plasminogen activator inhibitor 2

プラスミノーゲン活性化因子インヒビター2、プラスミノーゲンアクチベーターインヒビター2 PAI-2

WordNet

1. limit, block, or decrease the action or function of; "inhibit the action of the enzyme"; "inhibit the rate of a chemical reaction"
2. control and refrain from showing; of emotions, desires, impulses, or behavior (同)bottle up, suppress
3. limit the range or extent of; "Contact between the young was inhibited by strict social customs"
4. a substance that retards or stops an activity
5. (biology) any agency bringing about activation; a molecule that increases the activity of an enzyme or a protein that increases the production of a gene product in DNA transcription
6. an inactive form of plasmin that occurs in plasma and is converted to plasmin by organic solvents

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 〈感情・欲望・行動・作用など〉‘を'抑制する / (…しないように)〈人〉‘を'抑制する,妨げる《+『名』+『from』+『名』(do『ing』)》
2. 抑制する人(物) / 化学反応抑制剤

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/03/31 00:13:39」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

Serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade B (ovalbumin), member 2
PDB rendering based on 1by7.
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB List of PDB id codes 1BY7, 1JRR, 2ARQ, 2ARR
Identifiers
Symbols	SERPINB2; HsT1201; PAI; PAI-2; PAI2; PLANH2
External IDs	OMIM: 173390 MGI: 97609 HomoloGene: 20571 GeneCards: SERPINB2 Gene
Gene Ontology Molecular function • serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity Cellular component • extracellular region • extracellular space • cytoplasm • plasma membrane Biological process • blood coagulation • negative regulation of endopeptidase activity • regulation of proteolysis • fibrinolysis • negative regulation of apoptotic process Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	5055	18788
Ensembl	ENSG00000197632	ENSMUSG00000062345
UniProt	P05120	P12388
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001143818	NM_001174170
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001137290	NP_001167641
Location (UCSC)	Chr 18: 61.54 – 61.57 Mb	Chr 1: 107.51 – 107.54 Mb
PubMed search	[1]	[2]

Plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 (placental PAI) is a coagulation factor that inactivates tPA and urokinase. It is present in most cells, especially monocytes/macrophages. PAI-2 exists in two forms, a 60-kDa extracellular glycosylated form and a 43-kDa intracellular form.

Fibrinolysis (simplified). Blue arrows denote stimulation, and red arrows inhibition.

It is present only at detectable quantities in blood during pregnancy, as it is produced by the placenta, and may explain partially the increased rate of thrombosis during pregnancy. The majority of expressed PAI-2 remains unsecreted due to the presence of an inefficient internal signal peptide.

Interactions

Plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 (SerpinB2) has been reported to bind a series of intracellular and extracellular proteins. Whether SerpinB2's physiological function is inhibition of the extracellular protease urokinase and/or whether SerpinB2 has intracellular activities remains controversial. At least one of SerpinB2's physiological functions may involve regulation of adaptive immunity. Reviewed in Schroder WA, Major L, Suhrbier A. The role of SerpinB2 in immunity. Crit Rev Immunol. 2011;31(1):15-30. PMID: 21395508.

See also

• Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1

Further reading

• Rasmussen HH, van Damme J, Puype M, et al. (1993). "Microsequences of 145 proteins recorded in the two-dimensional gel protein database of normal human epidermal keratinocytes.". Electrophoresis 13 (12): 960–9. doi:10.1002/elps.11501301199. PMID 1286667. 
• Ellis V, Wun TC, Behrendt N, et al. (1990). "Inhibition of receptor-bound urokinase by plasminogen-activator inhibitors.". J. Biol. Chem. 265 (17): 9904–8. PMID 2161846. 
• Estreicher A, Mühlhauser J, Carpentier JL, et al. (1990). "The receptor for urokinase type plasminogen activator polarizes expression of the protease to the leading edge of migrating monocytes and promotes degradation of enzyme inhibitor complexes.". J. Cell Biol. 111 (2): 783–92. doi:10.1083/jcb.111.2.783. PMC 2116194. PMID 2166055. 
• Samia JA, Alexander SJ, Horton KW, et al. (1990). "Chromosomal organization and localization of the human urokinase inhibitor gene: perfect structural conservation with ovalbumin.". Genomics 6 (1): 159–67. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(90)90461-3. PMID 2303256. 
• Schwartz BS, Monroe MC, Bradshaw JD (1989). "Endotoxin-induced production of plasminogen activator inhibitor by human monocytes is autonomous and can be inhibited by lipid X.". Blood 73 (8): 2188–95. PMID 2471561. 
• Ye RD, Ahern SM, Le Beau MM, et al. (1989). "Structure of the gene for human plasminogen activator inhibitor-2. The nearest mammalian homologue of chicken ovalbumin.". J. Biol. Chem. 264 (10): 5495–502. PMID 2494165. 
• Laug WE, Aebersold R, Jong A, et al. (1989). "Isolation of multiple types of plasminogen activator inhibitors from vascular smooth muscle cells.". Thromb. Haemost. 61 (3): 517–21. PMID 2799763. 
• Kruithof EK, Cousin E (1988). "Plasminogen activator inhibitor 2. Isolation and characterization of the promoter region of the gene.". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 156 (1): 383–8. doi:10.1016/S0006-291X(88)80852-0. PMID 2845977. 
• Ye RD, Wun TC, Sadler JE (1987). "cDNA cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of a plasminogen activator inhibitor from human placenta.". J. Biol. Chem. 262 (8): 3718–25. PMID 3029122. 
• Antalis TM, Clark MA, Barnes T, et al. (1988). "Cloning and expression of a cDNA coding for a human monocyte-derived plasminogen activator inhibitor.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85 (4): 985–9. doi:10.1073/pnas.85.4.985. PMC 279685. PMID 3257578. 
• Schleuning WD, Medcalf RL, Hession C, et al. (1988). "Plasminogen activator inhibitor 2: regulation of gene transcription during phorbol ester-mediated differentiation of U-937 human histiocytic lymphoma cells.". Mol. Cell. Biol. 7 (12): 4564–7. PMC 368144. PMID 3325828. 
• Webb AC, Collins KL, Snyder SE, et al. (1987). "Human monocyte Arg-Serpin cDNA. Sequence, chromosomal assignment, and homology to plasminogen activator-inhibitor.". J. Exp. Med. 166 (1): 77–94. doi:10.1084/jem.166.1.77. PMC 2188630. PMID 3496414. 
• Dickinson JL, Bates EJ, Ferrante A, Antalis TM (1996). "Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 inhibits tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced apoptosis. Evidence for an alternate biological function.". J. Biol. Chem. 270 (46): 27894–904. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.46.27894. PMID 7499264. 
• Mikus P, Urano T, Liljeström P, Ny T (1994). "Plasminogen-activator inhibitor type 2 (PAI-2) is a spontaneously polymerising SERPIN. Biochemical characterisation of the recombinant intracellular and extracellular forms.". Eur. J. Biochem. 218 (3): 1071–82. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1993.tb18467.x. PMID 7506655. 
• Jensen PJ, Wu Q, Janowitz P, et al. (1995). "Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2: an intracellular keratinocyte differentiation product that is incorporated into the cornified envelope.". Exp. Cell Res. 217 (1): 65–71. doi:10.1006/excr.1995.1064. PMID 7867722. 
• Akiyama H, Ikeda K, Kondo H, et al. (1994). "Microglia express the type 2 plasminogen activator inhibitor in the brain of control subjects and patients with Alzheimer's disease.". Neurosci. Lett. 164 (1–2): 233–5. doi:10.1016/0304-3940(93)90899-V. PMID 8152607. 
• Ragno P, Montuori N, Vassalli JD, Rossi G (1993). "Processing of complex between urokinase and its type-2 inhibitor on the cell surface. A possible regulatory mechanism of urokinase activity.". FEBS Lett. 323 (3): 279–84. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(93)81357-6. PMID 8388810. 
• Bartuski AJ, Kamachi Y, Schick C, et al. (1997). "Cytoplasmic antiproteinase 2 (PI8) and bomapin (PI10) map to the serpin cluster at 18q21.3.". Genomics 43 (3): 321–8. doi:10.1006/geno.1997.4827. PMID 9268635. 
• Mahony D, Stringer BW, Dickinson JL, Antalis TM (1998). "DNase I hypersensitive sites in the 5' flanking region of the human plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 (PAI-2) gene are associated with basal and tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced transcription in monocytes.". Eur. J. Biochem. 256 (3): 550–9. doi:10.1046/j.1432-1327.1998.2560550.x. PMID 9780231. 
• Nishida Y, Hayashi Y, Imai Y, Itoh H (1999). "Expression and localization of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) in the human placenta.". The Kobe journal of medical sciences 44 (1): 31–43. PMID 9846056. 

References

External links

• The MEROPS online database for peptidases and their inhibitors: I04.007
• Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 2 at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

• 1. 血栓溶解異常による血栓性および出血性疾患 thrombotic and hemorrhagic disorders due to abnormal fibrinolysis
• 2. 妊娠中の先天性血栓性素因 inherited thrombophilias in pregnancy
• 3. 線溶マーカーおよび心血管リスク fibrinolytic markers and cardiovascular risk
• 4. 止血の概要 overview of hemostasis
• 5. 末梢動脈疾患（PAD）の疫学、危険因子、および自然経過 epidemiology risk factors and natural history of peripheral artery disease

English Journal

• Culture medium and cell density impact gene expression in normal skin and abnormal scar-derived fibroblasts.

• McFarland KL, Glaser K, Hahn JM, Boyce ST, Supp DM.SourceFrom the *Research Department, Shriners Hospitals for Children,Cincinnati; and †Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Ohio.
• Journal of burn care & research : official publication of the American Burn Association.J Burn Care Res.2011 Jul-Aug;32(4):498-508.
• Fibroblasts, the main cell type of the dermis, are responsible for production and remodeling of extracellular matrix during wound healing. Disruption of either production or degradation of extracellular matrix can lead to abnormal scarring, resulting in hypertrophic scar or keloid scar. Aberrations
• PMID 21747336

• Prevotella intermedia stimulates tissue-type plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 expression via multiple signaling pathways in human periodontal ligament cells.

• Guan SM, He JJ, Zhang M, Shu L.SourceDepartment of Preventive Dentistry and Infection Control Office, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China. jchsmg@fmmu.edu.cn
• FEMS immunology and medical microbiology.FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol.2011 Jun;62(1):91-100. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-695X.2011.00789.x. Epub 2011 Mar 8.
• Prevotella intermedia is an important periodontal pathogen that induces various inflammatory and immune responses. In this study, we investigated the effects of P. intermedia on the plasminogen system in human periodontal ligament (hPDL) cells and explored the signaling pathways involved. Using semi
• PMID 21314733

Japanese Journal

• DIC診断治療のための線溶分子マーカー・血管分子マーカー (第1土曜特集 DIC--診断・治療の最前線) -- (DICの診断--最近の進歩)

• 三室 淳
• 医学のあゆみ 238(1), 97-103, 2011-07-02
• NAID 40018857783

• 脳梗塞及び脳出血に対する抗血小板剤シロスタゾールの保護作用

• 石黒 光紀,原 英彰
• YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 131(4), 513-521, 2011
• …   Cilostazol, a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase III, is an antiplatelet drug and a vasodilator via increased cAMP levels. …
• NAID 130000678831

Related Links

• Plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 | Online references ...

Plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 (placental PAI) is a coagulation factor that inactivates tPA and urokinase. It is present in most cells, especially monocytes / macrophages. PAI-2 exists in two forms, a 60-kDa extracellular ...

• Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 2; PAI-2

Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 2; PAI-2. On-line free medical diagnosis assistant. Ranked list of possible diseases from either several symptoms or a full patient history. A similarity measure between symptoms and diseases is ...

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「プラスミノーゲンアクチベーターインヒビター2」「PAI-2」
関連記事	「inhibit」「inhibitor」「activator」「plasminogen activator」

「プラスミノーゲンアクチベーターインヒビター2」

　　[★]

英

plasminogen activator inhibitor 2、PAI-2

同

プラスミノーゲン活性化因子インヒビター2

関

プラスミノーゲンアクチベーターインヒビター plasminogen activator inhibitor PAI

[show details]

プラスミノーゲン活性化因子インヒビター2 : 37 件
プラスミノーゲンアクチベーターインヒビター2 : 20 件

-PAI-2

「PAI-2」

　　[★] プラスミノーゲン活性化因子インヒビター2 plasminogen activator inhibitor 2

「inhibit」

　　[★]

• v.

• 抑制する、阻害する、阻止する

関

abrogate、block、depress、depression、deter、inhibition、interdict、prevent、prevention、repress、repression、restrain、restraint、suppress、suppression

　 　 　 　

「inhibitor」

　　[★]

• n.

• 阻害剤、阻害薬、抑制薬、抑制剤、(内在性物質について)インヒビター、抑制物質

関

blocker、depressant、suppressant

　 　

「activator」

　　[★]

• n.

• 活性化因子、活性化薬、活性化剤、賦活薬、活性化物質、アクチベーター、アクティベーター

　

「plasminogen activator」

　　[★] プラスミノーゲンアクチベーター, PA