before the usual time or the time expected; "she graduated early"; "the house was completed ahead of time" (同)ahead of time, too soon
in good time; "he awoke betimes that morning" (同)betimes
belonging to the distant past; "the early inhabitants of Europe"; "former generations"; "in other times" (同)former, other
at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time; "early morning"; "an early warning"; "early diagnosis"; "an early death"; "took early retirement"; "an early spring"; "early varieties of peas and tomatoes mature before most standard varieties"
being or occurring at an early stage of development; "in an early stage"; "early forms of life"; "early man"; "an early computer"
expected in the near future; "look for an early end to the negotiations"
of an early stage in the development of a language or literature; "the Early Hebrew alphabetical script is that used mainly from the 11th to the 6th centuries B.C."; "Early Modern English is represented in documents printed from 1476 to 1700"
cultivate by growing, often involving improvements by means of agricultural techniques; "The Bordeaux region produces great red wines"; "They produce good ham in Parma"; "We grow wheat here"; "We raise hogs here" (同)raise, farm, produce
come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes); "He grew a beard"; "The patient developed abdominal pains"; "I got funny spots all over my body"; "Well-developed breasts" (同)develop, produce, get, acquire
become attached by or as if by the process of growth; "The tree trunks had grown together"
become larger, greater, or bigger; expand or gain; "The problem grew too large for me"; "Her business grew fast"
cause to grow or develop; "He grows vegetables in his backyard"
increase in size by natural process; "Corn doesnt grow here"; "In these forests, mushrooms grow under the trees"; "her hair doesnt grow much anymore"
(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level; "he proposed an indicator of osseous development in children" (同)growing, maturation, development, ontogeny, ontogenesis
(pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)
a progression from simpler to more complex forms; "the growth of culture"
something grown or growing; "a growth of hair"
vegetation that has grown; "a growth of trees"; "the only growth was some salt grass"
a result; "this situation developed in response to events in Africa"
a phrase recited or sung by the congregation following a versicle by the priest or minister
the manner in which an electrical or mechanical device responds to an input signal or a range of input signals
fruiting spike of a cereal plant especially corn (同)spike, capitulum
attention to what is said; "he tried to get her ear"
good hearing; "he had a keen ear"; "a good ear for pitch"
• DNA binding • sequence-specific DNA binding • RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding • transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding • transcriptional activator activity, RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding • transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding • metal ion binding • transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding • protein binding • histone acetyltransferase binding • nucleic acid binding • transcription regulatory region DNA binding • hemi-methylated DNA-binding • double-stranded methylated DNA binding • zinc ion binding • promoter-specific chromatin binding
Cellular component
• nucleoplasm • cell nucleus • cytoplasm
Biological process
• regulation of apoptotic process • cellular response to organic substance • regulation of transcription, DNA-templated • glomerular mesangial cell proliferation • negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • response to glucose • transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • BMP signaling pathway • transcription, DNA-templated • positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated • response to insulin • interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway • cellular response to mycophenolic acid • T cell differentiation • type I interferon signaling pathway • positive regulation of glomerular metanephric mesangial cell proliferation • cellular response to gamma radiation • regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to hypoxia • skeletal muscle cell differentiation • cellular response to heparin • regulation of protein sumoylation • negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway • positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • cellular response to interleukin-8 • response to hypoxia • response to ischemia • estrous cycle • positive regulation of chemokine biosynthetic process • positive regulation of hormone biosynthetic process • positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta biosynthetic process • regulation of progesterone biosynthetic process
Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species
Human
Mouse
Entrez
1958
13653
Ensembl
ENSG00000120738
ENSMUSG00000038418
UniProt
P18146
P08046
RefSeq (mRNA)
NM_001964
NM_007913
RefSeq (protein)
NP_001955
NP_031939
Location (UCSC)
Chr 5: 138.47 – 138.47 Mb
Chr 18: 34.86 – 34.86 Mb
PubMed search
[3]
[4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human
View/Edit Mouse
EGR-1 (Early growth response protein 1) also known as Zif268 (zinc finger protein 225) or NGFI-A (nerve growth factor-induced protein A) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EGR1 gene.
EGR-1 is a mammalian transcription factor. It was also named Krox-24, TIS8, and ZENK. It was originally discovered in mice.
Contents
1Function
2Structure
3DNA binding specificity
4Interactions
5See also
6References
7Further reading
8External links
Function
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the EGR family of Cys2His2-type zinc finger proteins. It is a nuclear protein and functions as a transcriptional regulator. The products of target genes it activates are required for differentiation and mitogenesis. Studies suggest this is a tumor suppressor gene.[5]
It has a distinct pattern of expression in the brain, and its induction has been shown to be associated with neuronal activity. Several studies suggest it has a role in neuronal plasticity.[6]
EGR-1 has also been found to regulate the expression of VAMP2 (a protein important for synaptic exocytosis).[7]
Structure
The DNA-binding domain of EGR-1 consists of three zinc finger domains of the Cys2His2 type.
The amino acid structure of the EGR-1 zinc finger domain is given in this table, using the single letter amino acid code. The fingers 1 to 3 are indicated by f1 - f3. The numbers are in reference to the residues (amino acids) of alpha helix (there is no zero). The residues marked 'x' are not part of the zinc fingers, but rather serve to connect them all together.
The crystal structure of DNA bound by the zinc finger domain of EGR-1 was solved in 1991, which greatly aided early research in zinc finger DNA-binding domains.[8]
The human EGR-1 protein contains (in its unprocessed form) 543 amino acids with a molecular weight of 57.5 kDa, and the gene is located on the chromosome 5.
DNA binding specificity
EGR-1 binds the DNA sequence 5'-GCG TGG GCG-3' (and similar ones like 5'-GCG GGG GCG-3').[9][10]
The f1 position 6 binds the 5' G (the first base count from the left); the f1 position 3 to the second base (C); f1 position -1 binds to the third position (G); f2 position 6 to the fourth base (T); and so on.
Interactions
EGR-1 has been shown to interact with:
CEBPB,[11]
CREB-binding protein,[12]
EP300,[12]
NAB1,[13]
P53,[14] and
PSMA3[15]
See also
Zinc finger
References
^ abcGRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000120738 - Ensembl, May 2017
^ abcGRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000038418 - Ensembl, May 2017
^"Human PubMed Reference:".
^"Mouse PubMed Reference:".
^"Entrez Gene: EGR1 early growth response 1".
^Knapska E, Kaczmarek L (2004). "A gene for Neuronal Plasticity in the Mammalian Brain: Zif286/Egr1/NGFI-A/Krox-24/TIS-8/ZENK?". Progress in Neurobiology. 74: 183–211. doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2004.05.007.
^Petersohn D, Thiel G (1996). "Role of zinc-finger proteins Sp1 and zif268/egr-1 in transcriptional regulation of the human synaptobrevin II gene". European Journal of Biochemistry. 239: 827. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1996.0827u.x.
^Pavletich NP, Pabo CO (May 1991). "Zinc finger-DNA recognition: crystal structure of a Zif268-DNA complex at 2.1 A". Science. 252 (5007): 809–17. doi:10.1126/science.2028256. PMID 2028256.
^Christy B, Nathans D (Nov 1989). "DNA binding site of the growth factor-inducible protein Zif268". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 86 (22): 8737–41. doi:10.1073/pnas.86.22.8737. PMC 298363. PMID 2510170.
^Swirnoff AH, Milbrandt J (Apr 1995). "DNA-binding specificity of NGFI-A and related zinc finger transcription factors". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 15 (4): 2275–87. doi:10.1128/mcb.15.4.2275. PMC 230455. PMID 7891721.
^Zhang F, Lin M, Abidi P, Thiel G, Liu J (Nov 2003). "Specific interaction of Egr1 and c/EBPbeta leads to the transcriptional activation of the human low density lipoprotein receptor gene". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (45): 44246–54. doi:10.1074/jbc.M305564200. PMID 12947119.
^ abSilverman ES, Du J, Williams AJ, Wadgaonkar R, Drazen JM, Collins T (Nov 1998). "cAMP-response-element-binding-protein-binding protein (CBP) and p300 are transcriptional co-activators of early growth response factor-1 (Egr-1)". The Biochemical Journal. 336 (1): 183–9. doi:10.1042/bj3360183. PMC 1219856. PMID 9806899.
^Russo MW, Sevetson BR, Milbrandt J (Jul 1995). "Identification of NAB1, a repressor of NGFI-A- and Krox20-mediated transcription". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 92 (15): 6873–7. doi:10.1073/pnas.92.15.6873. PMC 41432. PMID 7624335.
^Liu J, Grogan L, Nau MM, Allegra CJ, Chu E, Wright JJ (Apr 2001). "Physical interaction between p53 and primary response gene Egr-1". International Journal of Oncology. 18 (4): 863–70. doi:10.3892/ijo.18.4.863. PMID 11251186.
^Bae MH, Jeong CH, Kim SH, Bae MK, Jeong JW, Ahn MY, Bae SK, Kim ND, Kim CW, Kim KR, Kim KW (Oct 2002). "Regulation of Egr-1 by association with the proteasome component C8". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 1592 (2): 163–7. doi:10.1016/s0167-4889(02)00310-5. PMID 12379479.
Further reading
Heath RG (Mar 1975). "Brain function and behavior. I. Emotion and sensory phenomena in psychotic patients and in experimental animals". The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 160 (3): 159–75. doi:10.1097/00005053-197503000-00002. PMID 1090709.
Silverman ES, Collins T (Mar 1999). "Pathways of Egr-1-mediated gene transcription in vascular biology". The American Journal of Pathology. 154 (3): 665–70. doi:10.1016/S0002-9440(10)65312-6. PMC 1866415. PMID 10079243.
Adamson ED, Mercola D (2002). "Egr1 transcription factor: multiple roles in prostate tumor cell growth and survival". Tumour Biology. 23 (2): 93–102. doi:10.1159/000059711. PMID 12065847.
Blaschke F, Bruemmer D, Law RE (Aug 2004). "Egr-1 is a major vascular pathogenic transcription factor in atherosclerosis and restenosis". Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders. 5 (3): 249–54. doi:10.1023/B:REMD.0000032413.88756.ee. PMID 15211096.
Abdulkadir SA (Nov 2005). "Mechanisms of prostate tumorigenesis: roles for transcription factors Nkx3.1 and Egr1". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1059: 33–40. doi:10.1196/annals.1339.018. PMID 16382041.
Profile of stress and toxicity gene expression in human hepatic cells treated with Efavirenz.
Gomez-Sucerquia LJ, Blas-Garcia A, Marti-Cabrera M, Esplugues JV, Apostolova N.SourceDepartamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Fundación para la Investigación Hospital Universitario Dr. Peset, Valencia, Spain.
Hepatic toxicity and metabolic disorders are major adverse effects elicited during the pharmacological treatment of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Efavirenz (EFV), the most widely used non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), has been associated with these events, w
Absence of seasonal changes in FSHR gene expression in the cat cumulus-oocyte complex in vivo and in vitro.
Hobbs RJ, Howard J, Wildt DE, Comizzoli P.SourceR Hobbs, Center for Species Survival, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, United States.
Reproduction (Cambridge, England).Reproduction.2012 May 28. [Epub ahead of print]
Domestic cat oocytes are seasonally sensitive to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Compared to those collected during the breeding season, oocytes from the non-breeding season require more FSH during in vitro maturation to achieve comparable developmental competence. The present study tested the
… In this study, the morphological changes in nerve growth factor (NFG)-induced differentiation caused by bisphenol-A were confirmed using a PC12 cell system. …
Transcription Factor-recognition Sequences Potentially Involved in Modulation of Gene Expression after Exposure to Low-dose-rate γ-rays in the Mouse Liver
Journal of radiation research 52(2), 249-256, 2011-03-16
… In this study, we used pre-existing microarray data and searched for gene modulations in response to long-term, low-dose-rate irradiation. … The binding sites for sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1), aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR/Ar) and olfactory 1 (Olf-1) were suggested to be involved in up-regulation, while the binding sites for glucocorticoid receptor (GR(GGTACAANNT GTYCTK) ) and hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 (HNF-1) were suggested to be involved in down-regulation of the genes. …
EGR-1 (Early growth response protein 1) also known as Zif268 (zinc finger protein 225) or NGFI-A (nerve growth factor-induced protein A) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EGR1 gene. EGR-1 is a mammalian transcription factor.