WordNet

the spatial property of being crowded together (同)density, denseness, tightness, compactness
bringing together military forces
strengthening the concentration (as of a solute in a mixture) by removing diluting material
the strength of a solution; number of molecules of a substance in a given volume
complete attention; intense mental effort (同)engrossment, absorption, immersion
increase in density
an agent (as heat or radiation or a chemical) that destroys microorganisms that might carry disease (同)germicide, antimicrobic, antimicrobial
a mathematical notation indicating the number of times a quantity is multiplied by itself (同)power, index
someone who expounds and interprets or explains

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉(…への)(光線・注意などの)集中;(仕事などへの)専念,専心《+『on』+『名』》 / 〈C〉(人口などの)集中 / 〈U〉濃縮;〈液体の〉濃度
《所有・所属》…『の』,…のものである,…に属する・《材料・要素》…『でできた』,から成る・《部分》…『の』[『中の』] ・《数量・単位・種類を表す名詞に付いて》…の・《原因・動機》…『で』,のために(because of) ・《主格関係》…『の』,による,によって・《目的格関係》…『を』,の・《同格関係》…『という』・《関係・関連》…『についての』[『の』],の点で・《抽象名詞などと共に》…の[性質をもつ] ・《『It is』+『形』+『of』+『名』+『to』 doの形で,ofの後の名詞を意味上の主語として》・《分離》…『から』・《起原・出所》…『から』[『の』](out of) ・《『名』+『of』+『a』(『an』)+『名』の形で》…のような・《『名』+『of』+『mine』(『yours, his』など独立所有格)の形で》…の…・《時》(1)《副詞句を作って》…に《形容詞句を作って》…の・《時刻》《米》…前(to,《米》before)
消毒液,滅菌剤 / 消毒用の,滅菌(殺菌)する
(…の)解説者《+『of』+『名』》 / (…の)代表者,象徴《+『of』+『名』》 / (数学で)指数,累乗の指数
OLD French古[代]フランス語

UpToDate Contents

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1. 副腎疾患におけるレニン-アンギオテンシン-アルドステロン系の評価 assays of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system in adrenal disease
2. 性腺機能低下を呈する男性の臨床的特徴および診断 clinical features and diagnosis of male hypogonadism
3. 総血清カルシウムとイオン化血清カルシウム濃度の相関 relation between total and ionized serum calcium concentrations
4. 血清クレアチニン濃度と慢性腎疾患の関係 reciprocal serum creatinine concentration and chronic kidney disease
5. 成人におけるバンコマイシン投与および血清濃度のモニタリング vancomycin dosing and serum concentration monitoring in adults

English Journal

Novel pH- and temperature-responsive blend hydrogel microspheres of sodium alginate and PNIPAAm-g-GG for controlled release of isoniazid.

Kajjari PB1, Manjeshwar LS, Aminabhavi TM.Author information 1Department of Chemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad, 580 003, India.AbstractThis paper reports the preparation and characterization of novel pH- and thermo-responsive blend hydrogel microspheres of sodium alginate (NaAlg) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)(PNIPAAm)-grafted-guar gum (GG) i.e., PNIPAAm-g-GG by emulsion cross-linking method using glutaraldehyde (GA) as a cross-linker. Isoniazid (INZ) was chosen as the model antituberculosis drug to achieve encapsulation up to 62%. INZ has a plasma half-life of 1.5 h, whose release was extended up to 12 h. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to confirm the grafting reaction and chemical stability of INZ during the encapsulation. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to investigate the drug's physical state, while powder X-ray diffraction confirmed the molecular level dispersion of INZ in the matrix. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed varying surface morphologies of the drug-loaded microspheres. Temperature- and pH-responsive nature of the blend hydrogel microspheres were investigated by equilibrium swelling, and in vitro release experiments were performed in pH 1.2 and pH 7.4 buffer media at 37°C as well as at 25°C. Kinetics of INZ release was analyzed by Ritger-Peppas empirical equation to compute the diffusional exponent parameter (n), whose value ranged between 0.27 and 0.58, indicating the release of INZ follows a diffusion swelling controlled release mechanism.
AAPS PharmSciTech.AAPS PharmSciTech.2012 Dec;13(4):1147-57. doi: 10.1208/s12249-012-9838-8. Epub 2012 Sep 6.
This paper reports the preparation and characterization of novel pH- and thermo-responsive blend hydrogel microspheres of sodium alginate (NaAlg) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)(PNIPAAm)-grafted-guar gum (GG) i.e., PNIPAAm-g-GG by emulsion cross-linking method using glutaraldehyde (GA) as a cross-li
PMID 22956057

[Effect of humidity on emission of formaldehyde from blockboard].

Wang X1, Liu X.Author information 1College of Medical, Nothwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou 730000, China. yxwxh@xbmu.edu.cnAbstractOBJECTIVE: To study the effect of humidity on emission of formaldehyde from blockboard.
Wei sheng yan jiu = Journal of hygiene research.Wei Sheng Yan Jiu.2008 Nov;37(6):752-3.
OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of humidity on emission of formaldehyde from blockboard.METHODS: A 0.25 m3 of simulation chamber was used to explore the emission of formaldehyde from blockboard under different conditions of humidity. The temperatures of simulation chamber were kept at the degrees of
PMID 19239018

An improved model for the binding of lidocaine and structurally related local anaesthetics to fast-inactivated voltage-operated sodium channels, showing evidence of cooperativity.

Leuwer M1, Haeseler G, Hecker H, Bufler J, Dengler R, Aronson JK.Author information 1University Department of Anaesthesia, The University of Liverpool, UK. mleuwer@liv.ac.ukAbstract1. The interaction of lidocaine-like local anaesthetics with voltage-operated sodium channels is traditionally assumed to be characterized by tighter binding of the drugs to depolarized channels. As inactivated and drug-bound channels are both unavailable on depolarization, an indirect approach is required to yield estimates for the dissociation constants from channels in inactivated states. The established model, originally described by Bean et al., describes the difference in affinity between resting and inactivated states in terms of the concentration dependence of the voltage shift in the availability curve. We have tested the hypothesis that this model, which assumes a simple Langmuir relationship, could be improved by introducing a Hill-type exponent, which would take into account potential sources of cooperativity. 2. Steady-state block by lidocaine was studied in heterologously (HEK 293) expressed human skeletal muscle sodium channels and compared with experimental data previously obtained for 2,6-dimethylphenol, 3,5-dimethyl-4-chlorophenol, and 4-chlorophenol. Cells were clamped to membrane potentials from -150 to -5 mV, and a subsequent test pulse was used to assess the number of channels available to open. 3. All compounds shifted the voltage dependence of channel availability in the direction of negative prepulse potentials. Prediction of the concentration dependence of the voltage shift in the availability curve was improved by the modified model, as shown by a marked reduction in the residual sum of squares. 4. For all compounds, the Hill-type exponent was significantly greater than one. These results could be interpreted in the light of the contemporary hypothesis that lidocaine functions as an allosteric gating effector to enhance sodium channel inactivation by strengthening the latch mechanism of inactivation, which is considered to be a particle-binding process allosterically coupled to activation. Alternatively, they could be interpreted by postulating additional binding sites for lidocaine on fast-inactivated sodium channels.
British journal of pharmacology.Br J Pharmacol.2004 Jan;141(1):47-54. Epub 2003 Dec 8.
1. The interaction of lidocaine-like local anaesthetics with voltage-operated sodium channels is traditionally assumed to be characterized by tighter binding of the drugs to depolarized channels. As inactivated and drug-bound channels are both unavailable on depolarization, an indirect approach is r
PMID 14662728