in depression: biological underpinnings, measurement, and treatment". Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 35 (2): 395–409. doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.10.019. PMC 3646325. PMID 21044654.
^ Allgulander, C.; Bandelow, B.; Hollander, E.; Montgomery, SA.; Nutt, DJ.; Okasha, A.; Pollack, MH.; Stein, DJ.; et al. (Aug 2003). "WCA recommendations for the long-term treatment of generalized anxiety disorder". CNS Spectr 8 (8 Suppl 1): 53–61. PMID 14767398.
^ Christopher D. Frith (1 January 1995). The cognitive neuropsychology of schizophrenia. Lawrence Erlbaum. p. 53. ISBN 978-0-86377-334-1. Retrieved 13 December 2010.

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English Journal

Exposure to fine particle matter, nitrogen dioxide and benzene during pregnancy and cognitive and psychomotor developments in children at 15months of age.

Lertxundi A1, Baccini M2, Lertxundi N3, Fano E3, Aranbarri A3, Martínez MD4, Ayerdi M5, Álvarez J6, Santa-Marina L7, Dorronsoro M7, Ibarluzea J8.
Environment international.Environ Int.2015 Jul;80:33-40. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.03.007. Epub 2015 Apr 11.
BACKGROUND: Prenatal exposure to air pollutants has recently been identified as a potential risk factor for neuropsychological impairment.OBJECTIVES: To assess whether prenatal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and benzene were associated with impaired development i
PMID 25881275

Cognitive performance in a placebo-controlled pharmacotherapy trial for youth with marijuana dependence.

Roten A1, Baker NL2, Gray KM3.
Addictive behaviors.Addict Behav.2015 Jun;45:119-23. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.01.013. Epub 2015 Jan 23.
BACKGROUND: Adolescent marijuana use is associated with neurocognitive impairment, but further work is needed to assess the relationship between treatment-associated abstinence and cognitive performance.METHODS: This secondary analysis, conducted in the context of a marijuana cessation pharmacothera
PMID 25661990

Non-smoker exposure to secondhand cannabis smoke II: Effect of room ventilation on the physiological, subjective, and behavioral/cognitive effects.

Herrmann ES1, Cone EJ2, Mitchell JM3, Bigelow GE2, LoDico C4, Flegel R4, Vandrey R2.
Drug and alcohol dependence.Drug Alcohol Depend.2015 Jun 1;151:194-202. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.03.019. Epub 2015 Apr 6.
INTRODUCTION: Cannabis is the most widely used illicit drug. Many individuals are incidentally exposed to secondhand cannabis smoke, but little is known about the effects of this exposure. This report examines the physiological, subjective, and behavioral/cognitive effects of secondhand cannabis exp
PMID 25957157

Japanese Journal

前脳選択的HB-EGF 欠損マウスを用いた、中枢神経系の高次脳機能におけるHB-EGF の役割

大八木篤,原英彰,オオヤギアツシ,ハラヒデアキ,Atsushi OYAGI,Hideaki HARA
岐阜薬科大学紀要 = The annual proceedings of Gifu Pharmaceutical University 62, 12-21, 2013-06-30
… These knockout mice showed behavioral abnormalities such as anincrease in locomotor activity, decreased social interaction, a deficit of prepulse inhibition, and memory impairment. … These results suggest that HB-EGF exerts significantinfluence in higher brain functions, such as psychomotor behavior and memory formation and careful regulation of its activity will bean important goal for treating a number of neurological diseases of the central nervous system. …
NAID 120005564594

再メチル化障害により退行を示しベタイン食療法が効果を示した1例

島田姿野,舟塚真,中陣瑠美 [他],平野嘉子,伊藤進,吉井啓介,石垣景子,大澤真木子
東京女子医科大学雑誌 83(E1), E307-E312, 2013-01-31
メチオニン、ホモシステインはDNAメチル化において重要な働きを担い、メチル基転移反応の中心的な役割を担う。脳は遺伝子の厳密な調整を必要とする臓器でありDNAメチル化により遺伝子発現調節を行う。故にメチル基転移機構の異常はしばしば重篤な神経疾患を引き起こしうる。今回、アミノ酸代謝異常による再メチル化障害により急激な退行を来たし、ベタイン食事療法により神経症状の改善を認めた一例につき報告した。症例は9 …
NAID 110009559396

遂行（実行）機能をめぐって

福井俊哉
認知神経科学 12(3/4), 156-164, 2010
　【要旨】遂行（実行）機能とは、「将来の目標達成のために適切な構えを維持する能力」と定義され、具体的には、1）目標設定、2）計画立案、3）計画実行、4）効果的遂行などの要素から成り立っている。換言すると、1）意図的に構想を立て、2）採るべき手順を考案・選択し、3）目的に方向性を定めた作業を開始・維持しながら必要に応じて修正し、4）目標まで到達度を推測することにより遂行の効率化を図る …
NAID 130004552237