cholinergic differentiation factor

コリン作動性神経分化因子

WordNet

1. be a contributing factor; "make things factor into a companys profitability"
2. any of the numbers (or symbols) that form a product when multiplied together
3. an independent variable in statistics
4. anything that contributes causally to a result; "a number of factors determined the outcome"
5. consider as relevant when making a decision; "You must factor in the recent developments" (同)factor in, factor out
6. resolve into factors; "a quantum computer can factor the number 15" (同)factor in, factor out
7. an event known to have happened or something known to have existed; "your fears have no basis in fact"; "how much of the story is fact and how much fiction is hard to tell"
8. a concept whose truth can be proved; "scientific hypotheses are not facts"
9. a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred; "first you must collect all the facts of the case"
10. a statement or assertion of verified information about something that is the case or has happened; "he supported his argument with an impressive array of facts"
11. the mathematical process of obtaining the derivative of a function
12. a discrimination between things as different and distinct; "it is necessary to make a distinction between love and infatuation" (同)distinction
13. releasing or activated by acetylcholine or a related compound

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. (…の)『要因』,(…を生み出す)要素《+『in』+『名』(do『ing』)》 / 囲数,約数 / 代理人,《おもに英》仲買人 / =factorize
2. 〈C〉『事実』,実際にある(あった)事 / 〈U〉真相,真実(truth) / 《the~》(法律用語で)犯行

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/07/26 19:34:20」(JST)

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Leukemia inhibitory factor
PDB rendering based on 1LKI.
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB List of PDB id codes 1EMR, 1PVH, 2Q7N
Identifiers
Symbols	LIF ; CDF; DIA; HILDA; MLPLI
External IDs	OMIM: 159540 MGI: 96787 HomoloGene: 1734 GeneCards: LIF Gene
Gene ontology Molecular function • RNA polymerase II transcription factor recruiting transcription factor activity • receptor binding • cytokine activity • leukemia inhibitory factor receptor binding • growth factor activity Cellular component • extracellular space • cytoplasm Biological process • blood vessel remodeling • immune response • multicellular organismal development • embryo implantation • positive regulation of cell proliferation • negative regulation of cell proliferation • positive regulation of neuron projection development • negative regulation of angiogenesis • stem cell maintenance • organ regeneration • positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation • positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation of STAT protein • tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat3 protein • positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat1 protein • positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat3 protein • positive regulation of MAPK cascade • positive regulation of macrophage differentiation • negative regulation of meiotic nuclear division • positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • decidualization • negative regulation of hormone secretion • lung alveolus development • muscle organ morphogenesis • neuron development • astrocyte differentiation • positive regulation of astrocyte differentiation • leukemia inhibitory factor signaling pathway • positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation • positive regulation of corticotropin secretion • retina development in camera-type eye • transdifferentiation • lung vasculature development • lung lobe morphogenesis • trophoblast giant cell differentiation • spongiotrophoblast differentiation • negative regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade • positive regulation of mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in metanephros morphogenesis • regulation of metanephric nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation • positive regulation of protein localization to nucleus • positive regulation of histone H3-K27 acetylation • regulation of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	3976	16878
Ensembl	ENSG00000128342	ENSMUSG00000034394
UniProt	P15018	P09056
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001257135	NM_001039537
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001244064	NP_001034626
Location (UCSC)	Chr 22: 30.24 – 30.25 Mb	Chr 11: 4.26 – 4.27 Mb
PubMed search	[1]	[2]

Leukemia inhibitory factor, or LIF, is an interleukin 6 class cytokine that affects cell growth by inhibiting differentiation. When LIF levels drop, the cells differentiate.

Function

LIF derives its name from its ability to induce the terminal differentiation of myeloid leukemic cells, thus preventing their continued growth. Other properties attributed to the cytokine include: the growth promotion and cell differentiation of different types of target cells, influence on bone metabolism, cachexia, neural development, embryogenesis and inflammation. p53 regulated LIF has been shown to facilitate implantation in the mouse model and possibly in humans. It has been suggested that recombinant human LIF might help to improve the implantation rate in women with unexplained infertility.

Binding/activation

LIF binds to the specific LIF receptor (LIFR-α) which forms a heterodimer with a specific subunit common to all members of that family of receptors, the GP130 signal transducing subunit. This leads to activation of the JAK/STAT (Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription) and MAPK (mitogen activated protein kinase) cascades.

Expression

LIF is normally expressed in the trophectoderm of the developing embryo, with its receptor LIFR expressed throughout the inner cell mass. As embryonic stem cells are derived from the inner cell mass at the blastocyst stage, removing them from the inner cell mass also removes their source of LIF. Recombinant LIF has been produced in plants by InVitria.

Use in stem cell culture

Removal of LIF pushes stem cells toward differentiation, but they retain their proliferative potential or pluripotency. Therefore LIF is used in mouse embryonic stem cell culture. It is necessary to maintain the stem cells in an undifferentiated state, however genetic manipulation of embryonic stem cells allows for LIF independent growth, notably overexpression of the gene Nanog.

LIF is typically added to stem cell culture medium to reduce spontaneous differentiation.

References

• Author A. "Application of recombinant human leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF)for maintenance of mouse embryonic stem cells". Journal of Biotechnology 172: 67–72. doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2013.12.012. 

Further reading

• Patterson PH (1994). "Leukemia inhibitory factor, a cytokine at the interface between neurobiology and immunology". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91 (17): 7833–5. doi:10.1073/pnas.91.17.7833. PMC 44497. PMID 8058719. 
• Aghajanova L (2005). "Leukemia inhibitory factor and human embryo implantation". Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1034 (1): 176–83. doi:10.1196/annals.1335.020. PMID 15731310. 
• Králícková M, Síma P, Rokyta Z (2005). "Role of the leukemia-inhibitory factor gene mutations in infertile women: the embryo-endometrial cytokine cross talk during implantation--a delicate homeostatic equilibrium". Folia Microbiol. (Praha) 50 (3): 179–86. doi:10.1007/BF02931563. PMID 16295654. 
• Stahl J, Gearing DP, Willson TA et al. (1990). "Structural organization of the genes for murine and human leukemia inhibitory factor. Evolutionary conservation of coding and non-coding regions". J. Biol. Chem. 265 (15): 8833–41. PMID 1692837.  CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link)
• Bazan JF (1991). "Neuropoietic cytokines in the hematopoietic fold". Neuron 7 (2): 197–208. doi:10.1016/0896-6273(91)90258-2. PMID 1714745. 
• Lowe DG, Nunes W, Bombara M et al. (1989). "Genomic cloning and heterologous expression of human differentiation-stimulating factor". DNA 8 (5): 351–9. doi:10.1089/dna.1.1989.8.351. PMID 2475312.  CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link)
• Sutherland GR, Baker E, Hyland VJ et al. (1989). "The gene for human leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) maps to 22q12". Leukemia 3 (1): 9–13. PMID 2491897.  CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link)
• Mori M, Yamaguchi K, Abe K (1989). "Purification of a lipoprotein lipase-inhibiting protein produced by a melanoma cell line associated with cancer cachexia". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 160 (3): 1085–92. doi:10.1016/S0006-291X(89)80114-7. PMID 2730639. 
• Gough NM, Gearing DP, King JA et al. (1988). "Molecular cloning and expression of the human homologue of the murine gene encoding myeloid leukemia-inhibitory factor". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85 (8): 2623–7. doi:10.1073/pnas.85.8.2623. PMC 280050. PMID 3128791.  CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link)
• Williams RL, Hilton DJ, Pease S et al. (1989). "Myeloid leukaemia inhibitory factor maintains the developmental potential of embryonic stem cells". Nature 336 (6200): 684–7. doi:10.1038/336684a0. PMID 3143916.  CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link)
• Moreau JF, Donaldson DD, Bennett F et al. (1989). "Leukaemia inhibitory factor is identical to the myeloid growth factor human interleukin for DA cells". Nature 336 (6200): 690–2. doi:10.1038/336690a0. PMID 3143918.  CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link)
• Yamaguchi M, Miki N, Ono M et al. (1995). "Inhibition of growth hormone-releasing factor production in mouse placenta by cytokines using gp130 as a signal transducer". Endocrinology 136 (3): 1072–8. doi:10.1210/en.136.3.1072. PMID 7867561.  CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link)
• Schmelzer CH, Harris RJ, Butler D et al. (1993). "Glycosylation pattern and disulfide assignments of recombinant human differentiation-stimulating factor". Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 302 (2): 484–9. doi:10.1006/abbi.1993.1243. PMID 8489250.  CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link)
• Aikawa J, Ikeda-Naiki S, Ohgane J et al. (1997). "Molecular cloning of rat leukemia inhibitory factor receptor alpha-chain gene and its expression during pregnancy". Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1353 (3): 266–76. doi:10.1016/s0167-4781(97)00079-1. PMID 9349722.  CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link)
• Hinds MG, Maurer T, Zhang JG et al. (1998). "Solution structure of leukemia inhibitory factor". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (22): 13738–45. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.22.13738. PMID 9593715.  CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link)
• "Toward a complete human genome sequence". Genome Res. 8 (11): 1097–108. 1999. doi:10.1101/gr.8.11.1097. PMID 9847074. 
• Tanaka M, Hara T, Copeland NG et al. (1999). "Reconstitution of the functional mouse oncostatin M (OSM) receptor: molecular cloning of the mouse OSM receptor beta subunit". Blood 93 (3): 804–15. PMID 9920829.  CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link)
• Nakashima K, Yanagisawa M, Arakawa H et al. (1999). "Synergistic signaling in fetal brain by STAT3-Smad1 complex bridged by p300". Science 284 (5413): 479–82. doi:10.1126/science.284.5413.479. PMID 10205054.  CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link)
• Dunham I, Shimizu N, Roe BA et al. (1999). "The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22". Nature 402 (6761): 489–95. doi:10.1038/990031. PMID 10591208.  CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link)

External links

• Leukemia Inhibitory Factor at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
• Source of Recombiant Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (http://www.invitria.com/cell-culture-products-services/leukemia-inhibitory-factor-culture-media.html )

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English Journal

• Common pitfalls of stem cell differentiation: a guide to improving protocols for neurodegenerative disease models and research.

• Engel M1, Do-Ha D1, Muñoz SS1, Ooi L2.
• Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS.Cell Mol Life Sci.2016 Oct;73(19):3693-709. doi: 10.1007/s00018-016-2265-3. Epub 2016 May 6.
• Induced pluripotent stem cells and embryonic stem cells have revolutionized cellular neuroscience, providing the opportunity to model neurological diseases and test potential therapeutics in a pre-clinical setting. The power of these models has been widely discussed, but the potential pitfalls of st
• PMID 27154043

• Morpho-histology of head kidney of female catfish Heteropneustes fossilis: seasonal variations in melano-macrophage centers, melanin contents and effects of lipopolysaccharide and dexamethasone on melanins.

• Kumar R1, Joy KP2,3, Singh SM4.
• Fish physiology and biochemistry.Fish Physiol Biochem.2016 Oct;42(5):1287-306. doi: 10.1007/s10695-016-0218-2. Epub 2016 Mar 16.
• In the catfish Heteropneustes fossilis, the anterior kidney is a hemopoietic tissue which surrounds the adrenal homologues, interrenal (IR) and chromaffin tissues corresponding to the adrenal cortical and adrenal medulla of higher mammals. The IR tissue is arranged in cell cords around the posterior
• PMID 26984710

• High-fat diet-induced downregulation of anorexic leukemia inhibitory factor in the brain stem.

• Licursi M1, Alberto CO1, Dias A1, Hirasawa K1, Hirasawa M2.
• Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.).Obesity (Silver Spring).2016 Sep 24. doi: 10.1002/oby.21647. [Epub ahead of print]
• OBJECTIVE: High-fat diet (HFD) is known to induce low-grade hypothalamic inflammation. Whether inflammation occurs in other brain areas remains unknown. This study tested the effect of short-term HFD on cytokine gene expression and identified leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) as a responsive cytokine
• PMID 27663886

Japanese Journal

• Ginsenoside Re and Rd Enhance the Expression of Cholinergic Markers and Neuronal Differentiation in Neuro-2a Cells

• Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 37(5), 826-833, 2014
• NAID 130003390988

• Rosmarinus officinalis polyphenols activate cholinergic activities in PC12 cells through phosphorylation of ERK1/2

• Journal of ethnopharmacology 131(2), 451-458, 2010-09
• NAID 120002598875

• Pathophysiological Function of Adrenomedullin and Proadrenomedullin N-Terminal Peptides in Adrenal Chromaffin Cells

• Hypertension Research 26(Suppl), S71-S78, 2003
• NAID 130004437122

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「コリン作動性神経分化因子」
関連記事	「fact」「factor」「differentiation」「cholinergic」

「コリン作動性神経分化因子」

　　[★]

英

cholinergic differentiation factor CDF

関

白血病抑制因子

「fact」

　　[★]

• n.

• 事実、現状、実際、実態

関

actual、actually、in fact、in practice、indeed、practically

　 　 　 　 　

「factor」

　　[★]

• n.

• 因子、要因、要素、ファクター

関

element、elementary、factorial、parameter

　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「differentiation」

　　[★]

• n.

• 分化

関

differentiate、differentiative、specialization

　 　

「cholinergic」

　　[★]

• adj.

• コリン作動性の