同: tissue factor

WordNet

coagulation factor that is converted to an enzyme that converts prothrombin to thrombin in a reaction that depends on calcium ions and other coagulation factors (同)factor_X
be a contributing factor; "make things factor into a companys profitability"
any of the numbers (or symbols) that form a product when multiplied together
an independent variable in statistics
anything that contributes causally to a result; "a number of factors determined the outcome"
consider as relevant when making a decision; "You must factor in the recent developments" (同)factor in, factor out
resolve into factors; "a quantum computer can factor the number 15" (同)factor in, factor out
an event known to have happened or something known to have existed; "your fears have no basis in fact"; "how much of the story is fact and how much fiction is hard to tell"
a concept whose truth can be proved; "scientific hypotheses are not facts"
a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred; "first you must collect all the facts of the case"
a statement or assertion of verified information about something that is the case or has happened; "he supported his argument with an impressive array of facts"
the 9th letter of the Roman alphabet (同)i

PrepTutorEJDIC

(…の)『要因』,(…を生み出す)要素《+『in』+『名』(do『ing』)》 / 囲数,約数 / 代理人,《おもに英》仲買人 / =factorize
〈C〉『事実』,実際にある(あった)事 / 〈U〉真相,真実(truth) / 《the~》(法律用語で)犯行
『私は』私が
iodineの化学記号

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/11/25 22:20:05」(JST)

wiki en

Tissue factor, also called platelet tissue factor, factor III, thromboplastin, or CD142 is a protein present in subendothelial tissue and leukocytes necessary for the initiation of thrombin formation from the zymogen prothrombin. Thromboplastin defines the cascade that leads to the activation of factor X - the tissue factor pathway. In doing so it has replaced the previously named extrinsic pathway in order to eliminate ambiguity.

Function

This gene encodes coagulation factor III which is a cell surface glycoprotein. This factor enables cells to initiate the blood coagulation cascades, and it functions as the high-affinity receptor for the coagulation factor VII. The resulting complex provides a catalytic event that is responsible for initiation of the coagulation protease cascades by specific limited proteolysis. Unlike the other cofactors of these protease cascades, which circulate as nonfunctional precursors, this factor is a potent initiator that is fully functional when expressed on cell surfaces. There are 3 distinct domains of this factor: extracellular, transmembrane, and cytoplasmic. This protein is the only one in the coagulation pathway for which a congenital deficiency has not been described.^[3] In addition to the membrane-bound tissue factor, soluble form of tissue factor was also found which results from alternatively spliced tissue factor mRNA transcripts, in which exon 5 is absent and exon 4 is spliced directly to exon 6.^[4]^[5]

Coagulation

The coagulation cascade.

TF is the cell surface receptor for the serine protease factor VIIa.

The best known function of tissue factor is its role in blood coagulation. The complex of TF with factor VIIa activates factor IX and catalyzes the conversion of the inactive protease factor X into the active protease factor Xa.

Together with factor VIIa, tissue factor forms the tissue factor or extrinsic pathway of coagulation. This is opposed to the intrinsic (amplification) pathway which involves both activated factor IX and factor VIII. Both pathways lead to the activation of factor X (the common pathway) which combines with activated factor V in the presence of calcium and phospholipid to produce thrombin (thromboplastin activity).

Cytokine signaling

TF is related to a protein family known as the cytokine receptor class II family. The members of this receptor family are activated by cytokines. Cytokines are small proteins that can influence the behavior of white blood cells. Binding of VIIa to TF has also been found to start signaling processes inside the cell. The signaling function of TF/VIIa plays a role in angiogenesis and apoptosis.

Structure

Tissue factor belongs to the cytokine receptor protein superfamily and consists of three domains:^[6]

an extracellular domain, which consists of two fibronectin type III modules whose hydrophobic cores merge in the domain-domain interface. This serves as a (probably rigid) template for factor VIIa binding.
a transmembrane domain.
a cytosolic domain of 21 amino acids length inside the cell which is involved in the signaling function of TF.

Note that one of factor VIIa's domains, GLA domain, binds in the presence of calcium to negatively charged phospholipids, and this binding greatly enhances factor VIIa binding to tissue factor.

Tissue distribution

Some cells release TF in response to blood vessel damage (see next paragraph) and some do only in response to inflammatory mediators (endothelial cells/macrophages).

TF is expressed by cells which are normally not exposed to flowing blood such as sub-endothelial cells (e.g. smooth muscle cells) and cells surrounding blood vessels (e.g. fibroblasts). This can change when the blood vessel is damaged by for example physical injury or rupture of atherosclerotic plaques. Exposure of TF expressing cells during injury allows the complex formation of TF with factor VII. Factor VII and TF form an equal molar complex in the presence of calcium ions and this leads to the activation of factor VII on a membrane surface.

The inner surface of the blood vessel consists of endothelial cells. Endothelial cells do not express TF except when they are exposed to inflammatory molecules such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). Another cell type that expresses TF on the cell surface in inflammatory conditions is the monocyte (a white blood cell).

Thromboplastin

Historically, thromboplastin was a lab reagent, usually derived from placental sources, used to assay prothrombin times (PT time). Thromboplastin, by itself, could activate the extrinsic coagulation pathway. When manipulated in the laboratory, a derivative could be created called partial thromboplastin. Partial thromboplastin was used to measure the intrinsic pathway. This test is called the aPTT, or activated partial thromboplastin time. It was not until much later that the subcomponents of thromboplastin and partial thromboplastin were identified. Thromboplastin is the combination of both phospholipids and tissue factor, both needed in the activation of the extrinsic pathway, and partial thromboplastin is just phospholipids without tissue factor. Tissue factor is not needed to activate the intrinsic pathway.

Interactions

Tissue factor has been shown to interact with Factor VII.^[7]^[8]

Additional images

Tissue factor
Blood plasma after the addition of tissue factor

References

^ "Human PubMed Reference:".
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:".
^ "Entrez Gene: F3 coagulation factor III (thromboplastin, tissue factor)".
^ Guo W, Wang H, Zhao W, Zhu J, Ju B, Wang X (2001). "Effect of all-trans retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide on tissue factor expression in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells". Chin. Med. J. 114 (1): 30–4. PMID 11779431.
^ Bogdanov VY, Balasubramanian V, Hathcock J, Vele O, Lieb M, Nemerson Y (April 2003). "Alternatively spliced human tissue factor: a circulating, soluble, thrombogenic protein". Nat. Med. 9 (4): 458–62. doi:10.1038/nm841. PMID 12652293.
^ Muller YA, Ultsch MH, de Vos AM (Feb 1996). "The crystal structure of the extracellular domain of human tissue factor refined to 1.7 Å resolution". Journal of molecular biology. 256 (1): 144–159. doi:10.1006/jmbi.1996.0073. PMID 8609606.
^ Carlsson K, Freskgård PO, Persson E, Carlsson U, Svensson M (Jun 2003). "Probing the interface between factor Xa and tissue factor in the quaternary complex tissue factor-factor VIIa-factor Xa-tissue factor pathway inhibitor". Eur. J. Biochem. 270 (12): 2576–82. doi:10.1046/j.1432-1033.2003.03625.x. PMID 12787023.
^ Zhang E, St Charles R, Tulinsky A (Feb 1999). "Structure of extracellular tissue factor complexed with factor VIIa inhibited with a BPTI mutant". J. Mol. Biol. 285 (5): 2089–104. doi:10.1006/jmbi.1998.2452. PMID 9925787.

External links

Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) 134390
PDB Molecule of the Month Tissue factor - March 2006

UpToDate Contents

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Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「トロンボプラスチン」「組織因子」「prothrombinase」「tissue factor」
拡張検索	「blood coagulation factor III」「coagulation factor III」
関連記事	「II」「I」「fact」「factor」

「トロンボプラスチン」

F3
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	1AHW, 1BOY, 1DAN, 1FAK, 1J9C, 1JPS, 1O5D, 1TFH, 1UJ3, 1W0Y, 1W2K, 1WQV, 1WSS, 1WTG, 1WUN, 1WV7, 1Z6J, 2A2Q, 2AEI, 2AER, 2B7D, 2B8O, 2C4F, 2CEF, 2CEH, 2CEZ, 2CFJ, 2EC9, 2F9B, 2FIR, 2FLB, 2HFT, 2PUQ, 2ZP0, 2ZWL, 2ZZU, 3ELA, 3TH2, 3TH3, 3TH4, 4IBL, 4M7L, 4Z6A, 4ZMA, 4YLQ, 2FLR
Identifiers
Aliases	F3, CD142, TF, TFA, coagulation factor III, tissue factor
External IDs	OMIM: 134390 MGI: 88381 HomoloGene: 1511 GeneCards: F3
Gene ontology
Molecular function	• protein binding; • cytokine receptor activity; • phospholipid binding; • serine-type endopeptidase activity; • protease binding;
Cellular component	• integral component of membrane; • membrane; • extracellular matrix; • intrinsic component of external side of plasma membrane; • plasma membrane; • extracellular region; • extracellular exosome; • extracellular space; • cell surface;
Biological process	• hemostasis; • positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling; • positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation; • cytokine-mediated signaling pathway; • positive regulation of cell migration; • activation of blood coagulation via clotting cascade; • positive regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway; • positive regulation of angiogenesis; • blood coagulation, extrinsic pathway; • activation of plasma proteins involved in acute inflammatory response; • activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process; • positive regulation of positive chemotaxis; • blood coagulation; • protein processing;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
	More reference expression data
Orthologs
	2152
	14066
	ENSG00000117525
	ENSMUSG00000028128
	P13726
	P20352
	NM_001993; NM_001178096
	NM_010171
	NP_001171567.1; NP_001984.1
	NP_034301.3
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

　　[★]

英: thromboplastin
同: 第III因子 factor III。CD142？
関: 血液凝固因子

単にトロンボプラスチンという場合は完全トロンボプラスチン(組織トロンボプラスチン)を指す。