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| Sacral plexus | |
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Plan of sacral and pudendal plexuses.
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Relations of the sacral plexus. Dissection of side wall of pelvis showing sacral and pudendal plexuses.
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| Details | |
| Latin | plexus sacralis |
| From | L4-L5, S1-S4 |
| Identifiers | |
| Gray's | p.957 |
| Dorlands /Elsevier |
p_24/12648416 |
| TA | A14.2.07.027 |
| FMA | 5909 |
| Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy | |
In human anatomy, the sacral plexus is a nerve plexus which provides motor and sensory nerves for the posterior thigh, most of the lower leg and foot, and part of the pelvis. It is part of the lumbosacral plexus and emerges from the lumbar vertebrae and sacral vertebrae (L4-S4).[1] A sacral plexopathy is a disorder affecting the nerves of the sacral plexus, usually caused by trauma, nerve compression, vascular disease, or infection. Symptoms may include pain, loss of motor control, and sensory deficits.
The sacral plexus is formed by:
The nerves forming the sacral plexus converge toward the lower part of the greater sciatic foramen, and unite to form a flattened band, from the anterior and posterior surfaces of which several branches arise.
The band itself is continued as the sciatic nerve, which splits on the back of the thigh into the tibial nerve and common fibular nerve; these two nerves sometimes arise separately from the plexus, and in all cases their independence can be shown by dissection.
Often, the sacral plexus and the lumbar plexus are considered to be one large nerve plexus, the lumbosacral plexus. The lumbosacral trunk connects the two plexuses.
The sacral plexus lies on the back of the pelvis between the piriformis muscle and the pelvic fascia. In front of it are the internal iliac artery, internal iliac vein, the ureter, and the sigmoid colon. The superior gluteal artery and vein run between the lumbosacral trunk and the first sacral nerve, and the inferior gluteal artery and vein between the second and third sacral nerves.
All the nerves entering the plexus, with the exception of the third sacral, split into ventral and dorsal divisions, and the nerves arising from these are as follows of the table below:
| Nerve | Segment | Innervated muscles | Cutaneous branches |
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| Superior gluteal | L4-S1 | Gluteus medius Gluteus minimus |
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| Inferior gluteal | L5-S2 | Gluteus maximus | |
| Posterior cutaneous femoral | S1-S3 |
Posterior cutaneous femoral
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| Direct branches from plexus | |||
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S1-2 | Piriformis | |
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L5, S1-2 | Obturator internus and Superior gemellus | |
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L4-5, S1 | Quadratus femoris and Inferior gemellus | |
| Sciatic | |||
| Sciatic | L4-S3 | Semitendinosus (Tib) Semimembranosus (Tib)
Adductor magnus (medial part, Tib) |
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| Common fibular | L4-S2 | Lateral sural cutaneous Communicating fibular |
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Peroneus longus Peroneus brevis |
Medial dorsal cutaneous Intermediate dorsal cutaneous |
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Tibialis anterior Extensor digitorum longus |
Lateral cutaneous nerve of big toe Intermediate dorsal cutaneous |
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| Tibial nerve | L4-S3 | Triceps surae Plantaris |
Medial sural cutaneous Lateral calcaneal |
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Abductor hallucis Flexor digitorum brevis |
Proper digital plantar | |
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Flexor hallucis brevis (lateral head) Quadratus plantae |
Proper plantar digital | |
| Pudendal and coccygeal | |||
| Pudendal (Pudendal plexus) |
S2-S4 | Muscles of the pelvic floor: Levator ani |
Inferior rectal Perineal
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| Coccygeal (Coccygeal plexus) |
S5-Co1 | Coccygeus | Anococcygeal Dorsal branches |
The right sympathetic chain and its connections with the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic plexuses.
A schematic depiction.
| This article relies largely or entirely upon a single source. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources. (January 2009) |
This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)
| Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sacral plexus. |
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| リンク元 | 「仙骨神経叢」 |
| 関連記事 | 「sacral」「plexus」「plexuses」 |
| 神経 | L4 | L5 | S1 | S2 | S3 | S4 |
| 上殿神経 | ○ | ○ | ○ | |||
| 下殿神経 | ○ | ○ | ○ | |||
| 後大腿皮神経 | ○ | ○ | ○ | |||
| 坐骨神経 | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | |
| 総腓骨神経 | ○ | ○ | ○ | |||
| 脛骨神経 | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | |
| 陰部神経 | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ||
| 骨盤内臓神経 | ○ | ○ | ○ |
| 神経 | L4 | L5 | S1 | S2 | S3 | S4 |
| 上殿神経 | ○ | ○ | ○ | |||
| 下殿神経 | ○ | ○ | ○ | |||
| 後大腿皮神経 | ○ | ○ | ||||
| 坐骨神経 | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | |
| 陰部神経 | ○ | ○ | ○ | |||
| 骨盤内臓神経 | ○ | ○ | ○ | |||
| 貫通皮枝 | ○ | ○ | ||||
| 梨状筋へ | ○ | ○ | ||||
| 大腿四頭筋・下双子筋へ | ○ | ○ | ○ | |||
| 内閉鎖筋・上双子筋へ | ○ | ○ | ○ | |||
| 肛門挙筋・尾骨筋へ | ○ | ○ |
Henry Gray (1825-1861). Anatomy of the Human Body. 1918.