WordNet

travel or traverse (a distance); "This car does 150 miles per hour"; "We did 6 miles on our hike every day"
the syllable naming the first (tonic) note of any major scale in solmization (同)doh, ut
proceed or get along; "How is she doing in her new job?"; "How are you making out in graduate school?"; "Hes come a long way" (同)fare, make_out, come, get along
create or design, often in a certain way; "Do my room in blue"; "I did this piece in wood to express my love for the forest" (同)make
carry on or function; "We could do with a little more help around here" (同)manage
get (something) done; "I did my job" (同)perform
treat with an agent; add (an agent) to; "The ray dosed the paint"
the quantity of an active agent (substance or radiation) taken in or absorbed at any one time (同)dosage
a measured portion of medicine taken at any one time (同)dosage
treated with some kind of application; "a mustache dosed with bear grease"

PrepTutorEJDIC

《疑問文・否定文を作る》 / 《否定命令文を作る》 / 《助動詞とbe動詞のどちらも含まない文に用いて付加疑問を作る》 / 《強意語として》 / 《文》《助動詞とbe動詞のどちらも含まない文に用いて倒置文を作る》 / 《あいづちを打つ場合に》 / 《先行する動詞またはそれを含む述部の代用》 / 《so,nor,neitherで始まる簡略文で》 / …‘を'『する』,行う,果たす / 《通例have done,時にbe doneの形で》…‘を'『終える』,済ませる / …‘を'作る,作り出す / …‘を'『処理する』,整える,片付ける / 〈学課〉‘を'『勉強する』,専攻する / 〈利益・害など〉‘を'与える,もたらす / 〈人〉‘に'『役立つ』,用が足りる(serve) / …の速度で進む,距離を行く / …‘を'見物する / 〈劇〉‘を'上演する;…‘の'役を演じる / …の役目(仕事)をする / 《おもに英》…‘を'だます,かつぐ / 《話》…をへとへとにさせる / 『する』;活動する / 《通例have done,時にbe doneの形で》(…を)『終える』,済ます《+『with』+『名』》 / 〈事が〉『運ぶ』;〈人が〉暮らしていく,健康である / 〈物が〉(…に)『間に合う』,十分である;〈人が〉(…に)役に立つ,向く《+『for』+『名』》 / 《複数形で》すべきこと / 〈C〉《おもに英》大宴会,大パーティー / 〈C〉《英話》詐欺,ぺてん
ド(全音階の第1音)
(おもに飲み薬1回分の)『服用量』 / (痛いこと・いやなことの)1回分,一定量 / (人などが受ける放射線の)線量 / 性病 / (…を)…‘に'投薬する,服用させる《+『名』+『with』+『名』》
死をもたらす,致死の;死をもたらす目的の

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/10/21 13:55:21」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

A lethal dose (LD) is an indication of the lethality of a given substance or type of radiation. Because resistance varies from one individual to another, the 'lethal dose' represents a dose (usually recorded as dose per kilogram of subject body weight) at which a given percentage of subjects will die. The LD may be based on the standard person concept, a theoretical individual that has perfectly "normal" characteristics, and thus not apply to all sub-populations.

Lethal doses are usually expressed as median lethal dose (LD50), the point where 50% of test subjects exposed would die, in the units of mg/kg body weight. For gases and aerosols, lethal concentration (mg/m³ or ppm, parts per million) is the analogous concept, although this also depends on the duration of exposure, which has to be included in the definition. The lowest known lethal dose, derived from an individual case of poisoning, is abbreviated LCLo.

LD values for humans are best estimated by extrapolating results from human cell cultures. One outdated form of extrapolation involves measuring LD on animals like mice or dogs, converting to dosage per kilogram of biomass, and extrapolating to human norms. The degree of error from animal-extrapolated LD values is very large. The biology of test animals differs in important aspects to that of humans. For instance, mouse tissue is approximately fifty times less responsive than human tissue to the venom of the Sydney funnel-web spider. The square-cube law also complicates the scaling relationships involved. Researchers are now shifting away from animal-based LD measurements. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has begun to approve more reliable non-animal methods in response to research cruelty concerns and the lack of validity/sensitivity of animal tests as they relate to humans.^[1]^[2]

References[edit]

^ "Allergan Receives FDA Approval for First-of-Its-Kind, Fully in vitro, Cell-Based Assay for BOTOX® and BOTOX® Cosmetic (onabotulinumtoxinA)". Source: Allergan, Inc. News Provided by Acquire Media. Page last updated 24 June 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-26.
^ "Vision and Roadmap for the 21st Century". Source: National Toxicology Program. Retrieved 2011-10-29.

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 高用量メトトレキサートの治療使用および毒性 therapeutic use and toxicity of high dose methotrexate
2. 成人における放射線障害の生物学および臨床的特徴 biology and clinical features of radiation injury in adults
3. 非神経性の下部尿路症状の治療におけるボツリヌス毒素の使用 use of botulinum toxin for treatment of non neurogenic lower urinary tract conditions
4. シアン化物中毒 cyanide poisoning
5. 成人における放射線障害の治療 treatment of radiation injury in the adult

English Journal

Acute toxicity and in vivo biodistribution of monodispersed mesoporous bioactive glass spheres in intravenously exposed mice.

Mao C1, Chen X2, Hu Q3, Miao G3, Lin C4.
Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications.Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl.2016 Jan 1;58:682-91. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.09.002. Epub 2015 Sep 8.
The use of biomaterials from laboratories to clinics requires exhaustive and elaborate studies involving the biodistribution, clearance, and biocompatibility of biomaterials for in vivo biomedical applications. This study aimed to evaluate the acute toxicity and biodistribution of intravenously admi
PMID 26478360

Persisters: Methods for Isolation and Identifying Contributing Factors-A Review.

Rowe SE1, Conlon BP1, Keren I1, Lewis K2.
Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.).Methods Mol Biol.2016;1333:17-28. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2854-5_2.
Persister cells are phenotypic variants surviving a lethal dose of antibiotic, sufficient to kill the bulk of an exponential phase population. In this chapter we summarize current techniques to isolate persisters and discuss limitations associated with identifying mechanisms of persister formation.
PMID 26468096

Bone Marrow and Fetal Liver Radiation Chimeras.

Flomerfelt FA1, Gress RE.
Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.).Methods Mol Biol.2016;1323:109-15. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2809-5_9.
Radiation chimeras are prepared by subjecting recipient mice to sublethal or lethal dose of irradiation and injecting them with hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) from untreated donor mice. HSC can be obtained from bone marrow or fetal liver. This technique is a powerful tool when coupled with gene targ
PMID 26294402

Japanese Journal

熱ショックおよびセボフルランがHSPA1A/Bタンパク質およびmRNAの発現に及ぼす影響

蛭田昌宏,佐藤正章,遠藤仁司,竹内護,蛭田章子
自治医科大学紀要 34, 21-32, 2012-03-01
セボフルランは様々な細胞保護効果を持つ。heat shock 70-kDa proteins 1Aおよび1B (HSPA1A/B)は,細胞機能の維持に重要な分子シャペロンである。本研究では,熱ショックおよびセボフルランがHSPA1A/Bタンパク質の発現に与える影響を神経芽腫由来細胞を用いて検討した。軽度の熱ショック(HS)により,HSPA1A/Bタンパク質およびmRNAは有意に発現が増強し,致死的 …
NAID 110008922525

Successful Management of Refractory Lethal Coronary Spasm after Off-Pump Coronary Bypass Grafting

Hosoba Soh,Suzuki Tomoaki,Takashima Noriyuki,Kinoshita Takeshi,Kuryanagi Satoshi,Nota Hiromitsu,Asai Tohru
Annals of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 18(4), 359-362, 2012
… After observation in ICU for 4 days with intra-aortic balloon pumping and a high dose of catecholamine, cardiac function was re-established and the patient recovered. …
NAID 130002148206

Risk Factors for Pneumocystis jiroveci Pneumonia in Glomerulonephritis Patients Receiving Immunosuppressants

Yang Chih-Yu,Yang An-Hang,Yang Wu-Chang,Lin Chih-Ching
Internal Medicine 51(20), 2869-2875, 2012
… Objective Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PJP) infection is a rare but lethal complication in immunocompromised hosts. … We found that the immunosuppressant regimens were equal between patients with and without the development of PJP infection regarding the daily dose per body weight, treatment duration, and accumulative dose per body weight. …
NAID 130002062078

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リンク元	「致死量」「致死線量」「fatal dose」
拡張検索	「lethal dose 50」「mean lethal dose」「minimum lethal dose」
関連記事	「do」「lethal」「dose」「dosing」