mending

WordNet

garments that must be repaired
social action to improve poor relations (especially in politics); "they moved forward from a period of fence mending to substantive changes in the country"

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つくろい[物]

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/03/21 21:40:47」(JST)

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Mechanical repair

Maintenance, repair and operations^[1] (MRO) or maintenance, repair, and overhaul involves fixing any sort of mechanical, plumbing or electrical device should it become out of order or broken (known as repair, unscheduled, or casualty maintenance). It also includes performing routine actions which keep the device in working order (known as scheduled maintenance) or prevent trouble from arising (preventive maintenance). MRO may be defined as, "All actions which have the objective of retaining or restoring an item in or to a state in which it can perform its required function. The actions include the combination of all technical and corresponding administrative, managerial, and supervision actions." ^[2]

MRO operations can be categorised by whether the product remains the property of the customer, i.e. a service is being offered, or whether the product is bought by the reprocessing organisation and sold to any customer wishing to make the purchase (Guadette, 2002). In the former case it may be a backshop operation within a larger organization or smaller operation.

The former of these represents a closed loop supply chain and usually has the scope of maintenance, repair or overhaul of the product. The latter of the categorisations is an open loop supply chain and is typified by refurbishment and remanufacture. The main characteristic of the closed loop system is that the demand for a product is matched with the supply of a used product. Neglecting asset write-offs and exceptional activities the total population of the product between the customer and the service provider remains constant.

Engineering

Road repair

In telecommunication, commercial real estate and engineering in general, the term maintenance has the following meanings:

Any activity – such as tests, measurements, replacements, adjustments and repairs — intended to retain or restore a functional unit in or to a specified state in which the unit can perform its required functions.^[3]
For material — all action taken to retain material in a serviceable condition or to restore it to serviceability. It includes inspection, testing, servicing, classification as to serviceability, repair, rebuilding, and reclamation.^[3]
For material — all supply and repair action taken to keep a force in condition to carry out its mission.^[3]
For material — the routine recurring work required to keep a facility (plant, building, structure, ground facility, utility system, or other real property) in such condition that it may be continuously used, at its original or designed capacity and efficiency for its intended purpose.^[3]

Manufacturers and Industrial Supply Companies often refer to MRO as opposed to Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM). OEM includes any activity related to the direct manufacture of goods, where MRO refers to any maintenance and repair activity to keep a manufacturing plant running.

Maintenance types

Generally speaking, there are four types of maintenance in use:

Preventive maintenance, where equipment is maintained before break down occurs.
Operational maintenance, where equipment is maintained in using.
Corrective maintenance, where equipment is maintained after break down. This maintenance is often most expensive because worn equipment can damage other parts and cause multiple damages.^[4]
Adaptive maintenance, where equipment is maintained by letting it adapt to new environment.

Preventive maintenance

Preventive maintenance is maintenance performed in an attempt to avoid failures, unnecessary production loss and safety violations.^{[citation needed]}

The effectiveness of a preventive maintenance schedule depends on the RCM analysis which it was based on, and the ground rules used for cost-effectivity.^[5]^[6]

References

^ Defense Logistics Agency
^ European Federation of National Maintenance Societies
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Federal Standard 1037C and from MIL-STD-188 and from the Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms
^ "הלבשת אמבטיה". www.bath.co.il. Retrieved 20 February 2016.
^ Tain Inc RCM analysis
^ "Turner Services". Archived from the original on March 17, 2016. Retrieved March 17, 2016.

UpToDate Contents

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1. Discussing goals of care

English Journal

On the Benefits of Rubbing Salt in the Cut: Self-Healing of Saloplastic PAA/PAH Compact Polyelectrolyte Complexes.

Reisch A1, Roger E, Phoeung T, Antheaume C, Orthlieb C, Boulmedais F, Lavalle P, Schlenoff JB, Frisch B, Schaaf P.Author information 1Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 Route du Rhin, 67401, Illkirch Cedex, France; International Center for Frontier Research in Chemistry, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67083, Strasbourg, France.AbstractThe inherent room temperature mending and self-healing properties of saloplastic PAA/PAH CoPECs are studied. After ultracentrifugation of PAA/PAH polyelectrolyte complexes, tough, elastic materials are obtained that undergo self-healing facilitated by salt. At intermediate salt concentrations the CoPECs remain elastic enough to recover their original shape while the chains are mobile enough to repair the cut, thus leading to actual self-healing behavior.
Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.).Adv Mater.2014 Jan 29. doi: 10.1002/adma.201304991. [Epub ahead of print]
The inherent room temperature mending and self-healing properties of saloplastic PAA/PAH CoPECs are studied. After ultracentrifugation of PAA/PAH polyelectrolyte complexes, tough, elastic materials are obtained that undergo self-healing facilitated by salt. At intermediate salt concentrations the Co
PMID 24478263

Microvesicle shedding and lysosomal repair fulfill divergent cellular needs during the repair of streptolysin O-induced plasmalemmal damage.

Atanassoff AP1, Wolfmeier H1, Schoenauer R1, Hostettler A1, Ring A2, Draeger A1, Babiychuk EB1.Author information 1Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.2Department of Protection, Norwegian Defence Research Establishment, Kjeller, Norway.AbstractPathogenic bacteria secrete pore-forming toxins that permeabilize the plasma membrane of host cells. Nucleated cells possess protective mechanisms that repair toxin-damaged plasmalemma. Currently two putative repair scenarios are debated: either the isolation of the damaged membrane regions and their subsequent expulsion as microvesicles (shedding) or lysosome-dependent repair might allow the cell to rid itself of its toxic cargo and prevent lysis. Here we provide evidence that both mechanisms operate in tandem but fulfill diverse cellular needs. The prevalence of the repair strategy varies between cell types and is guided by the severity and the localization of the initial toxin-induced damage, by the morphology of a cell and, most important, by the incidence of the secondary mechanical damage. The surgically precise action of microvesicle shedding is best suited for the instant elimination of individual toxin pores, whereas lysosomal repair is indispensable for mending of self-inflicted mechanical injuries following initial plasmalemmal permeabilization by bacterial toxins. Our study provides new insights into the functioning of non-immune cellular defenses against bacterial pathogens.
PloS one.PLoS One.2014 Feb 21;9(2):e89743. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089743. eCollection 2014.
Pathogenic bacteria secrete pore-forming toxins that permeabilize the plasma membrane of host cells. Nucleated cells possess protective mechanisms that repair toxin-damaged plasmalemma. Currently two putative repair scenarios are debated: either the isolation of the damaged membrane regions and thei
PMID 24587004

Self-reported barriers to pediatric surgical care in Guatemala.

Nguyen K1, Bhattacharya SD, Maloney MJ, Figueroa L, Taicher BM, Ross S, Rice HE.Author information 1Mending Kids International, Burbank, California, USA.AbstractAccess to pediatric surgical care is limited in low- and middle-income countries. Barriers must be identified before improvements can be made. This pilot study aimed to identify self-reported barriers to pediatric surgical care in Guatemala. We surveyed 78 families of Guatemalan children with surgical conditions who were seen at a pediatric surgical clinic in Guatemala City. Spanish translators were used to complete questionnaires regarding perceived barriers to surgical care. Surgical conditions included hernias, rectal prolapse, anorectal malformations, congenital heart defects, cryptorchidism, soft tissue masses, and vestibulourethral reflux. Average patient age was 8.2 years (range, 1 month to 17 years) with male predominance (62%). Families reported an average symptom duration of 3.7 years before clinic evaluation. Families traveled a variety of distances to obtain surgical care: 36 per cent were local (less than 10 km), 17 per cent traveled 10 to 50 km, and 47 per cent traveled greater than 50 km. Other barriers to surgery included financial (58.9%), excessive wait time in the national healthcare system (10. 2%), distrust of local surgeons (37.2%), and geographic inaccessibility to surgical care (10.2%). The majority of study patients required outpatient procedures, which could improve their quality of life. Many barriers to pediatric surgical care exist in Guatemala. Interventions to remove these obstacles may enhance access to surgery and benefit children in low- and middle-income countries.
The American surgeon.Am Surg.2013 Sep;79(9):885-8.
Access to pediatric surgical care is limited in low- and middle-income countries. Barriers must be identified before improvements can be made. This pilot study aimed to identify self-reported barriers to pediatric surgical care in Guatemala. We surveyed 78 families of Guatemalan children with surgic
PMID 24069982

Japanese Journal

海外文献紹介 Sinclair Dinne (ed.), A Kind of Mending : Restorative Justice in the Pacific Islands

藤井真一
仲裁とADR 8, 67-70, 2013-06
NAID 40019756835

粘着剤の特性から見たテープ剥離試験

中村吉伸,下嶋康平,藤井秀司
塗装工学 48(8), 295-302, 2013
NAID 40019790027

橋梁の長期的維持管理 : 地方自治体への技術援助をめざして

月原光昭,鮎沢健治,曹西 [他],三井康司
設計工学 47(11), 520-526, 2012-11-05
NAID 10031128506

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