miosis

縮瞳

WordNet

1. the syllable naming the third (mediant) note of any major scale in solmization
2. of or relating to or causing constriction of the pupil of the eye; "a miotic drug" (同)myotic

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. ミ(全音階の第3音)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/11/25 03:39:39」(JST)

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Not to be confused with meiosis, mitosis, or myositis.

Miosis
Classification and external resources
Miosis due to opiate use
ICD-10	H57.0
ICD-9	379.42
DiseasesDB	8243
MeSH	D015877

Miosis (or myosis, from Ancient Greek μύειν, mūein, "to close the eyes") is a term with various definitions, which generally include constriction of the pupil.

The opposite condition, mydriasis, is the dilation of the pupil. Anisocoria is the condition of one pupil being more dilated than the other.

Definitions

Definitions of miosis include:

• Constriction of the pupil that is excessive, relative to the amount of light the pupil receives
• Constriction of the pupil to a diameter of less than two millimeters
• Constriction of the pupil with causes including both abnormal and physiological ones.
• Pupillary constriction by abnormal causes.

Physiology of the photomotor reflex

Light entering the eye strikes three different photoreceptors in the retina: the familiar rods and cones used in image forming and the more newly discovered photosensitive ganglion cells. The ganglion cells give information about ambient light levels, and react sluggishly compared to the rods and cones. Signals from photosensitive ganglion cells have multiple functions including acute suppression of the hormone melatonin, entrainment of the body's circadian rhythms and regulation of the size of the pupil.

The retinal photoceptors convert light stimuli into electric impulses. Nerves involved in the resizing of the pupil connect to the pretectal nucleus of the high midbrain, bypassing the lateral geniculate nucleus and the primary visual cortex. From the pretectal nucleus neurons send axons to neurons of the Edinger-Westphal nucleus whose visceromotor axons run along both the left and right oculomotor nerves. Visceromotor nerve axons (which constitute a portion of cranial nerve III, along with the somatomotor portion derived from the Edinger-Westphal nucleus) synapse on ciliary ganglion neurons, whose parasympathetic axons innervate the iris sphincter muscle, producing miosis. This occurs because sympathetic activity from the ciliary ganglion is lost thus parasympathetics are not inhibited. Image

Causes

Age

• senile miosis (a reduction in the size of a person's pupil in old age)

Diseases

• Horner's syndrome
• Hemorrhage into pons (intracranial hemorrhage)
• Hereditary disorders
• Cluster Headaches with ptosis
• Iridocyclitis
• Fatal familial insomnia

Drugs

• Opioids such as fentanyl, morphine, heroin and methadone (the notable exception being demerol/pethidine)
• Antipsychotics, including risperdal, haloperidol, thorazine, olanzapine, quetiapine and others
• Cholinergic agents such as acetylcholine
• Some cancer chemotherapy drugs, including camptothecin derivatives
• Mirtazapine, a noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant (NaSSA)
• Trazodone
• Some MAO Inhibitors.
• Pilocarpine Eye drops and all other parasympathomimetics
• In some rare cases, when exposed to mustard gas.
• Organophosphates

See also

• Adie syndrome
• Cycloplegia
• Marcus Gunn pupil
• Parinaud's syndrome
• Syphilis

References

External links

• FP Notebook
• -1254817782 at GPnotebook

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

• 1. 瞳孔不同患者へのアプローチ approach to the patient with anisocoria
• 2. 成人における急性オピオイド中毒 acute opioid intoxication in adults
• 3. ホルネル症候群 horners syndrome
• 4. 第二世代（非定型）抗精神病薬中毒 second generation atypical antipsychotic medication poisoning
• 5. 抗コリン剤中毒 anticholinergic poisoning

English Journal

• Corneal endothelial cell changes after cataract surgery in patients on systemic sympathetic α-1a antagonist medication (tamsulosin).

• Storr-Paulsen A1, Jørgensen JS, Norregaard JC, Thulesen J.
• Acta ophthalmologica.Acta Ophthalmol.2014 Jun;92(4):359-63. doi: 10.1111/aos.12140. Epub 2013 Apr 26.
• Purpose:  The purpose of this study was to assess the incidence of intraoperative floppy iris syndrome (IFIS) and the morphology of the corneal endothelium after cataract extraction in Caucasian male patients exposed to the α-1a adrenergic receptor antagonist tamsulosin. Methods:  In a clinical
• PMID 23617291

• Atypical antipsychotic poisoning in young children: a multicentre analysis of poisons centres data.

• Meli M1, Rauber-Lüthy C, Hoffmann-Walbeck P, Reinecke HJ, Prasa D, Stedtler U, Färber E, Genser D, Kupferschmidt H, Kullak-Ublick GA, Ceschi A.
• European journal of pediatrics.Eur J Pediatr.2014 Jun;173(6):743-50. doi: 10.1007/s00431-013-2241-y. Epub 2013 Dec 27.
• Although paediatric patients frequently suffer from intoxications with atypical antipsychotics, the number of studies in young children, which have assessed the effects of acute exposure to this class of drugs, is very limited. The aim of this study was to achieve a better characterization of the ac
• PMID 24370666

• Methylnaltrexone: its pharmacological effects alone and effects on morphine in healthy volunteers.

• Zacny JP1, Wroblewski K, Coalson DW.
• Psychopharmacology.Psychopharmacology (Berl).2014 May 29. [Epub ahead of print]
• RATIONALE: Methylnaltrexone bromide (MTNX) is a peripherally acting mu-opioid receptor antagonist, prescribed for the treatment of opioid-induced constipation in patients with advanced illness who are receiving palliative care. Studies have used this drug to determine if other opioid-induced effects
• PMID 24871705

Japanese Journal

• サリン被害後の眼科的後遺症

• 岩佐 真弓,井上 賢治,若倉 雅登
• あたらしい眼科 = Journal of the eye 29(10), 1435-1439, 2012-10-30
• NAID 10031120871

• サリン被害後の眼科的後遺症

• 岩佐 真弓,井上 賢治,若倉 雅登
• あたらしい眼科 29(10), 1435-1439, 2012-10-00
• NAID 40019470938

• Optical Simulation of Reduced Retinal Illuminance Caused by Senile Miosis

• SUZUKI Taka-aki,OKAJIMA Katsunori,FUNAI Takashi
• Optical review 19(3), 174-181, 2012-06-01
• NAID 10030594294

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「虹彩」「縮瞳」「miotic」「瞳孔収縮」「mi」
拡張検索	「pupillary miosis」

「虹彩」

　　[★]

英

iris (KH)

関

眼

• 虹彩には瞳孔散大筋と瞳孔括約筋が存在し、自律神経に支配されている

自律神経	平滑筋	機能
交感神経	瞳孔散大筋	散瞳	mydriasis
副交感神経	瞳孔括約筋	縮瞳	miosis

「縮瞳」

　　[★]

英

miosis　← mio(より小さい) + sis

ラ

myosis

同

瞳孔縮小 pupillary constriction

関

瞳孔

対

散瞳

病態

• 副交感神経の興奮による
• 交感神経の障害による

臨床関連

薬物中毒

• 麻薬：モルヒネ
• 有機リン
• トリクロロエタノール

　

疾患

• ホルネル症候群 Horner症候群
• 橋出血

　

参考

• 1. 縮瞳

余りよく分からない

http://www.flickr.com/photos/bionerd/3238702465/

http://webeye.ophth.uiowa.edu/eyeforum/atlas/pages/cornea-corneal-abrasion-with-reflex-spastic-miosis.html

「miotic」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 縮瞳性の、縮瞳の

• n.

• 縮瞳薬、縮瞳剤

関

contracted pupil、miosis、miotics、pupillary miosis

　

「瞳孔収縮」

　　[★]

英

miosis、pupillary miosis、contracted pupil

関

縮瞳、瞳孔縮小、小瞳孔、収縮瞳孔

「mi」

　　[★]

mi-, mio-

• conb form

• より小さい、より少ない。劣った

• ex.

• miosis 縮瞳

？

MI

　 　

「pupillary miosis」

　　[★]

• 縮瞳、瞳孔収縮

関

constricted pupil、contracted pupil、miosis、miotic、small pupil