WordNet

having or marked by confidence or assurance; "a confident speaker"; "a confident reply"; "his manner is more confident these days"; "confident of fulfillment"
not liable to error in judgment or action; "most surefooted of the statesmen who dealt with the depression"- Walter Lippman; "demonstrates a surefooted storytelling talent"- Michiko Kakutani (同)surefooted, sure-footed
established beyond doubt or question; definitely known; "what is certain is that every effect must have a cause"; "it is certain that they were on the bus"; "his fate is certain"; "the date for the invasion is certain"
certain to occur; destined or inevitable; "he was certain to fail"; "his fate is certain"; "In this life nothing is certain but death and taxes"- Benjamin Franklin; "he faced certain death"; "sudden but sure regret"; "he is sure to win" (同)sure
exercising or taking care great enough to bring assurance; "be certain to disconnect the iron when you are through"; "be sure to lock the doors" (同)sure
having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty; confident and assured; "felt certain of success"; "was sure (or certain) she had seen it"; "was very sure in his beliefs"; "sure of her friends" (同)sure
reliable in operation or effect; "a quick and certain remedy"; "a sure way to distinguish the two"; "wood dust is a sure sign of termites" (同)sure
definite but not specified or identified; "set aside a certain sum each week"; "to a certain degree"; "certain breeds do not make good pets"; "certain members have not paid their dues"; "a certain popular teacher"; "a certain Mrs. Jones"
a trustful relationship; "he took me into his confidence"; "he betrayed their trust" (同)trust
a state of confident hopefulness that events will be favorable; "public confidence in the economy"
a feeling of trust (in someone or something); "I have confidence in our team"; "confidence is always borrowed, never owned"
a secret that is confided or entrusted to another; "everyone trusted him with their confidences"; "the priest could not reveal her confidences"
something that is certain; "his victory is a certainty" (同)sure_thing, foregone_conclusion
the state of being certain; "his certainty reassured the others"
the state of being secret; "you must respect the confidentiality of your clients communications"
discretion in keeping secret information
with confidence; in a confident manner; "we have to do what is right confidently"
the responsibility of a confidential adviser to act in the best interest of the advisee
in a confidential manner; "spoke to him intimately and confidentially"
reveal in private; tell confidentially

PrepTutorEJDIC

(熊度などが)『自信のある』,確信ある
《補語にのみ用いて》(主語となる人が)『碓信している』,信じて疑わない / (事が)『碓かな』,疑いのない(sure) / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》ある一定の / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》(ある程度わかっているがそれ以上ははっきりしない)『ある』…,例の… / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》いくぶんかの,多少の,ある程度の / (…のうちの)ある人々(もの),いくつか《+『of』++『名』》
〈U〉《修飾語を伴って》『信頼』,信用,信任;(…を)信頼(信用)すること《+『in』+『名』》 / 〈U〉(自分の思想・能力・行動などに対する)『確信』,自信 / 〈C〉打ち明け話,秘密(secret) / =confidence game(trick)
〈U〉確実性,必然性;確信 / 〈C〉確実なもの(こと),確かな見込み
〈人〉'を'『納得させる』
秘密[性],内密
自信をもって;大胆に
自信のある
〈秘密など〉'を'『打ち明ける』 / (人などに)〈大切な事・物〉'を'『任せる』,委託する《+『名』+『to』+『名』〈人〉》 / (人の誠実さ・能力などを)『信頼する』,信用する《+『in』+『名』》 / (信頼して)(人に)秘密を打ち明ける《+『in』+『名』》

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/10/08 19:25:53」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Confidence is generally described as a state of being certain either that a hypothesis or prediction is correct or that a chosen course of action is the best or most effective. Self-confidence is having confidence in oneself. Arrogance or hubris in this comparison is having unmerited confidence—believing something or someone is capable or correct when they are not. Overconfidence or presumptuousness is excessive belief in someone (or something) succeeding, without any regard for failure. Confidence can be a self-fulfilling prophecy as those without it may fail or not try because they lack it and those with it may succeed because they have it rather than because of an innate ability.

Self-confidence

Self-confidence does not necessarily imply "self-belief" or a belief in one's ability to succeed. For instance, one may be inept at a particular sport or activity, but remain "confident" in one's demeanor, simply because one does not place a great deal of emphasis on the outcome of the activity. When one does not dwell on negative consequences one can be more "self-confident" because one is worrying far less about failure or the disapproval of others following potential failure. One is then more likely to focus on the actual situation which means that enjoyment and success in that situation is also more probable. Belief in one's abilities to perform an activity comes through successful experience and may add to, or consolidate, a general sense of self-confidence.^{[original research?]} Studies have also found a link between high levels of confidence and wages. Seemingly, those who self-report they were confident earlier in schooling earned better wages and were promoted more quickly over the life course.^[1]

In others

People may have confidence in other people or forces beyond their control. For instance, one might have confidence in the police to protect them, or might have confidence that a sports team will win a game. Faith and trust are synonyms of confidence when used in this sense.

Possible explanation

It is suggested that the confidence bias can be explained by a noisy conversion of objective evidence (observation) into subjective estimates (judgment), whereas noise is defined as the mixing of memories during the storing (observing/learning) and retrieval process (remembering/judgment).^[2] The information-theoretic logic behind this explanation is very similar to the mechanism that can also lead to the conservatism bias, and holds that we mix true and false evidence during storage and retrieval of evidence to and from our memories. The confidence bias results because as judges we "look inside our own memory" (evaluate our confidence) and find evidence that is more extreme than when we retrieve evidence for our judgements (which are conservative due to mixing of extreme values during retrieval). This explanation is very simple and straightforward, but nevertheless sufficient mechanism to generate both, overconfidence (in situations where judges are very sure) and underconfidence (in cases when judges openly state to lack the required knowledge).

References

^ "Lifelong confidence rewarded in bigger pay packets". The Australian Financial Review. 28 November 2012.
^ Martin Hilbert (2012) "Toward a synthesis of cognitive biases: How noisy information processing can bias human decision making". Psychological Bulletin, 138(2), 211–237; free access to the study here: martinhilbert.net/HilbertPsychBull.pdf

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「certain」「confidence」「確信」「convince」「certainty」
拡張検索	「confidential」「confidentiality」「confidently」