メチル依存性ミスマッチ修復機構
WordNet
- straightforward in means or manner or behavior or language or action; "a direct question"; "a direct response"; "a direct approach"
- having no intervening persons, agents, conditions; "in direct sunlight"; "in direct contact with the voters"; "direct exposure to the disease"; "a direct link"; "the direct cause of the accident"; "direct vote" (同)unmediated
- in precisely the same words used by a writer or speaker; "a direct quotation"; "repeated their dialog verbatim" (同)verbatim
- (of a current) flowing in one direction only; "direct current"
- be in charge of
- being an immediate result or consequence; "a direct result of the accident"
- command with authority; "He directed the children to do their homework"
- direct in spatial dimensions; proceeding without deviation or interruption; straight and short; "a direct route"; "a direct flight"; "a direct hit"
- give directions to; point somebody into a certain direction; "I directed them towards the town hall"
- guide the actors in (plays and films)
- lacking compromising or mitigating elements; exact; "the direct opposite"
- moving from west to east on the celestial sphere; or--for planets--around the sun in the same direction as the Earth
- similar in nature or effect or relation to another quantity; "a term is in direct proportion to another term if it increases (or decreases) as the other increases (or decreases)"
- (physical chemistry) a sample of matter in which substances in different phases are in equilibrium; "in a static system oil cannot be replaced by water on a surface"; "a system generating hydrogen peroxide"
- instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work as a coherent entity; "he bought a new stereo system"; "the system consists of a motor and a small computer"
- a group of independent but interrelated elements comprising a unified whole; "a vast system of production and distribution and consumption keep the country going" (同)scheme
- a complex of methods or rules governing behavior; "they have to operate under a system they oppose"; "that language has a complex system for indicating gender" (同)system of rules
- a group of physiologically or anatomically related organs or parts; "the body has a system of organs for digestion"
- a procedure or process for obtaining an objective; "they had to devise a system that did not depend on cooperation"
- the living body considered as made up of interdependent components forming a unified whole; "exercise helped him get the alcohol out of his system"
- move, travel, or proceed toward some place; "He repaired to his cabin in the woods" (同)resort
- restore by replacing a part or putting together what is torn or broken; "She repaired her TV set"; "Repair my shoes please" (同)mend, fix, bushel, doctor, furbish up, restore, touch_on
- a formal way of referring to the condition of something; "the building was in good repair"
- the act of putting something in working order again (同)fix, fixing, fixture, mend, mending, reparation
- match badly; match two objects or people that do not go together
- a bad or unsuitable match
- either not matched or unsuitably matched
- (of a contest or contestants) not fairly matched as opponents; "vaudeville...waged an uneven battle against the church" (同)uneven
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 『まっすぐな』,一直線の(straight),直進する / (列車などが途中駅に寄らずに)直行 / 直系の / 『直接の』,じかの / 『率直な』,単刀直入の / 全くの,絶対の / 原典どおりの / 『まっすぐに』,直行で / 〈事〉‘を'『指揮する』,監督する / 《文》〈人〉‘に'『命令する』,指図する / 〈人〉‘に'(…への)『道を教える』《+『名』〈人〉+『to』+『名』》 / (…に)〈目・注意・努力など〉‘を'『向ける』《+『名』+『to』(『at, toward』)+『名』(do『ing』)》 / 〈音楽・演劇・映画など〉‘を'『指揮する』,演出する,監督する / (…に)〈手紙など〉‘を'あてる《+『名』+『to』+『名』》
- 〈C〉(関連した部分から成る)『体系』,系統,組織[網],装置 / 〈C〉(教育・政治などの)『制度』,機構;《the~》体制 / 〈C〉(思想・学問などの)『体系』,学説 / 〈C〉(…の)『方法』,方式,やり方《+of doing》 / 〈U〉正しい方針(筋道,順序) / 〈U〉《the~》(身体の)組織,系統 / 〈U〉《the~,one's~》身体,全身
- …‘を'『修繕する』,修理する / …‘を'『償う』;…‘を'訂正する』 / …‘を'回復する / 修繕(修理)できる / 『修繕』,『修理』,修繕作業 / 〈U〉手入れ(修理)の状態
- (大挙して)(…へ)行く(GO)《+『to』+『名』》
- …‘を'まずく(不釣り合いに)組み合わせる / まずい(不釣り合いな)組み合わせ
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Developing controllable hypermutable Clostridium cells through manipulating its methyl-directed mismatch repair system.
- Luan G, Cai Z, Gong F, Dong H, Lin Z, Zhang Y, Li Y.Author information CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.AbstractDevelopment of controllable hypermutable cells can greatly benefit understanding and harnessing microbial evolution. However, there have not been any similar systems developed for Clostridium, an important bacterial genus. Here we report a novel two-step strategy for developing controllable hypermutable cells of Clostridium acetobutylicum, an important and representative industrial strain. Firstly, the mutS/L operon essential for methyldirected mismatch repair (MMR) activity was inactivated from the genome of C. acetobutylicum to generate hypermutable cells with over 250-fold increased mutation rates. Secondly, a proofreading control system carrying an inducibly expressed mutS/L operon was constructed. The hypermutable cells and the proofreading control system were integrated to form a controllable hypermutable system SMBMutC, of which the mutation rates can be regulated by the concentration of anhydrotetracycline (aTc). Duplication of the miniPthl-tetR module of the proofreading control system further significantly expanded the regulatory space of the mutation rates, demonstrating hypermutable Clostridium cells with controllable mutation rates are generated. The developed C. acetobutylicum strain SMBMutC2 showed higher survival capacities than the control strain facing butanol-stress, indicating greatly increased evolvability and adaptability of the controllable hypermutable cells under environmental challenges.
- Protein & cell.Protein Cell.2013 Nov;4(11):854-62. doi: 10.1007/s13238-013-3079-9. Epub 2013 Nov 10.
- Development of controllable hypermutable cells can greatly benefit understanding and harnessing microbial evolution. However, there have not been any similar systems developed for Clostridium, an important bacterial genus. Here we report a novel two-step strategy for developing controllable hypermut
- PMID 24214875
- The role of the bacterial mismatch repair system in SOS-induced mutagenesis: a theoretical background.
- Belov OV, Chuluunbaatar O, Kapralov MI, Sweilam NH.Author information Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 6 Joliot-Curie Street, 141980 Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia. dem@jinr.ruAbstractA theoretical study is performed of the possible role of the methyl-directed mismatch repair system in the ultraviolet-induced mutagenesis of Escherichia coli bacterial cells. For this purpose, mathematical models of the SOS network, translesion synthesis and mismatch repair are developed. Within the proposed models, the key pathways of these repair systems were simulated on the basis of modern experimental data related to their mechanisms. Our model approach shows a possible mechanistic explanation of the hypothesis that the bacterial mismatch repair system is responsible for attenuation of mutation frequency during ultraviolet-induced SOS response via removal of the nucleotides misincorporated by DNA polymerase V (the UmuD'2C complex).
- Journal of theoretical biology.J Theor Biol.2013 Sep 7;332:30-41. doi: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2013.04.026. Epub 2013 Apr 30.
- A theoretical study is performed of the possible role of the methyl-directed mismatch repair system in the ultraviolet-induced mutagenesis of Escherichia coli bacterial cells. For this purpose, mathematical models of the SOS network, translesion synthesis and mismatch repair are developed. Within th
- PMID 23643530
- Cost of rNTP/dNTP pool imbalance at the replication fork.
- Yao NY, Schroeder JW, Yurieva O, Simmons LA, O'Donnell ME.Author information The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.AbstractThe concentration of ribonucleoside triphosphates (rNTPs) in cells is far greater than the concentration of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs), and this pool imbalance presents a challenge for DNA polymerases (Pols) to select their proper substrate. This report examines the effect of nucleotide pool imbalance on the rate and fidelity of the Escherichia coli replisome. We find that rNTPs decrease replication fork rate by competing with dNTPs at the active site of the C-family Pol III replicase at a step that does not require correct base-pairing. The effect of rNTPs on Pol rate generalizes to B-family eukaryotic replicases, Pols δ and ε. Imbalance of the dNTP pool also slows the replisome and thus is not specific to rNTPs. We observe a measurable frequency of rNMP incorporation that predicts one rNTP incorporated every 2.3 kb during chromosome replication. Given the frequency of rNMP incorporation, the repair of rNMPs is likely rapid. RNase HII nicks DNA at single rNMP residues to initiate replacement with dNMP. Considering that rNMPs will mark the new strand, RNase HII may direct strand-specificity for mismatch repair (MMR). How the newly synthesized strand is recognized for MMR is uncertain in eukaryotes and most bacteria, which lack a methyl-directed nicking system. Here we demonstrate that Bacillus subtilis incorporates rNMPs in vivo, that RNase HII plays a role in their removal, and the RNase HII gene deletion enhances mutagenesis, suggesting a possible role of incorporated rNMPs in MMR.
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.2013 Aug 6;110(32):12942-7. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1309506110. Epub 2013 Jul 23.
- The concentration of ribonucleoside triphosphates (rNTPs) in cells is far greater than the concentration of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs), and this pool imbalance presents a challenge for DNA polymerases (Pols) to select their proper substrate. This report examines the effect of nucleoti
- PMID 23882084
Related Links
- A major role of the methyl-directed mismatch repair (MMR) system of Escherichia coli is to repair postreplicative errors. In this report, we provide evidence that MMR also acts on oxidized DNA, preventing mutagenesis. When cells ...
- DNA mismatch repair is a system for recognizing and repairing erroneous insertion, deletion, and mis-incorporation of bases that can arise during DNA replication and recombination, as well as repairing some forms of ...
★リンクテーブル★
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- 英
- methyl-directed mismatch repair system
- 関
- mutS遺伝子
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- 指示する、向ける、指揮する、方向づける、指導する、配向する
- 関
- coach、conduct、dictate、direction、directly、guidance、guide、immediate、indicate、indication、instruct、instruction、orient、orientation、point、straightforward、tutorial
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- (不適当な組み合わせ)ミスマッチ、不適正塩基対
- 関
- mismatched base pair
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- 関
- method、series、strain
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- 関
- DNA mismatch repair、MMR
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- 関
- inappropriate