WordNet

press and smooth with a heated iron; "press your shirts"; "she stood there ironing" (同)iron_out, press
a heavy ductile magnetic metallic element; is silver-white in pure form but readily rusts; used in construction and tools and armament; plays a role in the transport of oxygen by the blood (同)Fe, atomic number 26
implement used to brand live stock (同)branding iron
home appliance consisting of a flat metal base that is heated and used to smooth cloth (同)smoothing iron
a golf club that has a relatively narrow metal head
the activity of putting or setting in order in advance of some act or purpose; "preparations for the ceremony had begun" (同)readying
(music) a note that produces a dissonant chord is first heard in a consonant chord; "the resolution of one dissonance is often the preparation for another dissonance"
garments (clothes or linens) that are to be (or have been) ironed; "there was a basketful of ironing to do"
the work of using heat to smooth washed clothes in order to remove any wrinkles
(of linens or clothes) smoothed with a hot iron
metal shackles; for hands or legs (同)chains

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉『鉄』 / 〈U〉鉄のように堅い(強い,冷たい)こと / 〈C〉鉄製の器具 / 〈C〉[電気]『アイロン』 / 〈C〉アイアン(球を打つ部分が金属のゴルフクラブ) / 〈C〉《複数形で》手かせ,足かせ / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》『鉄の』,鉄製の / 鉄のように堅い(強い,冷たい) / …‘に'アイロンをかける / 〈人が〉アイロンをかける
〈U〉《a ~》(…の)『用意』《+『of+名』》 / 〈C〉《複数形で》(…のための)準備《+『for+名』》 / 〈U〉準備されている状態 / 〈U〉《英》宿題;予宿 / 〈C〉(調理した)食品,(調合した)薬剤
アイロンかけ / アイロンかけをした(をする)衣類

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 鉄欠乏性貧血を有する成人の治療 treatment of the adult with iron deficiency anemia
2. 幼児および若齢小児における鉄欠乏：治療 iron deficiency in infants and young children treatment
3. 鉄過剰が疑われる患者に対するアプローチ approach to the patient with suspected iron overload
4. 血液透析患者における鉄剤の使用 use of iron preparations in hemodialysis patients
5. 思春期における鉄の所要量および鉄欠乏 iron requirements and iron deficiency in adolescents

English Journal

Vasoactive effects of stable aqueous suspensions of single walled carbon nanotubes in hamsters and mice.

Frame MD, Dewar AM, Mullick Chowdhury S, Sitharaman B.Author information Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY 11794 , USA.AbstractAbstract Single-walled carbon nanotubes synthesized with iron (Fe-SWCNT) or gadolinium (Gd-SWCNT) show promise as high performance multimodal contrast and drug-delivery agents. Our purpose was to evaluate potential vasoactive effects of SWCNT. Stable aqueous solutions of Fe-SWCNTs or Gd-SWCNTs were made using the biocompatible amphiphilic polymer N-(carbonyl-methoxypolyethyleneglycol 2000)-1,2-distearoylsn-glycero-3- phosphoethanolamine (PEG-DSPE). Both aggregated and non-aggregated (sonicated) formulations were tested. The initial vasoactivity of the formulations and their potential for inducing pro-inflammatory endothelial dysfunction were investigated in the hamster cheek pouch and murine cremaster muscle intravital microscopy models. These models provide an assay to test several formulations/dosages in a paired fashion. Abluminal exposure to small arterioles exposes both endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells. Using abluminal exposures of dosages that would approximate the first pass of an i.v. bolus injection, both Fe-SWCNTs and Gd-SWCNTs were immediately vasoactive. Aggregated formulations induced dilation and non-aggregated formulations induced constriction in both hamsters and mice. Endothelial dysfunction was evident after exposure to either aggregated or non-aggregated forms. General loss of dilator capability was seen after exposure to non-aggregated but not aggregated forms. Thus concentrations mimicking bolus dosing of PEG-DSPE coated SWCNT induce both acute and chronic vascular responses.
Nanotoxicology.Nanotoxicology.2014 Dec;8:867-75. doi: 10.3109/17435390.2013.837209. Epub 2013 Sep 30.
Abstract Single-walled carbon nanotubes synthesized with iron (Fe-SWCNT) or gadolinium (Gd-SWCNT) show promise as high performance multimodal contrast and drug-delivery agents. Our purpose was to evaluate potential vasoactive effects of SWCNT. Stable aqueous solutions of Fe-SWCNTs or Gd-SWCNTs were
PMID 23992463

Synthesis and characterization of new derivatives of alginic acid and evaluation of their iron(III)-crosslinked beads as potential controlled release matrices.

Abulateefeh SR, Khanfar MA, Al Bakain RZ, Taha MO.Author information Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy .AbstractAbstract Context: The excellent gelling and safety profiles of alginic acid combined, however, with drawbacks of its ionotropically crosslinked beads (i.e. their quick release of loaded drugs) prompted us to chemically modify alginic acid. Objective: Alginic acid was chemically conjugated with four amines of varying hydrophilic-hydrophobic properties (i.e. tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl-, allyl-, benzyl- or pentyl-amines) in an attempt to enhance the drug release profiles from respective metal crosslinked beads. Materials and methods: Chemical conjugation procedures were performed using dicyclohexylcarbodiimide as a coupling agent and the resulting new derivatives were characterized using proton nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H NMR), infrared (IR) spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). These modified polymers were used to prepare iron (III)-crosslinked beads loaded with folic acid as model drug, which were tested in vitro to assess their folic acid release profiles. Results and discussion: Interestingly, the resulting beads accessed enteric release kinetics, with tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl-amide alginic conjugate producing most pronounced enteric profile. Conclusion: The results suggest the possibility of achieving controlled drug release from alginate-based beads via facile chemical modification of alginic acid.
Pharmaceutical development and technology.Pharm Dev Technol.2014 Nov;19(7):856-67. doi: 10.3109/10837450.2013.836222. Epub 2013 Sep 13.
Abstract Context: The excellent gelling and safety profiles of alginic acid combined, however, with drawbacks of its ionotropically crosslinked beads (i.e. their quick release of loaded drugs) prompted us to chemically modify alginic acid. Objective: Alginic acid was chemically conjugated with four
PMID 24032476

Iron oxide nanoparticle agglomeration influences dose rates and modulates oxidative stress-mediated dose-response profiles in vitro.

Sharma G, Kodali V, Gaffrey M, Wang W, Minard KR, Karin NJ, Teeguarden JG, Thrall BD.Author information Battelle Memorial Institute , Columbus, OH , USA.AbstractAbstract Spontaneous agglomeration of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) is a common problem in cell culture media which can confound interpretation of in vitro nanotoxicity studies. The authors created stable agglomerates of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) in conventional culture medium, which varied in hydrodynamic size (276 nm-1.5 μm) but were composed of identical primary particles with similar surface potentials and protein coatings. Studies using C10 lung epithelial cells show that the dose rate effects of agglomeration can be substantial, varying by over an order of magnitude difference in cellular dose in some cases. Quantification by magnetic particle detection showed that small agglomerates of carboxylated IONPs induced greater cytotoxicity and redox-regulated gene expression when compared with large agglomerates on an equivalent total cellular IONP mass dose basis, whereas agglomerates of amine-modified IONPs failed to induce cytotoxicity or redox-regulated gene expression despite delivery of similar cellular doses. Dosimetry modelling and experimental measurements reveal that on a delivered surface area basis, large and small agglomerates of carboxylated IONPs have similar inherent potency for the generation of ROS, induction of stress-related genes and eventual cytotoxicity. The results suggest that reactive moieties on the agglomerate surface are more efficient in catalysing cellular ROS production than molecules buried within the agglomerate core. Because of the dynamic, size and density-dependent nature of ENP delivery to cells in vitro, the biological consequences of agglomeration are not discernible from static measures of exposure concentration (μg/ml) alone, highlighting the central importance of integrated physical characterisation and quantitative dosimetry for in vitro studies. The combined experimental and computational approach provides a quantitative framework for evaluating relationships between the biocompatibility of nanoparticles and their physical and chemical characteristics.
Nanotoxicology.Nanotoxicology.2014 Sep;8:663-75. doi: 10.3109/17435390.2013.822115. Epub 2013 Jul 31.
Abstract Spontaneous agglomeration of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) is a common problem in cell culture media which can confound interpretation of in vitro nanotoxicity studies. The authors created stable agglomerates of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) in conventional culture medium, which varied
PMID 23837572