extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

体外衝撃波結石破砕法

WordNet

1. strike with horror or terror; "The news of the bombing shocked her"
2. (pathology) bodily collapse or near collapse caused by inadequate oxygen delivery to the cells; characterized by reduced cardiac output and rapid heartbeat and circulatory insufficiency and pallor; "loss of blood is an important cause of shock"
3. subject to electrical shocks
4. the violent interaction of individuals or groups entering into combat; "the armies met in the shock of battle" (同)impact
5. an unpleasant or disappointing surprise; "it came as a shock to learn that he was injured" (同)blow
6. an instance of agitation of the earths crust; "the first shock of the earthquake came shortly after noon while workers were at lunch" (同)seismic disturbance
7. a bushy thick mass (especially hair); "he had an unruly shock of black hair"
8. a pile of sheaves of grain set on end in a field to dry; stalks of Indian corn set up in a field; "corn is bound in small sheaves and several sheaves are set up together in shocks"; "whole fields of wheat in shock"
9. surprise greatly; knock someones socks off; "I was floored when I heard that I was promoted" (同)floor, ball over, blow out of the water, take aback
10. strike with disgust or revulsion; "The scandalous behavior of this married woman shocked her friends" (同)offend, scandalize, scandalise, appal, appall, outrage
11. collect or gather into shocks; "shock grain"
12. collide violently
13. an undulating curve (同)undulation
14. a persistent and widespread unusual weather condition (especially of unusual temperatures); "a heat wave"
15. set waves in; "she asked the hairdresser to wave her hair"
16. a movement like that of a sudden occurrence or increase in a specified phenomenon; "a wave of settlers"; "troops advancing in waves"
17. one of a series of ridges that moves across the surface of a liquid (especially across a large body of water) (同)moving ridge
18. (physics) a movement up and down or back and forth (同)undulation
19. the act of signaling by a movement of the hand (同)waving, wafture
20. a hairdo that creates undulations in the hair
21. something that rises rapidly; "a wave of emotion swept over him"; "there was a sudden wave of buying before the market closed"; "a wave of conservatism in the country led by the hard right"
22. a member of the womens reserve of the United States Navy; originally organized during World War II but now no longer a separate branch

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 〈C〉(衝突・爆発などの)『衝撃』,(地震の)震動,電撃 / 〈C〉〈U〉(精神的)『打撃』,ショック / 〈U〉ショック症 / 《しばしば受動態で》〈人〉‘を'『ぎょっとさせる』,ひどく驚かせる / (治療のため)〈人・動物〉‘に'電気ショクを与える
2. (乾燥させるために立てかけた)穀類の刈り束 / 〈穀類〉‘を'刈り束にする
3. (髪の毛の)もじゃもじゃの固まり《+『of』+『名』》
4. (前後左右・上下に)『揺れる』,ひらめく,ひらひらする / (波形に)『起伏する』,うねる / (手・旗などを振って)『合図する』,手を振る;(…のために,…に向かって)手を振る《+in(to, at)+名》 / (に向かって)‘…を'振る,揺り動かす,ひらめかす《+名+at+名》 / 《方向を表す副詞[句]を伴って》(手・旗などを振って)〈人〉‘に'『合図する』 / ‘…を'起伏させる,うねらせる:〈頭髪〉‘を'ウエーブさせる / 『波』,波浪 / (…の)『波のような動き』,うねり《+of+名》 / (感情・景気などの一時的な)高まり,強まり;(寒暑の)急激な波《+of+名》 / (手・旗などを)振ること,振ってする合図;(…を)振ること《+of+名》 / (髪の)縮れ,ウエーブ / (光・音・電気などの)波
5. びっくりさせる,ぞっとする / 全くひどい(very bad),不愉快な(offensive)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/01/29 18:06:55」(JST)

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Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy
Intervention
Some of the passed fragments of a 1-cm calcium oxalate stone that was smashed using lithotripsy.
ICD-9-CM	98.5
MeSH	D008096

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is a non-invasive treatment of kidney stones (urinary calculosis) and biliary calculi (stones in the gallbladder or in the liver) using an acoustic pulse. It is also reported to be used for salivary stones. and pancreatic stones [1]

It is estimated that more than one million patients are treated annually with ESWL in the USA alone.

History

It was first used by physicians from the university hospital Großhadern (Munich, Germany) and technicians from Dornier System (Friedrichshafen, Germany) in 1980. The device used is now displayed in the Deutsches Medizinhistorischen Museum in Ingolstadt.

Non-invasive treatment

The lithotriptor attempts to break up the stone with minimal collateral damage by using an externally applied, focused, high-intensity acoustic pulse. The sedated or anesthetized patient lies down in the apparatus' bed, with the back supported by a water-filled coupling device placed at the level of kidneys. A fluoroscopic x-ray imaging system or an ultrasound imaging system is used to locate the stone and aim the treatment. The first generation lithotriptor known as the Dornier HM3 (Human Model 3), has a half ellipsoid-shaped piece that opens toward the patient. The acoustic pulse is generated at the ellipsoidal focal point that is furthest from the patient and the stone positioned at the opposite focal point receives the focused shock wave. The treatment usually starts at the equipment's lowest power level, with a long gap between pulses, in order to accustom the patient to the sensation. The length of gap between pulses is also controlled to allow cavitation bubbles to disperse minimizing tissue damage. Second and later generation machines use an acoustic lens to focus the shock wave. This functions much like an optical lens, focusing the shock wave at the desired loci. The frequency of pulses are currently left at a slow rate for more effective comminution of the stone and to minimize morbidity while the power levels are then gradually increased, so as to break up the stone. The final power level usually depends on the patient's pain threshold and the observed success of stone breakage. If the stone is positioned near a bone (usually a rib in the case of kidney stones), this treatment may be more uncomfortable because the shock waves can cause a mild resonance in the bone which can be felt by the patient. The sensation of the treatment is likened to an elastic band twanging off the skin. Alternatively the patient may be sedated during the procedure. This allows the power levels to be brought up more quickly and a much higher pulse frequency, often up to 120 shocks per minute.

The successive shock wave pressure pulses result in direct shearing forces, as well as cavitation bubbles surrounding the stone, which fragment the stones into smaller pieces that then can easily pass through the ureters or the cystic duct. The process takes about an hour. A ureteral stent (a kind of expandable hollow tube) may be used at the discretion of the urologist. The stent allows for easier passage of the stone by relieving obstruction and through passive dilatation of the ureter.

Extracorporeal lithotripsy works best with stones between 4 mm and 20 mm (0.4 cm and 2.0 cm) in diameter that are still located in the kidney. ESWL can be used to break up stones located in ureters as well, but with a lower rate of success.

The patients undergoing this procedure can, in some cases, see for themselves the progress of their treatment. If allowed to view the ultrasound or x-ray monitor, they may be able to see their stones change from a distinct bright point (or dark spot depending on whether the fluoro unit is set up in native or bones white) to a fuzzy cloud as the stone is disintegrated into a fine powder.

ESWL is the least invasive of the commonplace modalities for definitive stone treatment, but provides a lower stone-free rate than other more invasive treatment methods, such as ureteroscopic manipulation with laser lithotripsy or percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) or retrogade intrarenal surgery (RIRS). The passage of stone fragments may take a few days or a week and may cause mild to extreme pain depending on the patient and the success of the operation. Patients may be instructed to drink as much water as practical during this time. Patients are also advised to void through a stone screen in order to capture stone fragments for analysis.

ESWL is not without risks. The shock waves themselves, as well as cavitation bubbles formed by the agitation of the urine medium, can lead to capillary damage, renal parenchymal or subcapsular hemorrhage. This can lead to long-term consequences such as renal failure and hypertension. Overall complication rates of ESWL range from 5–20%. Occasionally, patients have experienced infections and thus are advised by medical professionals to obtain medical help as soon as possible if they develop a fever.

References

Further reading

• Abe T, Akakura K, Kawaguchi M, Ueda T, Ichikawa T, Ito H; et al. (2005). "Outcomes of shockwave lithotripsy for upper urinary-tract stones: a large-scale study at a single institution". J Endourol 19 (7): 768–73. doi:10.1089/end.2005.19.768. 
• Albala DM, Assimos DG, Clayman RV, Denstedt JD, Grasso M, Gutierrez-Aceves J, Kahn RI, Leveillee RJ, Lingeman JE, Macaluso JN, Munch LC, Nakada SY, Newman RC, Pearle MS, Preminger GM, Teichman J, Woods JR (2001). "Lower pole I: a prospective randomized trial of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and percutaneous nephrostolithotomy for lower pole nephrolithiasis-initial results". The Journal of Urology 166 (6): 2072–80. 
• Anagnostou T, Tolley D (2004). "Management of ureteric stones". Eur Urol. 45 (6): 714–21. doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2003.10.018. 
• Auge BK, Preminger GM (2002). "Update on shock wave lithotripsy technology". Curr Opin Urol. 12 (4): 287–90. doi:10.1097/00042307-200207000-00005. 
• Chacko J, Moore M, Sankey N, Chandhoke PS (2006). "Does a slower treatment rate impact the efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for solitary kidney or ureteral stones?.". J Urol. 175 (4): 1370–3. doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(05)00683-x. 
• Chaussy CG, Fuchs GJ. "Current state and future developments of noninvasive treatment of human urinary stones with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. J Urol. 1989;141(3 Pt 2):782-9.
• Collins JW, Keeley FX (2002). "Is there a role for prophylactic shock wave lithotripsy for asymptomatic calyceal stones?". Curr Opin Urol. 12 (4): 281–6. doi:10.1097/00042307-200207000-00004. 
• Delius M (1988). "This month in Investigative Urology: effect of extracorporeal shock waves on the kidney". J Urol. 140 (2): 390. 
• Hayes J, Ding S (2012). "Pancreatic stone and treatment using ERCP and ESWL procedures: a case study and review". NZMJ 125 (1361). 
• Joshi HB, Obadeyi OO, Rao PN (1999). "A comparative analysis of nephrostomy, JJ stent and urgent in situ extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for obstructing ureteric stones". BJU Int. 84 (3): 264–9. doi:10.1046/j.1464-410x.1999.00174.x. 
• Kim FJ, Rice KR (2006). "Prediction of shockwave failure in patients with urinary tract stones". Curr Opin Urol. 16 (2): 88–92. doi:10.1097/01.mou.0000193373.22318.68. 
• Krambeck AE, Gettman MT, Rohlinger AL, Lohse CM, Patterson DE, Segura JW (2006). "Diabetes mellitus and hypertension associated with shock wave lithotripsy of renal and proximal ureteral stones at 19 years of followup". J Urol. 175 (5): 1742–7. doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(05)00989-4. 
• Lee C, Ugarte R, Best S, Monga M (2007). "Impact of renal function on efficacy of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy". J Endourol 21 (5): 490–3. doi:10.1089/end.2006.0319. 
• Lee YH, Tsai JY, Jiaan BP, Wu T, Yu CC (2006). "Prospective randomized trial comparing shock wave lithotripsy and ureteroscopic lithotripsy for management of large upper third ureteral stones". Urology 67 (3): 480–4. doi:10.1016/j.urology.2005.09.067. 
• Lindqvist K, Holmberg G, Peeker R, Grenabo L (2006). "Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy or ureteroscopy as primary treatment for ureteric stones: a retrospective study comparing two different treatment strategies". Scand J Urol Nephrol 40 (2): 113–8. doi:10.1080/00365590410028683. 
• Lingeman JE, Zafar FS. Lithotripsy systems. In: Smith AD, Badlani GH, Bagley DH, et al. Smith's Textbook of Endourology. St Louis, Mo: Quality Medical Publishing; 1996:553–89.
• Lingeman JE, Kim SC, Kuo RL, McAteer JA, Evan AP (2003). "Shockwave lithotripsy: anecdotes and insights". J Endourol 17 (9): 687–93. doi:10.1089/089277903770802191. 
• Liou LS, Streem SB (2001). "Long-term renal functional effects of shock wave lithotripsy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy and combination therapy: a comparative study of patients with solitary kidney". J Urol. 166 (1): 36. doi:10.1097/00005392-200107000-00008. 
• Macaluso JN, Thomas R (1991). "Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: an outpatient procedure". The Journal of Urology 146 (3): 714–7. 
• Macaluso JN (1996). "Management of stone disease—bearing the burden". The Journal of Urology 156 (5): 1579–80. doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(01)65452-1. 
• Macaluso JN: "Shock Wave Lithotripsy for Stones in the Ureter. Business Briefing: North America Pharmacotherapy; 85–88, April 2004
• Macaluso JN (1999). "Editorial Comment: re Incorporation of patient preferences in the treatment of upper urinary tract calculi: a decision analytical view". Journal of Urology 162: 1913–1919. 
• Madaan S, Joyce AD (2007). "Limitations of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy". Curr Opin Urol. 17 (2): 109–13. doi:10.1097/mou.0b013e32802b70bc. 
• Martin TV, Sosa RE. "Shock-wave lithotripsy. In: Walsh PC, Retik AB, Vaughan ED, Wein AJ. Campbell's Urology. Vol 3. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders; 1998:2735-52.
• Micali S, Grande M, Sighinolfi MC, De Stefani S, Bianchi G (2007). "Efficacy of expulsive therapy using nifedipine or tamsulosin, both associated with ketoprofene, after shock wave lithotripsy of ureteral stones". Urol Res. 35 (3): 133–7. doi:10.1007/s00240-007-0085-5. 
• Moody JA, Evans AP, Lingeman JE. Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy. In: Weiss RM, George NJR, O'Reilly PH, eds. Comprehensive Urology. Mosby International Limited; 2001:623-36.
• Pareek G, Armenakas NA, Fracchia JA (2003). "Hounsfield units on computerized tomography predict stone-free rates after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy". J Urol. 169 (5): 1679–81. doi:10.1097/01.ju.0000055608.92069.3a. 
• Pearle MS, Lingeman JE, Leveillee R, Kuo R, Preminger GM, Nadler RB, Macaluso JN, Monga M, Kumar U, Dushinski J, Albala DM, Wolf JS, Assimos D, Fabrizio M, Munch LC, Nakada SY, Auge B, Honey J, Ogan K, Pattaras J, McDougall EM, Averch TD, Turk T, Pietrow P, Watkins S (2005). "Prospective, randomized trial comparing shock wave lithotripsy and ureteroscopy for lower pole caliceal calculi 1 cm or less". The Journal of Urology 173 (6): 2005–9. doi:10.1097/01.ju.0000158458.51706.56. 
• Putman SS, Hamilton BD, Johnson DB (2004). "The use of shock wave lithotripsy for renal calculi". Curr Opin Urol. 14 (2): 117–21. doi:10.1097/00042307-200403000-00012. 
• Sayed MA, el-Taher AM, Aboul-Ella HA, Shaker SE (2001). "Steinstrasse after extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy: aetiology, prevention and management". BJU Int. 88 (7): 675–8. doi:10.1046/j.1464-4096.2001.02435.x. 
• Segura JW, Preminger GM, Assimos DG, Dretler SP, Kahn RI, Lingeman JE, Macaluso JN; et al. (1994). "Nephrolithiasis Clinical Guidelines Panel summary report on the management of staghorn calculi. The American Urological Association Nephrolithiasis Clinical Guidelines Panel". J Urol. 151 (6): 1648–51. 
• Segura JW, Preminger GM, Assimos DG, Dretler SP, Kahn RI, Lingeman JE, Macaluso JN (1997). "Ureteral Stones Clinical Guidelines Panel summary report on the management of ureteral calculi. The American Urological Association.". The Journal of Urology 158 (5): 1915–21. doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(01)64173-9. 
• Sheir KZ, Madbouly K, Elsobky E, Abdelkhalek M (2003). "Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in anomalous kidneys: 11-year experience with two second-generation lithotripters". Urology 62 (1): 10–5. doi:10.1016/s0090-4295(03)00369-8. 
• Sheir KZ, El-Diasty TA, Ismail AM (2005). "Evaluation of a synchronous twin-pulse technique for shock wave lithotripsy: the first prospective clinical study". BJU Int. 95 (3): 389–93. doi:10.1111/j.1464-410x.2005.05306.x. 
• Skolarikos A, Alivizatos G, de la Rosette J (2006). "Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy 25 years later: complications and their prevention". Eur Urol. 50 (5): 981–90. doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2006.01.045. 
• Tan EC, Tung KH, Foo KT (1991). "Comparative studies of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy by Dornier HM3, EDAP LT 01 and Sonolith 2000 devices". J Urol. 146 (2): 294–7. 
• Thomas R, Macaluso JN, Vandenberg T, Salvatore F (1993). "An innovative approach to management of lower third ureteral calculi". Journal of Urology 149 (6): 1427–1430. 
• Unal B, Kara S, Bilgili Y, Basar H, Yilmaz E, Batislam E (2005). "Giant abdominal wall abscess dissecting into thorax as a complication of ESWL". Urology 65 (2): 389. doi:10.1016/j.urology.2004.08.050. 
• Weiland D, Lee C, Ugarte R, Monga M (2007). "Impact of shockwave coupling on efficacy of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy". J Endourol 21 (2): 137–40. doi:10.1089/end.2006.0179. 
• Winters JC, Macaluso JN: 1995 "Ungated Medstone Outpatient Lithotripsy. Journal of Urology, Volume 153, #3, 593–595,

External links

• Electromagnetic Technology
• Shock wave therapy for kidney stones linked to increased risk of diabetes, hypertension
• Video explanation and demonstration of an extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy device
• ESWL devices

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

• 1. 成人における腎尿管結石症マネージメントのオプション options in the management of renal and ureteral stones in adults
• 2. 体外衝撃波砕石術の腎合併症 renal complications of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy
• 3. 膵臓結石の体外衝撃波砕石術 extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for pancreatic stones
• 4. 尿管結石のマネージメント management of ureteral calculi
• 5. 胆石治療のためのレーザー砕石術 laser lithotripsy for the treatment of gallstones

English Journal

• Contemporary management of ureteral stones.

• Bader MJ, Eisner B, Porpiglia F, Preminger GM, Tiselius HG.SourceDepartment of Urology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Klinikum Grosshadern, Munich, Germany.
• European urology.Eur Urol.2012 Apr;61(4):764-72. Epub 2012 Jan 14.
• CONTEXT: Ureteral calculi represent a common condition that urologists encounter in everyday practice. Several treatment options are available for calculi that do not pass spontaneously or are unlikely to do so.OBJECTIVE: In this nonsystematic review, we summarize the existing data on contemporary m
• PMID 22266271

• Miniperc: what is its current status?

• Sabnis RB, Ganesamoni R, Sarpal R.SourceDepartment of Urology, Muljibhai Patel Urological Hospital, Nadiad, Gujarat, India.
• Current opinion in urology.Curr Opin Urol.2012 Mar;22(2):129-33.
• PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To review the recently published literature related to miniperc.RECENT FINDINGS: Miniperc has generated lot of enthusiasm in the last few years. Miniperc utilizes tract size of 20 F or less, hence the complication rates are much less. Hematocrit drop is significantly reduced and
• PMID 22273758

Japanese Journal

• APRT部分欠損症に合併した1歳女児両側腎結石症の治療経験

• 仲西 昌太郎,齊藤 亮一,水野 桂 [他]
• 泌尿器科紀要 57(10), 551-554, 2011-10
• … We perfomed extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) under general anesthesia, and as dissolution therapy we administered Meylon through the nephrostomy and citric acid orally. …
• NAID 40019038778

• Shock wave–bubble interaction near soft and rigid boundaries during lithotripsy: numerical analysis by the improved ghost fluid method

• Kobayashi Kazumichi,Kodama Tetsuya,Takahira Hiroyuki
• Physics in Medicine and Biology 56(19), 6421-6440, 2011-09-15
• … In the case of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), a shock wave–bubble interaction inevitably occurs near the focusing point of stones, resulting in stone fragmentation and subsequent tissue damage. …
• NAID 120003340672

Related Links

• ESWL & Lithotripter & Shockwave Therapy & Lithotripsy ...

ESWL & lithotripter & shockwave therapy & lithotripsy treatment & extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy | Inquire Today. It has the specialists well-experienced in shock wave researching and relevant hi-tech developing work. 0) || ...

• Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) for Kidney ...

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) uses sound waves (also called shock waves) to break a kidney stone into small pieces that can more easily travel through the urinary tract and pass from the body. See an ...

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「体外衝撃波結石破砕術」「ESWL」「体外衝撃波破砕療法」
拡張検索	「extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy of gallstones」
関連記事	「shock」「wave」「shock wave」「extracorporeal」

「体外衝撃波結石破砕術」

　　[★]

英

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy、ESWL

同

体外衝撃波結石破砕法、体外衝撃波砕石術、体外衝撃波破砕療法

関

経皮的腎尿管切石術

[show details]

体外衝撃波結石破砕術 : 約 29,100 件
体外衝撃波結石破砕法 : 100 件

概念

• 体外的に超音波を結石に収束させ結石を砂状に破壊する。

施行上の注意

• stone streetの形成が予想されるような大きい結石では、尿管ステントや腎瘻造設を行っておく。
• 小児は発泡メチロールにより肺を保護
• 長径2cm以下の結石は砕石1年以内に70-80%排泄されるが、2cm以上の場合半数に残石を認めるので、大きい結石をESWLにて砕石する場合にはPNL、TULを併用する。

禁忌と慎重

• 禁忌：妊娠女性、尿管閉塞
• 慎重：出血傾向、小児、腹部大動脈瘤、動脈の石灰化

合併症

• 腎皮膜下血腫、消化管出血、肺胞出血、皮下出血、不整脈、徐脈、自律神経反射、尿路閉塞(破砕結石の嵌頓)、敗血症など
• 症状としては血尿、微熱、側腹部痛

国試

• 101H050

「ESWL」

　　[★]

• 体外衝撃波結石破砕術、体外衝撃波結石破砕法、extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy
• 体外衝撃波結石破砕装置 extracorporeal shock wave lithotriptor

「体外衝撃波破砕療法」

　　[★]

英

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

関

体外衝撃波結石破砕法、体外衝撃波砕石術、体外衝撃波結石破砕術

「extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy of gallstones」

　　[★] 体外衝撃波胆石破砕術

「shock」

　　[★] ショック

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「wave」

　　[★]

• n.

• 波、波動

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「shock wave」

　　[★] ショック波、衝撃波

「extracorporeal」

　　[★]

corporeal

• adj

• 体外の