固有光
WordNet
- very thin and insubstantial; "thin paper"; "light summer dresses"
- make lighter or brighter; "This lamp lightens the room a bit" (同)illume, illumine, light_up, illuminate
- a condition of spiritual awareness; divine illumination; "follow Gods light" (同)illumination
- having abundant light or illumination; "they played as long as it was light"; "as long as the lighting was good" (同)lighting
- (physics) electromagnetic radiation that can produce a visual sensation; "the light was filtered through a soft glass window" (同)visible_light, visible_radiation
- any device serving as a source of illumination; "he stopped the car and turned off the lights" (同)light_source
- the visual effect of illumination on objects or scenes as created in pictures; "he could paint the lightest light and the darkest dark" (同)lightness
- a particular perspective or aspect of a situation; "although he saw it in a different light, he still did not understand"
- a person regarded very fondly; "the light of my life"
- a visual warning signal; "they saw the light of the beacon"; "there was a light at every corner"
- an illuminated area; "he stepped into the light"
- mental understanding as an enlightening experience; "he finally saw the light"; "can you shed light on this problem?"
- public awareness; "it brought the scandal to light"
- (used of color) having a relatively small amount of coloring agent; "light blue"; "light colors such as pastels"; "a light-colored powder" (同)light-colored
- moving easily and quickly; nimble; "the dancer was light and graceful"; "a lightsome buoyant step"; "walked with a light tripping step" (同)lightsome, tripping
- having relatively few calories; "diet cola"; "light (or lite) beer"; "lite (or light) mayonnaise"; "a low-cal diet" (同)lite, low-cal, calorie-free
- less than the correct or legal or full amount often deliberately so; "a light pound"; "a scant cup of sugar"; "regularly gives short weight" (同)scant, short
- (of sleep) easily disturbed; "in a light doze"; "a light sleeper"; "a restless wakeful night" (同)wakeful
- (physics, chemistry) not having atomic weight greater than average; "light water is ordinary water"
- (used of soil) loose and large-grained in consistency; "light soil"
- characterized by or emitting light; "a room that is light when the shutters are open"; "the inside of the house was airy and light"
- demanding little effort; not burdensome; "light housework"; "light exercise"
- designed for ease of movement or to carry little weight; "light aircraft"; "a light truck"
- easily assimilated in the alimentary canal; not rich or heavily seasoned; "a light diet"
- having little importance; "losing his job was no light matter"
- intended primarily as entertainment; not serious or profound; "light verse"; "a light comedy"
- not great in degree or quantity or number; "a light sentence"; "a light accent"; "casualties were light"; "light snow was falling"; "light misty rain"; "light smoke from the chimney"
- of comparatively little physical weight or density; "a light load"; "magnesium is a light metal--having a specific gravity of 1.74 at 20 degrees C"
- of little intensity or power or force; "the light touch of her fingers"; "a light breeze"
- of the military or industry; using (or being) relatively small or light arms or equipment; "light infantry"; "light cavalry"; "light industry"; "light weapons"
- psychologically light; especially free from sadness or troubles; "a light heart"
- situated within or belonging solely to the organ or body part on which it acts; "intrinsic muscles"
- belonging to a thing by its very nature; "form was treated as something intrinsic, as the very essence of the thing"- John Dewey (同)intrinsical
- apparatus for supplying artificial light effects for the stage or a film
- the craft of providing artificial light; "an interior decorator must understand lighting"
- set afire or burning; "the lighted candles"; "a lighted cigarette"; "a lit firecracker" (同)lit
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 〈U〉『光,光線』;明るさ / 〈U〉夜明け;日中;日光 / 〈C〉『明かり』(太陽・灯火など光を出すもの) / 〈U〉《時にa~》光輝(brightness),(目などの)輝き / 〈C〉(点火するための)火,火花 / 〈C〉明かり採り,採光窓 / 〈C〉《通例単数形で》(絵などの)明るい部分 / 〈U〉(…についての)知識,情報,理解《+『on』+『名』》 / 〈C〉(ものを見る)観点,見地;相 / 〈C〉この世に光を与える人;指導的な人物 / …‘に'『火をつける』《+『up』+『名』+『名』+『up』》 / …‘に'『明かりをつける』,‘を'照らす《+『up』+『名,』+『名』+『up』》 / 〈人〉‘を'明かりをつけて案内する / 〈表情など〉‘を'明るくする《+『up』+『名,』+『名』+『up』》 / 〈物が〉火がつく,点火する;明かりがつく《+『up』》 / 明るくなる,晴れ晴れする《+『up』》 / 『明るい』 / (色が)『薄い』
- (重量が)『軽い』 / (いろいろな事について,その程座・量が)軽い,小さい / 『軽快な』 / 軽装の / 肩のこらない;気軽な / 手軽な,骨の折れなし / (食べ物が)消化のよい,もたれない / ふらふらする,目まいのする / アルコール分の少ない / (パンなどが)ふんわりした / (重量が)軽く / (程度が)軽く,容易に;軽装で
- (車・馬などから)降りる《+『from』+『名』》(alight) / (木などに)〈鳥などが〉止まる《+『on』(『upon』)+『名』》 / (…に)〈打撃・運などが〉突然ふりかかる《+『on』(『upon』)+『名』》
- (価値・質などが)本質的な,本来備わった
- 照明,点火 / 照明方法(装置)
- (羊・豚などの)肺臓
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2014/09/19 13:15:22」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
Eigengrau (German: "intrinsic gray" / literally: "own grey"), also called Eigenlicht ("intrinsic light"), dark light, or brain gray, is a term for the uniform dark gray background that many people report seeing in the absence of light. The term dates back to the nineteenth century,[1] but has rarely been used in recent scientific publications. Nowadays the phenomenon is more commonly referred to as "visual noise" or "background adaptation".[2]
Eigengrau is perceived as lighter than a black object in normal lighting conditions, because contrast is more important to the visual system than absolute brightness.[3] For example, the night sky looks darker than eigengrau because of the contrast provided by the stars.
Cause
Researchers noticed early on that the shape of intensity-sensitivity curves could be explained by assuming that an intrinsic source of noise in the retina produces random events indistinguishable from those triggered by real photons.[4][5] Later experiments on rod cells of cane toads (Bufo marinus) showed that the frequency of these spontaneous events is strongly temperature-dependent, which implies that they are caused by the thermal isomerization of rhodopsin.[6] In human rod cells, these events occur about once every 100 seconds on average, which, taking into account the number of rhodopsin molecules in a rod cell, implies that the half-life of a rhodopsin molecule is about 420 years.[7] The indistinguishability of dark events from photon responses supports this explanation, because rhodopsin is at the input of the transduction chain. On the other hand, processes such as the spontaneous release of neurotransmitters cannot be completely ruled out.[8]
References
- ^ Ladd, Trumbull (1894). "Direct control of the retinal field.". Psychological Review. Retrieved 28 September 2012.
- ^ Hansen RM, Fulton AB (January 2000). "Background adaptation in children with a history of mild retinopathy of prematurity". Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 41 (1): 320–4. PMID 10634637.
- ^ Wallach, Hans (1948). "Brightness Constancy and the Nature of Achromatic Colors". Journal of Experimental Psychology 38 (3): 310–324. doi:10.1037/h0053804. PMID 18865234.
- ^ Barlow, H. B. (1972). "Dark and Light Adaptation: Psychophysics.". Visual Psychophysics. New York: Springer-Verlag. ISBN 0-387-05146-5.
- ^ Barlow, H. B. (1977). "Retinal and Central Factors in Human Vision Limited by Noise". Vertebrate Photoreception. New York: Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-078950-7.
- ^ Baylor, D. A.; Matthews, G; Yau, K.-W. (1980). "Two components of electrical dark noise in toad retinal rod outer segments". Journal of Physiology 309: 591–621. PMC 1274605. PMID 6788941.
- ^ Baylor, Denis A. (1 January 1987). "Photoreceptor Signals and Vision". Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 28 (1): 34–49. PMID 3026986.
- ^ Shapley, Robert; Enroth-Cugell, Christina (1984). "Visual Adaptation and Retinal Gain Controls". Progress in Retinal Research 3: 263–346. doi:10.1016/0278-4327(84)90011-7.
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Zinc chloride aqueous solution as a solvent for starch.
- Lin M1, Shang X2, Liu P1, Xie F3, Chen X1, Sun Y1, Wan J1.
- Carbohydrate polymers.Carbohydr Polym.2016 Jan 20;136:266-73. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.09.007. Epub 2015 Sep 4.
- It is important to obtain starch-based homogeneous systems for starch modification. Regarding this, an important key point is to find cheap, low-cost and low-toxicity solvents to allow complete dissolution of starch and its easy regeneration. This study reveals that a ZnCl2 aqueous solution is a goo
- PMID 26572355
- Facile green fabrication of nanostructure ZnO plates, bullets, flower, prismatic tip, closed pine cone: Their antibacterial, antioxidant, photoluminescent and photocatalytic properties.
- Madan HR1, Sharma SC2, Udayabhanu3, Suresh D3, Vidya YS4, Nagabhushana H5, Rajanaik H6, Anantharaju KS7, Prashantha SC8, Sadananda Maiya P9.
- Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy.Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc.2016 Jan 5;152:404-16. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.07.067. Epub 2015 Jul 14.
- Green synthesis of multifunctional Zinc oxide nanoparticles (NPs) with a variety of morphologies were achieved by low temperature solution combustion route employing neem (Azadirachta indica) extract as fuel. The nanoparticles were characterized by PXRD, FTIR, XPS, Raman and UV-Visible spectroscopic
- PMID 26241826
- Polymodal Sensory Integration in Retinal Ganglion Cells.
- Križaj D1.
- Advances in experimental medicine and biology.Adv Exp Med Biol.2016;854:693-8. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-17121-0_92.
- An animal's ability to perceive the external world is conditioned by its capacity to extract and encode specific features of the visual image. The output of the vertebrate retina is not a simple representation of the 2D visual map generated by photon absorptions in the photoreceptor layer. Rather, s
- PMID 26427477
Japanese Journal
- Single-crystal p–i–n-Si thin-film solar cells grown on Si substrate by sputter epitaxy
- Yeh Wenchang,Tatebe Kyohei
- Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 54(8S1), 08KB07, 2015-07-08
- … An intrinsic sputter-epitaxial (SE) Si film with a thickness of 1000 nm and a 50-nm-thick n<sup>+</sup>SE-Si film were successfully grown as the light-absorbing layer and emitter layer, respectively, on a heavily doped p-Si(100) wafer to form the p–i–n junction of a solar cell (SC). …
- NAID 150000111154
- The Songbird as a Percussionist: Syntactic Rules for Non-Vocal Sound and Song Production in Java Sparrows
- Soma Masayo,Mori Chihiro
- Plos one 10(5), e0124876, 2015-05-20
- … The contribution of songbird studies to our understanding of vocal learning has already shed some light on the cognitive underpinnings of musical ability. … Individuals untutored by conspecifics also exhibited stereotypical bill-clicking patterns in relation to song-note sequence, indicating that while the production of bill clicking itself is intrinsic, its syncopation appears to develop with songs. …
- NAID 120005617300
- Intrinsic signal imaging of brain function using a small implantable CMOS imaging device
- Haruta Makito,Sunaga Yoshinori,Yamaguchi Takahiro,Takehara Hironari,Noda Toshihiko,Sasagawa Kiyotaka,Tokuda Takashi,Ohta Jun
- Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 54(4S), 04DL10, 2015-03-27
- … In this study, we demonstrated intrinsic signal imaging of blood flow using the device with a green LED light source at a peak wavelength of 535 nm, which corresponds to one of the absorption spectral peaks of blood cells. … The device light weight of about 0.02 g makes it possible to stably measure brain activity through blood flow over a long period. …
- NAID 150000110398
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★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- intrinsic light
- 同
- 自光
[★]
- 関
- bright、photic、photoradiation、point of view、ray、viewpoint、visible light、visible radiation
[★]
- 関
- endemic、endogeneous、endogenous、endogenously、inherent、inherently、intrinsically、proper
[★]
- 関
- illumination