WordNet

kiss, embrace, or fondle with sexual passion; "The couple were necking in the back seat of the car" (同)make_out
an opening in a garment for the neck of the wearer; a part of the garment near the wearers neck (同)neck opening
a narrow part of an artifact that resembles a neck in position or form; "the banjo had a long neck"; "the bottle had a wide neck"
the part of an organism (human or animal) that connects the head to the rest of the body; "he admired her long graceful neck"; "the horse won by a neck" (同)cervix
a cut of meat from the neck of an animal
a narrow elongated projecting strip of land
firm resoluteness in purpose or opinion or action; "a charming host without any touch of stiffness or pomposity"
the physical property of being inflexible and hard to bend
the property of moving with pain or difficulty; "he awoke with a painful stiffness in his neck"
having a neck or having a neck especially as specified (often used in combination)

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈C〉(人間・動物の)『首』;首の骨 / 〈C〉(衣服の)えり / 〈C〉首の形をした物 / 〈U〉〈C〉(食品としての)(羊などの)頚肉(けいにく) / キスして愛撫(あいぶ)し合う
堅いこと;硬直;堅苦しいこと

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/11/10 10:39:45」(JST)

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Meningism is the triad of nuchal rigidity (neck stiffness), photophobia (intolerance of bright light) and headache. It is a sign of irritation of the meninges, such as seen in meningitis, subarachnoid hemorrhages and various other diseases. "Meningismus" is the term used when the above listed symptoms are present without actual infection or inflammation; usually it is seen in concordance with other acute illnesses in the pediatric population.^[1] Related clinical signs include Kernig's sign and three signs all named Brudzinski's sign.

Clinical signs

The main clinical signs that indicate meningism are nuchal rigidity, Kernig's sign and Brudzinski's signs. None of the signs are particularly sensitive; in adults with meningitis, nuchal rigidity was present in 30% and Kernig's or Brudzinski's sign only in 5%.^[2]

Nuchal rigidity

Nuchal rigidity is the inability to flex the neck forward due to rigidity of the neck muscles; if flexion of the neck is painful but full range of motion is present, nuchal rigidity is absent.^{[citation needed]}

Kernig's sign

Kernig's sign (after Waldemar Kernig (1840–1917), a Baltic German neurologist) is positive when the thigh is bent at the hip and knee at 90 degree angles, and subsequent extension in the knee is painful (leading to resistance).^[3] This may indicate subarachnoid hemorrhage or meningitis.^[4] Patients may also show opisthotonus—spasm of the whole body that leads to legs and head being bent back and body bowed backwards.^{[citation needed]}

Brudzinski's signs

References

^ ICD9Data.com - Diagnosis Codes, Meningismus
^ ^a ^b Thomas KE, Hasbun R, Jekel J, Quagliarello VJ (2002). "The diagnostic accuracy of Kernig's sign, Brudzinski's sign, and nuchal rigidity in adults with suspected meningitis". Clin. Infect. Dis. 35 (1): 46–52. doi:10.1086/340979. PMID 12060874. http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/full/10.1086/340979.
^ Kernig VM (1882). "Ein Krankheitssymptom der acuten Meningitis". St Petersb Med Wochensch 7: 398.
^ O'Connor, Simon; Talley, Nicholas Joseph (2001). Clinical Examination: A Systematic Guide to Physical Diagnosis. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishers. p. 363. ISBN 0-632-05971-0.
^ Brudzinski J (1909). "Un signe nouveau sur les membres inférieurs dans les méningites chez les enfants (signe de la nuque)". Arch Med Enf 12: 745–52.
^ doctor/2299 at Who Named It?
^ ^a ^b Brudzinski J (1916). "Über neue Symptome von Gehirnhautentzündung und -reizung bei Kindern, insbesondere bei tuberkulösen". Berl Klin Wochensch 53: 686–90.
^ Brudzinski J (1908). "Über die kontralateralen Reflexe an den unteren Extremitäten bei Kindern". Wien Klin Wochensch 8: 255–61.

External links

FPnotebook page on meningeal signs
Image of Kernig's sign

UpToDate Contents

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1. 小児における項部硬直の評価 evaluation of neck stiffness in children
2. 頚部痛および頚椎症の患者の評価 evaluation of the patient with neck pain and cervical spine disorders
3. 頚部痛の治療 treatment of neck pain
4. 成人における急性細菌性髄膜炎の臨床的特徴および診断 clinical features and diagnosis of acute bacterial meningitis in adults
5. 扁桃の蜂巣炎および膿瘍 peritonsillar cellulitis and abscess

English Journal

Aortic pulse wave velocity results depend on which carotid artery is used for the measurements.

Dzeko M, Peters CD, Kjaergaard KD, Jensen JD, Jespersen B.SourceDepartment of Renal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark.
Journal of hypertension.J Hypertens.2013 Jan;31(1):117-22. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0b013e32835b051b.
OBJECTIVE: : Aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV) is a gold standard noninvasive marker of arterial stiffness. aPWV is usually obtained as carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity by measurements on the common carotid artery and the femoral artery. The carotid arteries branch slightly differently from the a
PMID 23221934

Japanese Journal

NSAIDsにシメチジン追加後早期に疼痛が改善した石灰沈着性頸長筋腱炎例

石原久司,牧原靖一郎,宮武智実 [他],津村宗近,假谷伸
耳鼻咽喉科臨床 108(3), 243-247, 2015
… It causes acute neck pain, limitations of neck movement and swallowing pain. … A 45-year-old man visited our hospital with a complaint of severe neck pain and stiffness despite 3 days of therapy with loxoprofen prescribed by the first doctor he visited. … His neck pain improved remarkably in one day after commencing cimetidine treatment. …
NAID 130004827522

頸部郭清術後早期の肩関節リハビリテーションの有用性

春日井滋,渡辺昭司,赤澤吉弘 [他],深澤雅彦,三上公志,齋藤善光,阿久津征利,肥塚泉
耳鼻咽喉科臨床 108(3), 229-235, 2015
… Radical neck dissection (RND) has been used as a standard operative technique in the surgical management of lymph node metastases from head and neck cancer. …
NAID 130004827517