WordNet

pertaining to or constituting a base or basis; "a basic fact"; "the basic ingredients"; "basic changes in public opinion occur because of changes in priorities"
(usually plural) a necessary commodity for which demand is constant (同)staple
reduced to the simplest and most significant form possible without loss of generality; "a basic story line"; "a canonical syllable pattern" (同)canonic, canonical
serving as a base or starting point; "a basic course in Russian"; "basic training for raw recruits"; "a set of basic tools"; "an introductory art course" (同)introductory
of or denoting or of the nature of or containing a base
any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells; consist of polymers of amino acids; essential in the diet of animals for growth and for repair of tissues; can be obtained from meat and eggs and milk and legumes; "a diet high in protein"
a popular programming language that is relatively easy to learn; an acronym for beginners all-purpose symbolic instruction code; no longer in general use
a statement of fundamental facts or principles (同)rudiments
a white fatty substance that forms a medullary sheath around the axis cylinder of some nerve fibers (同)myeline, medulla

PrepTutorEJDIC

『基礎の』,基本的な(fundamental) / 塩基性(アルカリ性)の
蛋白(たんばく)質
基本,基礎

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/10/23 23:26:06」(JST)

wiki en

Myelin basic protein (MBP) is a protein believed to be important in the process of myelination of nerves in the nervous system. The myelin sheath is a multi-layered membrane, unique to the nervous system, that functions as an insulator to greatly increase the velocity of axonal impulse conduction.^[1] MBP maintains the correct structure of myelin, interacting with the lipids in the myelin membrane.^[2]^[3]

MBP was initially sequenced in 1971 after isolation from myelin membranes.^[4] Since that time, knockout mice deficient in MBP that showed decreased amounts of CNS myelination and a progressive disorder characterized by tremors, seizures, and early death have been developed. The human gene for MBP is on chromosome 18;^[5] the protein localizes to the CNS and to various cells of the hematopoietic system.

The pool of MBP in the central nervous system is very diverse, with several splice variants being expressed and a large number of post-translational modifications on the protein, which include phosphorylation, methylation, deamidation, and citrullination. These forms differ by the presence or the absence of short (10 to 20 residues) peptides in various internal locations in the sequence. In general, the major form of MBP is a protein of about 18.5 Kd (170 residues).

In melanocytic cell types, MBP gene expression may be regulated by MITF.^[6]

Function

The protein encoded by the classic MBP gene is a major constituent of the myelin sheath of oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells in the nervous system. However, MBP-related transcripts are also present in the bone marrow and the immune system. These mRNAs arise from the long MBP gene (otherwise called "Golli-MBP") that contains 3 additional exons located upstream of the classic MBP exons. Alternative splicing from the Golli and the MBP transcription start sites gives rise to 2 sets of MBP-related transcripts and gene products. The Golli mRNAs contain 3 exons unique to Golli-MBP, spliced in-frame to 1 or more MBP exons. They encode hybrid proteins that have N-terminal Golli aa sequence linked to MBP aa sequence. The second family of transcripts contain only MBP exons and produce the well-characterized myelin basic proteins. This complex gene structure is conserved among species, suggesting that the MBP transcription unit is an integral part of the Golli transcription unit and that this arrangement is important for the function and/or regulation of these genes.^[7]

Role in disease

Interest in MBP has centered on its role in demyelinating diseases, in particular, multiple sclerosis (MS). Several studies have shown a role for antibodies against MBP in the pathogenesis of MS.^[8] Some studies have linked a genetic predisposition to MS to the MBP gene, though a majority have not.

Some recent works have shown that inoculating an animal with MBP to generate an immune response against it increases blood–brain barrier permeability.^{[citation needed]}

A targeted immune response to MBP has been researched in lethal rabies infection. The inoculation of MBP generates increases the permeability of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), allowing immune cells to enter the brain, the primary site of rabies virus replication. In a study of mice infected with Silver-haired bat rabies virus (SHBRV), the mortality rate of mice treated with MBP improved 20%-30% over the untreated control group. It is significant to note that healthy uninfected mice treated with MBP showed an increase in mortality rate between 0% and 40%.^[9]

A "molecular mimicry" hypothesis of multiple sclerosis has been suggested, in which T cells are, in essence, confusing MBP with human herpesvirus-6. Researchers in the United States created a synthetic peptide with a sequence identical to that of an HHV-6 peptide. They were able to show that T cells were activated by this peptide. These activated T cells also recognized and initiated an immune response against a synthetically created peptide sequence that is identical to part of human MBP. During their research, they found that the levels of these cross-reactive T cells are significantly elevated in multiple sclerosis patients.^[10]

Interactions

Myelin basic protein has been shown to interact in vivo with Proteolipid protein 1,^[11]^[12] and in vitro with Calmodulin, Actin, Tropomyosin, Tubulin, Clathrin, 2',3'-Cyclic-nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase and multiple molecules of the Immune system.^[13]

References

^ Sakamoto Y, Kitamura K, Yoshimura K, Nishijima T, Uyemura K (March 1987). "Complete amino acid sequence of PO protein in bovine peripheral nerve myelin". J. Biol. Chem. 262 (9): 4208–14. PMID 2435734.
^ Deber CM, Reynolds SJ (April 1991). "Central nervous system myelin: structure, function, and pathology". Clin. Biochem. 24 (2): 113–34. doi:10.1016/0009-9120(91)90421-a. PMID 1710177.
^ Inouye H, Kirschner DA (January 1991). "Folding and function of the myelin proteins from primary sequence data". J. Neurosci. Res. 28 (1): 1–17. doi:10.1002/jnr.490280102. PMID 1710279.
^ Eylar EH, Brostoff S, Hashim G, Caccam J, Burnett P (September 1971). "Basic A1 protein of the myelin membrane. The complete amino acid sequence". J. Biol. Chem. 246 (18): 5770–84. PMID 5096093.
^ Saxe DF, Takahashi N, Hood L, Simon MI (1985). "Localization of the human myelin basic protein gene (MBP) to region 18q22----qter by in situ hybridization". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 39 (4): 246–9. doi:10.1159/000132152. PMID 2414074.
^ Hoek KS, Schlegel NC, Eichhoff OM, Widmer DS, Praetorius C, Einarsson SO, Valgeirsdottir S, Bergsteinsdottir K, Schepsky A, Dummer R, Steingrimsson E (December 2008). "Novel MITF targets identified using a two-step DNA microarray strategy". Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 21 (6): 665–76. doi:10.1111/j.1755-148X.2008.00505.x. PMID 19067971.
^ "Entrez Gene: myelin basic protein".
^ Berger T, Rubner P, Schautzer F, Egg R, Ulmer H, Mayringer I, Dilitz E, Deisenhammer F, Reindl M (July 2003). "Antimyelin antibodies as a predictor of clinically definite multiple sclerosis after a first demyelinating event". N. Engl. J. Med. 349 (2): 139–45. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa022328. PMID 12853586.
^ Roy A, Hooper DC (August 2007). "Lethal silver-haired bat rabies virus infection can be prevented by opening the blood–brain barrier". J. Virol. 81 (15): 7993–8. doi:10.1128/JVI.00710-07. PMC 1951307. PMID 17507463.
^ Tejada-Simon, Maria (2003). "Cross-reactivity with myelin basic protein and human herpesvirus-6 in multiple sclerosi". annals of neurology 53 (2): 189. doi:10.1002/ana.10425.
^ Wood DD, Vella GJ, Moscarello MA (October 1984). "Interaction between human myelin basic protein and lipophilin". Neurochem. Res. 9 (10): 1523–31. doi:10.1007/BF00964678. PMID 6083474.
^ Edwards AM, Ross NW, Ulmer JB, Braun PE (January 1989). "Interaction of myelin basic protein and proteolipid protein". J. Neurosci. Res. 22 (1): 97–102. doi:10.1002/jnr.490220113. PMID 2467009.
^ Harauz, George et al (2004). "Myelin basic protein—diverse conformational states of an intrinsically unstructured protein and its roles in myelin assembly and multiple sclerosis". Micron 35 (7): 503–542. doi:10.1016/j.micron.2004.04.005.

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 成人における多発性硬化症の診断 diagnosis of multiple sclerosis in adults
2. 小児多発性硬化症の病因、臨床的特徴、および診断 pathogenesis clinical features and diagnosis of pediatric multiple sclerosis
3. 小児における急性散在性脳脊髄炎：病因、臨床的特徴、および診断 acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in children pathogenesis clinical features and diagnosis
4. 自己免疫の概要 overview of autoimmunity
5. 視神経炎：病態生理、臨床的特徴、および診断 optic neuritis pathophysiology clinical features and diagnosis

English Journal

α-Synuclein impairs oligodendrocyte progenitor maturation in multiple system atrophy.

May VE1, Ettle B1, Poehler AM1, Nuber S2, Ubhi K2, Rockenstein E2, Winner B3, Wegner M4, Masliah E2, Winkler J5.
Neurobiology of aging.Neurobiol Aging.2014 Oct;35(10):2357-68. doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.02.028. Epub 2014 Mar 4.
Multiple system atrophy (MSA), an atypical parkinsonian disorder, is characterized by α-synuclein (α-syn(+)) cytoplasmatic inclusions in mature oligodendrocytes. Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) represent a distinct cell population with the potential to replace dysfunctional oligodendrocyte
PMID 24698767

Beneficial effects of thymosin β4 on spinal cord injury in the rat.

Cheng P1, Kuang F1, Zhang H1, Ju G2, Wang J3.
Neuropharmacology.Neuropharmacology.2014 Oct;85:408-16. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.06.004. Epub 2014 Jun 14.
Thymosin β4 (Tβ4) has many physiological functions that are highly relevant to spinal cord injury (SCI), including neuronal survival, anti-inflammation, wound repair promotion, and angiogenesis. The present study investigated the therapeutic value of Tβ4 in SCI, with a focus on its neuroprotectiv
PMID 24937047

A role of peripheral myelin protein 2 in lipid homeostasis of myelinating schwann cells.

Zenker J1, Stettner M, Ruskamo S, Domènech-Estévez E, Baloui H, Médard JJ, Verheijen MH, Brouwers JF, Kursula P, Kieseier BC, Chrast R.
Glia.Glia.2014 Sep;62(9):1502-12. doi: 10.1002/glia.22696. Epub 2014 May 21.
Peripheral myelin protein 2 (Pmp2, P2 or Fabp8), a member of the fatty acid binding protein family, was originally described together with myelin basic protein (Mbp or P1) and myelin protein zero (Mpz or P0) as one of the most abundant myelin proteins in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Although
PMID 24849898

Japanese Journal

Myelin basic protein as a novel genetic risk factor in rheumatoid arthritis-a genome-wide study combined with immunological analyses.

Terao Chikashi,Ohmura Koichiro,Katayama Masaki,Takahashi Meiko,Kokubo Miki,Diop Gora,Toda Yoshinobu,Yamamoto Natsuki,Human Disease Genomics Working Group,Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Clinical and Genetic Study Consortium,Shinkura Reiko,Shimizu Masakazu,Gut Ivo,Heath Simon,Melchers Inga,Manabe Toshiaki,Lathrop Mark,Mimori Tsuneyo,Yamada Ryo,Matsuda Fumihiko
PloS one 6(6), 2011-06
… A novel risk variant, rs2000811, in intron2 of the myelin basic protein (MBP) at chromosome 18q23 showed strong association with RA (p = 2.7×10(-8), OR 1.23, 95% CI: 1.14-1.32). …
NAID 120003184064

Histopathological, Immunohistochemical and Ultrastructural Studies of a Renal Mesenchymal Tumor in a Young Beagle dog

SUZUKI Yui,TAKABA Katsumi,YAMAGUCHI Itaru,MYOUJOU Kensuke,KIMOTO Naoya,IKEGAMI Hisashi,SAEKI Koji,IMAIZUMI Minami,TAKADA Chie
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science advpub(0), 1108090606, 2011
… Immunohistochemically, tumor cells were positive for vimentin and fibronectin, and negative for cytokeratin, desmin, α-smooth muscle actin, Von Willebrand factor, cyclooxigenase-2 and myelin basic protein. …
NAID 130001032841

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「ミエリン塩基性タンパク質」「MBP」
関連記事	「basic」「myel」「basic protein」

「ミエリン塩基性タンパク質」

Myelin basic protein
	; Rendering of MBP from PDB 1BX2
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	1BX2, 1FV1, 1HQR, 1K2D, 1QCL, 1YMM, 1ZGL
Identifiers
Symbols	MBP ; MGC99675
External IDs	OMIM: 159430 MGI: 96925 HomoloGene: 1788 GeneCards: MBP Gene
Gene ontology
Molecular function	• protease binding; • protein binding; • structural constituent of myelin sheath;
Cellular component	• nucleus; • plasma membrane; • internode region of axon; • neuronal cell body; • compact myelin;
Biological process	• immune response; • synaptic transmission; • central nervous system development; • axon ensheathment; • response to toxic substance; • substantia nigra development; • myelination; • negative regulation of axonogenesis; • membrane organization;
	Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
	More reference expression data
Orthologs
	This box: view; talk; edit;

Available protein structures:
Pfam	structures
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum	structure summary

Myelin_MBP
Identifiers
Symbol	Myelin_MBP
Pfam	PF01669
InterPro	IPR000548
PROSITE	PDOC00492
SCOP	1bx2
SUPERFAMILY	1bx2
OPM superfamily	464
OPM protein	2lug
Available protein structures:
Pfam	structures
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum	structure summary

　　[★]

英: myelin basic protein MBP
同: 髄鞘塩基性蛋白質
関: 多発性硬化症

[show details]

ミエリン塩基性蛋白質 : 87 件
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ミエリン塩基性タンパク質 : 約 48,600 件
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中枢神経の髄鞘に存在する蛋白質。
多発性硬化症では髄液中にミエリン塩基性蛋白質が検出される

「MBP」

　　[★]

「basic」

　　[★]

adj.

基礎の、基礎的な、基本の、基本的な、(化学)塩基の、塩基性の、ベーシックな

関: basal、base、bases、basically、basicity、basis、cardinal、element、elemental、elementary、essential、essentially、fundamental、fundamentally、fundamentals

「myel」

　　[★]

comb form

髄、脊髄、骨髄の意味

ex.

myeloncephalon 髄脳

「basic protein」

　　[★]

塩基性タンパク質、塩基性蛋白質、塩基性蛋白

[pmid2435734-1] Sakamoto Y, Kitamura K, Yoshimura K, Nishijima T, Uyemura K (March 1987). "Complete amino acid sequence of PO protein in bovine peripheral nerve myelin". J. Biol. Chem. 262 (9): 4208–14. PMID 2435734.

[pmid1710177-2] Deber CM, Reynolds SJ (April 1991). "Central nervous system myelin: structure, function, and pathology". Clin. Biochem. 24 (2): 113–34. doi:10.1016/0009-9120(91)90421-a. PMID 1710177.

[pmid1710279-3] Inouye H, Kirschner DA (January 1991). "Folding and function of the myelin proteins from primary sequence data". J. Neurosci. Res. 28 (1): 1–17. doi:10.1002/jnr.490280102. PMID 1710279.

[pmid5096093-4] Eylar EH, Brostoff S, Hashim G, Caccam J, Burnett P (September 1971). "Basic A1 protein of the myelin membrane. The complete amino acid sequence". J. Biol. Chem. 246 (18): 5770–84. PMID 5096093.

[pmid2414074-5] Saxe DF, Takahashi N, Hood L, Simon MI (1985). "Localization of the human myelin basic protein gene (MBP) to region 18q22----qter by in situ hybridization". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 39 (4): 246–9. doi:10.1159/000132152. PMID 2414074.

[pmid19067971-6] Hoek KS, Schlegel NC, Eichhoff OM, Widmer DS, Praetorius C, Einarsson SO, Valgeirsdottir S, Bergsteinsdottir K, Schepsky A, Dummer R, Steingrimsson E (December 2008). "Novel MITF targets identified using a two-step DNA microarray strategy". Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 21 (6): 665–76. doi:10.1111/j.1755-148X.2008.00505.x. PMID 19067971.

[entrez-7] "Entrez Gene: myelin basic protein".

[pmid12853586-8] Berger T, Rubner P, Schautzer F, Egg R, Ulmer H, Mayringer I, Dilitz E, Deisenhammer F, Reindl M (July 2003). "Antimyelin antibodies as a predictor of clinically definite multiple sclerosis after a first demyelinating event". N. Engl. J. Med. 349 (2): 139–45. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa022328. PMID 12853586.

[pmid17507463-9] Roy A, Hooper DC (August 2007). "Lethal silver-haired bat rabies virus infection can be prevented by opening the blood–brain barrier". J. Virol. 81 (15): 7993–8. doi:10.1128/JVI.00710-07. PMC 1951307. PMID 17507463.

[10] Tejada-Simon, Maria (2003). "Cross-reactivity with myelin basic protein and human herpesvirus-6 in multiple sclerosi". annals of neurology 53 (2): 189. doi:10.1002/ana.10425.

[pmid6083474-11] Wood DD, Vella GJ, Moscarello MA (October 1984). "Interaction between human myelin basic protein and lipophilin". Neurochem. Res. 9 (10): 1523–31. doi:10.1007/BF00964678. PMID 6083474.

[pmid2467009-12] Edwards AM, Ross NW, Ulmer JB, Braun PE (January 1989). "Interaction of myelin basic protein and proteolipid protein". J. Neurosci. Res. 22 (1): 97–102. doi:10.1002/jnr.490220113. PMID 2467009.

[13] Harauz, George et al (2004). "Myelin basic protein—diverse conformational states of an intrinsically unstructured protein and its roles in myelin assembly and multiple sclerosis". Micron 35 (7): 503–542. doi:10.1016/j.micron.2004.04.005.

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myelin basic protein