WordNet

of the transmission gear causing backward movement in a motor vehicle; "in reverse gear"
a relation of direct opposition; "we thought Sue was older than Bill but just the reverse was true" (同)contrary, opposite
the gears by which the motion of a machine can be reversed (同)reverse gear
the side of a coin or medal that does not bear the principal design (同)verso
(American football) a running play in which a back running in one direction hands the ball to a back running in the opposite direction
an unfortunate happening that hinders or impedes; something that is thwarting or frustrating (同)reversal, setback, blow, black_eye
a substance that retards or stops an activity
a lapel on a womans garment; turned back to show the reverse side (同)revere
turned inside out and resewn; "the reversed collar looked as good as new"
the enzyme that copies DNA into RNA (同)RNA_polymerase

PrepTutorEJDIC

(位置・方向・順序などにおいて)『逆の』;裏側の』 / 逆に動かす(動く),バックの / 〈U〉《the reverse》(…の)『反対』,『逆』《+『of』+『名』(『wh』‐節)》》 / 〈U〉《the reverse》(貨幣・メダルなどの)『裏側』,(一般に)(…の)裏面《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉(運命などの)逆転,不運 / 〈U〉後退[装置],逆転[装置] / …‘を'『逆にする』,反対にする;…‘を'裏返す / 〈機械など〉‘を'逆転させる,逆方向に動かす / 〈判決など〉‘を'取り消す,破棄する / (ダンスで)逆に回る / 〈機械などが〉逆方向に動く
抑制する人(物) / 化学反応抑制剤
（フランス語）(えりの)裏出し,折り返し
逆にした,反対の,裏返のし;取り消された

UpToDate Contents

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1. 非ヌクレオシド系逆転写酵素阻害剤の薬理学 pharmacology of non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
2. HIV抗レトロウイルス療法に関する臨床試験：非ヌクレオシド系逆転写酵素阻害剤 clinical trials of hiv antiretroviral therapy non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
3. HIV抗レトロウイルス療法の変更 modifying hiv antiretroviral therapy regimens
4. 妊娠時の抗レトロウイルス剤：非ヌクレオシド系逆転写酵素阻害剤 antiretroviral medications in pregnancy non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
5. 治療経験のある薬剤耐性HIV感染患者における抗レトロウイルス療法の選択 selection of antiretroviral therapy for the treatment experienced patient with drug resistant hiv infection

English Journal

Pain treatment in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus in later stages: pharmacological aspects.

Fontes AS, Gonçalves JF.Author information 1Joaquim Urbano Hospital - Oporto Hospital Center, Portugal.AbstractPain is a common and debilitating symptom of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease, although it is often underestimated and undertreated, especially in HIV-infected intravenous drug users. It is more likely to occur in the later stages of the HIV disease, where it assumes particular significance, especially in terminally ill patients. However, its successful management is possible, though the goal of effective therapy is hampered by the side effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy and drug-drug interactions. In order to appraise these issues, a search in MEDLINE database was conducted. Book reviews and a search on relevant Web sites were also included. Treatment of HIV is itself very complex and becomes even more difficult when palliative therapy is added. Protease inhibitors, mainly ritonavir, and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors have higher interaction potential, due to their inducer or inhibitory actions on cytochrome P450, posing a risk when coadministered with palliative treatments; so, better outcomes can be achieved with knowledge of pharmacological aspects.
The American journal of hospice & palliative care.Am J Hosp Palliat Care.2014 Mar;31(2):194-201. doi: 10.1177/1049909113480553. Epub 2013 Mar 15.
Pain is a common and debilitating symptom of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease, although it is often underestimated and undertreated, especially in HIV-infected intravenous drug users. It is more likely to occur in the later stages of the HIV disease, where it assumes particular significanc
PMID 23503562

HIV-1 drug resistance prevalence, drug susceptibility and variant characterization in the Jacobi Medical Center paediatric cohort, Bronx, NY, USA.

de Mulder M, York V, Wiznia A, Michaud H, Nixon D, Holguin A, Rosenberg M.Author information HIV-1 Molecular Epidemiology Laboratory, Microbiology and Parasitology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital-IRyCIS, Madrid, Spain; Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.AbstractOBJECTIVES: With the advent of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), perinatally HIV-infected children are surviving into adolescence and beyond. However, drug resistance mutations (DRMs) compromise viral control, affecting the long-term effectiveness of ART. The aims of this study were to detect and identify DRMs in a HIV-1 infected paediatric cohort.
HIV medicine.HIV Med.2014 Mar;15(3):135-43. doi: 10.1111/hiv.12089. Epub 2013 Sep 25.
OBJECTIVES: With the advent of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), perinatally HIV-infected children are surviving into adolescence and beyond. However, drug resistance mutations (DRMs) compromise viral control, affecting the long-term effectiveness of ART. The aims of this study were to detect
PMID 24112468

Increased incidence of antiretroviral drug discontinuation among patients with viremic hepatitis C virus coinfection and high hyaluronic acid, a marker of liver fibrosis.

Grint D, Peters L, Rockstroh JK, de Wit S, Mitsura VM, Knysz B, Pedersen C, Kirk O, Lundgren JD, Mocroft A; for EuroSIDA in EuroCoord.Author information aDepartment of Infection and Population Health, University College London, London, UK bCopenhagen HIV Programme, University of Copenhagen cDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark dDepartment of Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany eDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Saint-Pierre Hospital, Brussels, Belgium fInfectious Diseases Department, Gomel State Medical University, Gomel, Belarus gDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland hInfectious Diseases Department, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.AbstractBACKGROUND: Most antiretroviral drugs are metabolized by the liver; hepatic disease or liver damage as a result of hepatitis C virus (HCV) could impair this metabolism leading to an increased risk of drug toxicity. This study aimed to determine the risk of antiretroviral drug discontinuation among HCV/HIV coinfected patients.
AIDS (London, England).AIDS.2014 Feb 20;28(4):577-87. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000000069.
BACKGROUND: Most antiretroviral drugs are metabolized by the liver; hepatic disease or liver damage as a result of hepatitis C virus (HCV) could impair this metabolism leading to an increased risk of drug toxicity. This study aimed to determine the risk of antiretroviral drug discontinuation among H
PMID 24468998

Japanese Journal

Nonnucleoside HIV-1 Reverse-Transcriptase Inhibitors, Part 5. : Synthesis and Anti-HIV-1 Activity of Novel 6-Naphthylthio HEPT Analogues

SUN Guang Fu,CHEN Xu Xiang,CHEN Fen Er,WANG Yue Ping,CLERCQ Erik De,BALZARINI Jan,PANNECOUQUE Christophe
Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin 53(8), 886-892, 2005-08-01
… As part of a series of studies to discover new HIV reverse-transcriptase inhibitors, various novel 6α- and 6β-naphthylthio 1-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]-6-(phenylthio) thymine (HEPT) derivatives were synthesized, and in vitro anti-HIV-1 activity was evaluated. …
NAID 10016655563