WordNet

to go or travel towards; "where is she heading"; "We were headed for the mountains"
the length or height based on the size of a human or animal head; "he is two heads taller than his little sister"; "his horse won by a head"
the pressure exerted by a fluid; "a head of steam"
the tip of an abscess (where the pus accumulates)
(nautical) a toilet on board a boat or ship
(usually plural) the obverse side of a coin that usually bears the representation of a persons head; "call heads or tails!"
a projection out from one end; "the head of the nail", "a pinhead is the head of a pin"
a single domestic animal; "200 head of cattle"
the striking part of a tool; "the head of the hammer"
the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains; "he stuck his head out the window" (同)caput
a person who is in charge; "the head of the whole operation" (同)chief, top_dog
(grammar) the word in a grammatical constituent that plays the same grammatical role as the whole constituent (同)head word
a rounded compact mass; "the head of a comet"
a user of (usually soft) drugs; "the office was full of secret heads"
an individual person; "tickets are $5 per head"
that part of a skeletal muscle that is away from the bone that it moves
the foam or froth that accumulates at the top when you pour an effervescent liquid into a container; "the beer had a large head of foam"
the front of a military formation or procession; "the head of the column advanced boldly"; "they were at the head of the attack"
the rounded end of a bone that fits into a rounded cavity in another bone to form a joint; "the head of the humerus"
the top of something; "the head of the stairs"; "the head of the page"; "the head of the list"
be the first or leading member of (a group) and excel; "This student heads the class" (同)head up
be in charge of; "Who is heading this project?" (同)lead
be in the front of or on top of; "The list was headed by the name of the president"
form a head or come or grow to a head; "The wheat headed early this year"
remove the head of; "head the fish"
take its rise; "These rivers head from a mountain range in the Himalayas"
a special situation; "this thing has got to end"; "it is a remarkable thing"
a separate and self-contained entity
an action; "how could you do such a thing?"
an artifact; "how does this thing work?"
an entity that is not named specifically; "I couldnt tell what the thing was"
any attribute or quality considered as having its own existence; "the thing I like about her is ..."
a persistent illogical feeling of desire or aversion; "he has a thing about seafood"; "she has a thing about him"
a special abstraction; "a thing of the spirit"; "things of the heart"
a special objective; "the thing is to stay in bounds"
a statement regarded as an object; "to say the same thing in other terms"; "how can you say such a thing?"
an event; "a funny thing happened on the way to the..."
of leafy vegetables; having formed into a head; "headed cabbages"
having a head of a specified kind or anything that serves as a head; often used in combination; "headed bolts"; "three-headed Cerberus"; "a cool-headed fighter pilot"
having a heading or caption; "a headed column"; "headed notepaper"
having a heading or course in a certain direction; "westward headed wagons"

PrepTutorEJDIC

(顔を含めた)『頭』,頭部,首;(髪の生えている部分の)頭 / 『頭脳』,頭の働き,知力,才能;理性 / 『長』,指導者,支配者 / (ある物の)頭,上部,先端,先頭 / (川・泉の)源,水源 / (人・動物の)頭数,一人,1頭 / 『首席』,首位 / 《複数形で》(頭像のある)貨幣の表 / 項目,表題(新聞の)見出し / 《米俗》マリファナ常用者 / 長の,指導者の / …‘の'先頭に立つ,‘を'率いる;…‘の'長である / (…の方へ)…‘を'向ける《+『名』+『for』(『toward』)+『名』》 / (サッカーで)〈ボール〉‘を'頭で受ける,ヘディングする / (…に向かって)進む《+for(toward)+名》・「give a head」で「オーラルセックスをする・相手の性器をなめる」
〈C〉(形のある)『物』,物体;(生物に対しての)『無生物』 / 〈C〉(形のない)『もの』,事,事柄,でき事 / 《複数形で》事情,事態,状勢,状況 / 《複数形で》(すべての)事物,事柄 / 《通例 the~》(努力・活動などの)目的,目標 / 〈C〉衣服,衣類・《one's things》持ち物,所持品,身の回り品 / 《複数形で》道具,用具・〈C〉《親愛・哀れみ・軽べつなどの感情をこめて》人,者,やつ / 《the~》《話》(…の)流行《+in+名》
《所有・所属》…『の』,…のものである,…に属する・《材料・要素》…『でできた』,から成る・《部分》…『の』[『中の』] ・《数量・単位・種類を表す名詞に付いて》…の・《原因・動機》…『で』,のために(because of) ・《主格関係》…『の』,による,によって・《目的格関係》…『を』,の・《同格関係》…『という』・《関係・関連》…『についての』[『の』],の点で・《抽象名詞などと共に》…の[性質をもつ] ・《『It is』+『形』+『of』+『名』+『to』 doの形で,ofの後の名詞を意味上の主語として》・《分離》…『から』・《起原・出所》…『から』[『の』](out of) ・《『名』+『of』+『a』(『an』)+『名』の形で》…のような・《『名』+『of』+『mine』(『yours, his』など独立所有格)の形で》…の…・《時》(1)《副詞句を作って》…に《形容詞句を作って》…の・《時刻》《米》…前(to,《米》before)
《前述の名詞または文脈でそれと分かる名詞に付けて》『その』,あの,名の / 《唯一の事物に付けて》 / 《方角・自然現象に付けて》 / 《用具・楽器・特定の病気などに付けて》 / 《修飾吾[句]を伴う名詞に付けて》 / 《単数普通名詞に付けて》(1)《種族全体》…『というもの』 / 《複数名詞または集合名詞に付けて》 / 《単位》『…につき;…単位[で]』 / 《身体の一部に付けて,所有格に代わる》 / 《形容詞に付けて》 / 《固有名詞に付けて》 / 《強意用法に》『随一の』,典型的な / 《「the+比較級,the+比較級」の形で》『…すればするほどそれだけ』 / 《比較級の前に》(…につれて,のために)『それだけ』,ますます
頭[部]のある,見出しのある / (キャベツなどが)結球した / 《複合語を作って》「…の頭を持つ」「頭が…の」の意を表す

UpToDate Contents

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1. 骨壊死症（無血管性骨壊死症） osteonecrosis avascular necrosis of bone
2. 小児における股関節痛の概要 overview of hip pain in childhood
3. 小児における跛行の原因に関する概要 overview of the causes of limp in children
4. 幼児、小児、および思春期における股関節の放射線学的評価 radiologic evaluation of the hip in infants children and adolescents
5. 癌性疼痛症候群の概要 overview of cancer pain syndromes

English Journal

A higher frequency of peripheral blood activated B cells in patients with non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head.

Zhang H1, Xiao F1, Liu Y1, Zhao D1, Shan Y2, Jiang Y3.
International immunopharmacology.Int Immunopharmacol.2014 May;20(1):95-100. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.02.016. Epub 2014 Feb 26.
OBJECTIVES: B cells play important roles in inflammatory diseases. This study was aimed at examining the frequency of different subsets of B cells in patients with non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (NONFH).METHODS: The percentages of the different subsets of circulating B cells in 28 p
PMID 24583150

The apoptosis of osteoblasts and osteocytes in femoral head osteonecrosis: its specificity and its distribution.

Mutijima E1, De Maertelaer V, Deprez M, Malaise M, Hauzeur JP.
Clinical rheumatology.Clin Rheumatol.2014 Apr 15. [Epub ahead of print]
The pathogenesis of nontraumatic osteonecrosis (ON) remains unclear. Some studies have suggested that nontraumatic ON is attributed to increased osteocytic apoptosis. To test this hypothesis, a controlled study must compare the apoptosis of osteocytes and osteoblasts in cases of ON and osteoarthriti
PMID 24733252

An Exploratory Clinical Trial for Idiopathic Osteonecrosis of Femoral Head by Cultured Autologous Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Augmented with Vascularized Bone Grafts.

Aoyama T1, Goto K, Kakinoki R, Ikeguchi R, Ueda M, Kasai Y, Maekawa T, Tada H, Teramukai S, Nakamura T, Toguchida J.
Tissue engineering. Part B, Reviews.Tissue Eng Part B Rev.2014 Apr 9. [Epub ahead of print]
Idiopathic osteonecrosis of femoral head (ION) is a painful disorder that progresses to collapse of the femoral head and destruction of the hip joint. Although its precise pathology remains unknown, the loss of blood supply causing the loss of living bone-forming cells is a hallmark of the pathophys
PMID 24593258

Japanese Journal

教育研修講座特発性大腿骨頭壊死症治療の新展開

日本整形外科学会雑誌 90(1), 30-35, 2016-01
NAID 40020728968

Rehabilitation program after mesenchymal stromal cell transplantation augmented by vascularized bone grafts for idiopathic osteonecrosis of the femoral head: a preliminary study.

Archives of
NAID 120005575166

片側の特発性大腿骨頭壊死症の術後2年で対側に新規に骨壊死をきたした1例

中部日本整形外科災害外科学会雑誌 58(6), 1115-1116, 2015
NAID 130005125036

「特発性大腿骨頭壊死症」

　　[★]

英: idiopathic osteonecrosis of the femoral head ION
同: 特発性大腿骨頭壊死
関: 大腿骨頭壊死症

概念

難病であり、特定疾患治療研究事業の対象疾患である

疫学

青年～壮年男子に好発

男女比=2-3:1 (SOR.540)

リスク因子

アルコール多飲：40歳代に多い
副腎皮質ステロイド内服：20歳代に多い

症状

SOR.251

アルコール多飲では50%が両側性であるが、ステロイド性では70%以上。

股関節痛が主であり、大腿痛、膝痛、坐骨神経痛もありうる。

検査

MRI：(stage1)band patternが認められる。壊死骨がhigh、正常骨梁と壊死部の境界がlow(線維性肉芽組織と新生骨添加部)、正常骨梁はhigh
単純X線写真：stage1では変化無く、stage2で帯状硬化像が認められ、stage3で骨頭が圧潰され、stage4で骨頭が圧潰、関節間隙狭小化、亜脱臼し二次関節症に至る像が認められる。