空腹時高血糖、IFG、impaired fasting glucose

WordNet

make worse or less effective; "His vision was impaired"
diminished in strength, quality, or utility; "impaired eyesight"

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈健康・視力など〉‘を'損なう,〈判断力など〉‘を'弱める

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/03/26 17:06:35」(JST)

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Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) is a type of prediabetes, in which the blood sugar level during fasting is consistently higher than what are considered normal levels; however, the level is not high enough to be diagnosed as diabetes mellitus.^[1] This pre-diabetic state is associated with insulin resistance and increased risk of cardiovascular pathology, although of lesser risk than impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). IFG can progress to type 2 diabetes mellitus if lifestyle changes are not made. There is a 50% risk over 10 years of progressing to overt diabetes. A recent study cited the average time for progression as less than three years.^[2]

Fasting blood glucose levels are in a continuum within a given population, with higher fasting glucose levels corresponding to a higher risk for complications caused by the high glucose levels. Impaired fasting glucose is defined as a fasting glucose that is higher than the upper limit of normal, but not high enough to be classified as diabetes mellitus. Some patients with impaired fasting glucose can also be diagnosed with impaired glucose tolerance, but many have normal responses to a glucose tolerance test.

Signs and Symptoms

The World Health Organization (WHO) criteria for impaired fasting glucose differ from the American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria, because the normal range of glucose is defined differently. The WHO has defined the upper limit of normal at under 110 mg/dL (plasma). However, fasting glucose levels 100 mg/dL (plasma) and higher have been shown to increase complication rates significantly^{[citation needed]}, and the ADA has lowered the upper limit of normal accordingly, to a fasting glucose under 100 mg/dL (plasma).

WHO criteria: fasting plasma glucose level from 6.1 mmol/l (110 mg/dL) to 6.9 mmol/l (125 mg/dL).^[3]^[4]^[5]
ADA criteria: fasting plasma glucose level from 5.6 mmol/L (100 mg/dL) to 6.9 mmol/L (125 mg/dL).

Sudden sweating, confusion, thirst, hunger, heart palpitations, impaired speech, difficulty focusing - these are just a few symptoms and are not just limited to these.^{[citation needed]}

Risk factors

IFG is a risk factor for mortality due to the serious complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus.^[6] Diabetes is a multi-factor disease and it can affect many areas of the body. The depositions of plaque in the arteries known as atherosclerosis are a potential risk that is elevated in diabetic individuals. This may lead to heart attack or stroke. Blindness is another concern associated with type 2 diabetes. It is caused by microvascular disease in which high blood glucose levels damage blood vessels in the retina by the formation of scar tissue or hemorrhage. Not only do these high levels cause vision loss, they may also cause sensory nerve damage (neuropathy). This presents as tingling, numbness or pain and in the most severe cases requires amputation. When these elevated levels of blood glucose are chronic there is a potential that irreversible kidney damage can occur. It is important that individuals with IFG or diabetes mellitus monitor their condition and make healthy lifestyle choices to reduce the onset of these life-threatening symptoms. Pre-diabetic individuals who have abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, high LDL cholesterol, low HDL cholesterol, and high levels of triglycerides in the blood have an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. These risk factors are known collectively as the metabolic syndrome.^[1] Recent evidence suggests that, similar to diabetes mellitus, individuals with IFG have higher degree of periodontal inflammation.^[7]

Prevention

With proper education, eating habits, physical activity, weight management, and lifestyle the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus is reduced.^[8] Blood glucose levels can be managed by the healthy eating and physical activity guidelines as an individual with normal blood glucose levels, however some minor modifications may be required. These variations depend on the individual, but it may include a decrease in the amount of carbohydrates consumed. The consumption of alcohol should also be limited, but moderate drinking may be protective.^{[citation needed]} Advice and guidelines about eating a nutritious, balanced meal can be found using Canada's Food Guide. Vegetables and fruit should be consumed in the largest proportions. Regular physical activity has the potential to reduce insulin resistance and help decrease elevated blood glucose levels.^[9]

References

^ ^a ^b Thompson, Janice; Manore, Melinda; Sheeshka, Judy (2010), Nutrition a functional approach, Toronto, Ontaria: Pearson Canada, pp. 141–144
^ Nichols GA, Hillier TA, Brown JB (2007). "Progression From Newly Acquired Impaired Fasting Glusose to Type 2 Diabetes". Diabetes Care. 30 (2): 228–233. doi:10.2337/dc06-1392. PMC 1851903. PMID 17259486.
^ .World Health Organization. "Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications: Report of a WHO Consultation. Part 1. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus". Retrieved 2007-05-29.
^ "Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus". Diabetes Care. 28 Suppl 1: S37–42. 2005. doi:10.2337/diacare.28.suppl_1.s37. PMID 15618111.
^ http://www.diabetes.co.uk/impaired-fasting-glycemia.html
^ Barr EL, Zimmet PZ, Welborn TA, et al. (2007). "Risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in individuals with diabetes mellitus, impaired fasting glucose, and impaired glucose tolerance: the Australian Diabetes, Obesity, and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab)". Circulation. 116 (2): 151–7. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.685628. PMID 17576864.
^ Zadik Y, Bechor R, Galor S, Levin L (May 2010). "Periodontal disease might be associated even with impaired fasting glucose". Br Dent J. 208 (10): e20. doi:10.1038/sj.bdj.2010.291. PMID 20339371.
^ Stychar, Irene; et al. (2006), "Physician Treatment Practices for Patients With Fasting Plasma Glucose Levels Between 6.1 and 6.9 mmol/L" (PDF), Canadian Journal of Diabetes, 30 (2): 138–145
^ Canadian Diabetes Association (2011), Prevention and Management, retrieved 2011-11-10

UpToDate Contents

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1. 2型糖尿病の危険因子 risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus
2. 成人における糖尿病の臨床症状および診断 clinical presentation and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in adults
3. 小児および思春期における2型糖尿病の疫学、症状、および診断 epidemiology presentation and diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents
4. 2型糖尿病のスクリーニング screening for type 2 diabetes mellitus
5. 思春期における多嚢胞性卵巣症候群の診断的評価 diagnostic evaluation of polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescents

English Journal

Peach gum polysaccharides improve the spermatogenesis of KKAy mice with impaired reproduction system.

Qian L1, Wang W1, Song J2, Chen D3.
American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989).Am J Reprod Immunol.2017 Mar;77(3). doi: 10.1111/aji.12627. Epub 2017 Jan 5.
PROBLEM: Peach gum polysaccharides (PGPs) exhibit antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Nevertheless, the effect of PGPs on the spermatogenesis of KKAy mice with impaired reproduction system remains undetermined.METHOD OF STUDY: PGPs were extracted with hot water. KKAy mice were randomly divided
PMID 28054411

The metabolites in peripheral blood mononuclear cells showed greater differences between patients with impaired fasting glucose or type 2 diabetes and healthy controls than those in plasma.

Kim M1, Kim M2,3, Han JY4, Lee SH5, Jee SH6, Lee JH1,2,3.
Diabetes & vascular disease research.Diab Vasc Dis Res.2017 Mar;14(2):130-138. doi: 10.1177/1479164116678157. Epub 2016 Dec 21.
To determine differences between peripheral blood mononuclear cells and the plasma metabolites in patients with impaired fasting glucose or type 2 diabetes and healthy controls. In all, 65 nononobese patients (aged 30-70 years) with impaired fasting glucose or type 2 diabetes and 65 nonobese sex-m
PMID 28185532

Brain GLUT4 Knockout Mice Have Impaired Glucose Tolerance, Decreased Insulin Sensitivity, and Impaired Hypoglycemic Counterregulation.

Reno CM1,2, Puente EC1, Sheng Z3, Daphna-Iken D1, Bree AJ1, Routh VH3, Kahn BB4, Fisher SJ5,2.
Diabetes.Diabetes.2017 Mar;66(3):587-597. doi: 10.2337/db16-0917. Epub 2016 Oct 17.
GLUT4 in muscle and adipose tissue is important in maintaining glucose homeostasis. However, the role of insulin-responsive GLUT4 in the central nervous system has not been well characterized. To assess its importance, a selective knockout of brain GLUT4 (BG4KO) was generated by crossing Nestin-Cre
PMID 27797912

Japanese Journal

Risk for Future Diabetes among Individuals with High-normal Glycemia at 40 Years of Age

Kabeya Yusuke,Shimada Akira,Yamasawa Fumihiro,Tomita Masuomi,Katsuki Takeshi,Oikawa Yoichi,Atsumi Yoshihito
Internal Medicine 51(19), 2703-2708, 2012
… Objective The present study investigated the risk for future diabetes among individuals with high-normal glycemia (fasting plasma glucose (FPG) of 100-109 mg/dL) in an early middle-aged population. … Results The proportions of those with high-normal glycemia and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) (FPG of 110-125 mg/dL) at baseline were 21.5% and 4.7%. …
NAID 130002062036

Gender Differences in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease in Japan : The Japanese Coronary Artery Disease Study (The JCAD Study)

KAMBARA Hirofumi,YAMAZAKI Tsutomu,HAYASHI Doubun,KOHRO Takahide,OKADA Yoshihiro,NAGAI Ryozo, The JCAD Study Investigators
Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society 73(5), 912-917, 2009-04-20
… Other than gender, hypertension and number of vessel disease contribute to the event of unstable angina, and age, family history, obesity, impaired fasting glycemia, hyperlipidemia, congestive heart failure and number of vessel disease contribute to the all-cause death. …
NAID 10025930428

PE-526 Impaired Fasting Glycemia is a Silent Risk Factor of Target Vessel Revascularization in Patients Treated with a Sirolimus-eluting Stent(PE088,Coronary Revascularization, PCI (DES) 8 (IHD),Poster Session (English),The 73rd Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Circulation Society)

Kitano Katsuya,Gotou Takuya,Takehara Kosuke,Tanaka Koji,Nakajima Osamu
Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society 73(Supplement_I), 532, 2009-03-01
NAID 110007511311

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「空腹時高血糖」「impaired fasting glucose」「IFG」
関連記事	「impair」「impaired」「glycemia」「fasting」

「空腹時高血糖」

Impaired fasting glucose
Classification and external resources
ICD-10	R73.0
ICD-9-CM	790.21
	[edit on Wikidata]

　　[★]

英: impaired fasting glucose、impaired fasting glycemia、IFG
関: 空腹時血中ブドウ糖不良、空腹時血糖異常

「impaired fasting glucose」

　　[★]

空腹時血中ブドウ糖不良、空腹時血糖異常、空腹時高血糖

関: IFG、impaired fasting glycemia

「IFG」

　　[★]

空腹時高血糖、impaired fasting glucose、impaired fasting glycemia

「impair」

　　[★]

vt

(価値・美点・見子などを)障害する、損なう、減ずる、害する、傷つける

関: barrier、compromise、damage、difficulty、disorder、disturbance、dysfunction、foe、hindrance、impediment、lesion、obstacle

関: (adj.) impaired, (n.)impairment

「impaired」

　　[★]

adj.

弱った、悪くなった、健康を害した、減少した、損なわれた、十分に機能を果たさない。
(連語で)～に障害のある

「glycemia」

　　[★]

糖血症

関: glycaemia、glycaemic、glycemic

「fasting」

　　[★]

n.

断食、絶食

adj.

絶食の

[Thompson_2010_141.E2.80.93144-1] Thompson, Janice; Manore, Melinda; Sheeshka, Judy (2010), Nutrition a functional approach, Toronto, Ontaria: Pearson Canada, pp. 141–144

[2] Nichols GA, Hillier TA, Brown JB (2007). "Progression From Newly Acquired Impaired Fasting Glusose to Type 2 Diabetes". Diabetes Care. 30 (2): 228–233. doi:10.2337/dc06-1392. PMC 1851903. PMID 17259486.

[who-99-3] .World Health Organization. "Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications: Report of a WHO Consultation. Part 1. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus". Retrieved 2007-05-29.

[pmid15618111-4] "Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus". Diabetes Care. 28 Suppl 1: S37–42. 2005. doi:10.2337/diacare.28.suppl_1.s37. PMID 15618111.

[5] ttp://www.diabetes.co.uk/impaired-fasting-glycemia.html

[pmid17576864-6] Barr EL, Zimmet PZ, Welborn TA, et al. (2007). "Risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in individuals with diabetes mellitus, impaired fasting glucose, and impaired glucose tolerance: the Australian Diabetes, Obesity, and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab)". Circulation. 116 (2): 151–7. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.685628. PMID 17576864.

[perio-7] Zadik Y, Bechor R, Galor S, Levin L (May 2010). "Periodontal disease might be associated even with impaired fasting glucose". Br Dent J. 208 (10): e20. doi:10.1038/sj.bdj.2010.291. PMID 20339371.

[8] Stychar, Irene; et al. (2006), "Physician Treatment Practices for Patients With Fasting Plasma Glucose Levels Between 6.1 and 6.9 mmol/L" (PDF), Canadian Journal of Diabetes, 30 (2): 138–145

[9] Canadian Diabetes Association (2011), Prevention and Management, retrieved 2011-11-10

v t e Diabetes (E10–E14, 250)

Types	Type 1 Type 2 LADA Gestational diabetes Diabetes and pregnancy Prediabetes Impaired fasting glucose Impaired glucose tolerance Insulin resistance KPD MODY Neonatal Transient Permanent Type 3c (Pancreatogenic)

Blood tests	Blood sugar Glycosylated hemoglobin Glucose tolerance test Postprandial glucose test Fructosamine Glucose test C-peptide Noninvasive glucose monitor Insulin tolerance test

Management	Diabetic diet Anti-diabetic drugs Insulin therapy intensive conventional pulsatile Cure Embryonic stem cells Artificial pancreas Other Gastric bypass surgery

Complications	Diabetic comas Hypoglycemia Ketoacidosis Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state Diabetic foot ulcer Neuropathic arthropathy Organs in diabetes Blood vessels Muscle Kidney Nerves Retina Heart Diabetic skin disease Diabetic dermopathy Diabetic bulla Diabetic cheiroarthropathy Neuropathic ulcer Hyperglycemia Hypoglycemia

Other	Glossary of diabetes

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impaired fasting glycemia