c-Jun N末端キナーゼ

関: c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase、JNK、JNK mitogen-activated protein kinase

WordNet

relating to or occurring in a term or fixed period of time; "terminal examinations"; "terminal payments"
a contact on an electrical device (such as a battery) at which electric current enters or leaves (同)pole
station where transport vehicles load or unload passengers or goods (同)terminus, depot
electronic equipment consisting of a device providing access to a computer; has a keyboard and display
being or situated at an end; "the endmost pillar"; "terminal buds on a branch"; "a terminal station"; "the terminal syllable"
causing or ending in or approaching death; "a terminal patient"; "terminal cancer"
of or relating to or situated at the ends of a delivery route; "freight pickup is a terminal service"; "terminal charges"
the 3rd letter of the Roman alphabet (同)c
(music) the keynote of the scale of C major
a general-purpose programing language closely associated with the UNIX operating system
the 10th letter of the Roman alphabet (同)j
the 14th letter of the Roman alphabet (同)n
an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of a proenzyme to an active enzyme

PrepTutorEJDIC

『終りの』,末端の / 毎期の,定期の;学期末の / 『死に至る』, / 末端 / (電池の)端子 / (町の中心に近い)空港バス発着場;(一般に,鉄道・バスの)終点,終着駅
carbonの化学記号
(連続するものの)10番目,第10番のもの
nitrogenの化学記号

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/12/26 16:16:38」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs), were originally identified as kinases that bind and phosphorylate c-Jun on Ser-63 and Ser-73 within its transcriptional activation domain. They belong to the mitogen-activated protein kinase family, and are responsive to stress stimuli, such as cytokines, ultraviolet irradiation, heat shock, and osmotic shock. They also play a role in T cell differentiation and the cellular apoptosis pathway. Activation occurs through a dual phosphorylation of threonine (Thr) and tyrosine (Tyr) residues within a Thr-Pro-Tyr motif located in kinase subdomain VIII. Activation is carried out by two MAP kinases, MKK4 and MKK7 and JNK can be inactivated by Ser/Thr and Tyr protein phosphatases.^[1] It has been suggested that this signaling pathway contributes to inflammatory responses in mammals and insects.^{[citation needed]}

Isoforms

The c-Jun N-terminal kinases consist of ten isoforms derived from three genes: JNK1 (four isoforms), JNK2 (four isoforms) and JNK3 (two isoforms).^[2] Each gene is expressed as either 46 kDa or 55 kDa protein kinases, depending upon how the 3' coding region of the corresponding mRNA is processed. There have been no functional differences documented between the 46 kDa and the 55 kDa isoform, however, a second form of alternative splicing occurs within transcripts of JNK1 and JNK2, yielding JNK1-α, JNK2-α and JNK1-β and JNK2-β. Differences in interactions with protein substrates arise because of the mutually exclusive utilization of two exons within the kinase domain.^[1]

c-Jun N-terminal kinase isoforms have the following tissue distribution:

JNK1 and JNK2 are found in all cells and tissues.^[3]
JNK3 is found mainly in the brain, but is also found in the heart and the testes.^[3]

Function

Inflammatory signals, changes in levels of reactive oxygen species, ultraviolet radiation, protein synthesis inhibitors, and a variety of stress stimuli can activate JNK. One way this activation may occur is through disruption of the conformation of sensitive protein phosphatase enzymes; specific phosphatases normally inhibit the activity of JNK itself and the activity of proteins linked to JNK activation.^[4]

JNKs can associate with scaffold proteins JNK interacting proteins as well as their upstream kinases JNKK1 and JNKK2 following their activation.

JNK, by phosphorylation, modifies the activity of numerous proteins that reside at the mitochondria or act in the nucleus. Downstream molecules that are activated by JNK include c-Jun, ATF2, ELK1, SMAD4, p53 and HSF1. The downstream molecules that are inhibited by JNK activation include NFAT4, NFATC1 and STAT3. By activating and inhibiting other small molecules in this way, JNK activity regulates several important cellular functions including cell growth, differentiation, survival and apoptosis.

JNK1 is involved in apoptosis, neurodegeneration, cell differentiation and proliferation, inflammatory conditions and cytokine production mediated by AP-1 (activation protein 1) such as RANTES, IL-8 and GM-CSF.^[5]

Recently, JNK1 has been found to regulate Jun protein turnover by phosphorylation and activation of the ubiquitin ligase Itch.

References

^ ^a ^b Ip YT, Davis RJ (April 1998). "Signal transduction by the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)--from inflammation to development". Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 10 (2): 205–19. doi:10.1016/S0955-0674(98)80143-9. PMID 9561845.
^ Waetzig V, Herdegen T (2005). "Context-specific inhibition of JNKs: overcoming the dilemma of protection and damage". Br. J. Pharmacol. 26 (9): 455–61. doi:10.1016/j.tips.2005.07.006. PMID 16054242.
^ ^a ^b Bode AM, Dong Z (August 2007). "The Functional Contrariety of JNK". Mol. Carcinog. 46 (8): 591–8. doi:10.1002/mc.20348. PMC 2832829. PMID 17538955. The protein products of jnk1 and jnk2 are believed to be expressed in every cell and tissue type, whereas the JNK3 protein is found primarily in brain and to a lesser extent in heart and testis
^ Vlahopoulos S, Zoumpourlis VC (August 2004). "JNK: a key modulator of intracellular signaling". Biochemistry Mosc. 69 (8): 844–54. doi:10.1023/B:BIRY.0000040215.02460.45. PMID 15377263.
^ Oltmanns U, Issa R, Sukkar MB, John M, Chung KF (July 2003). "Role of c-jun N-terminal kinase in the induced release of GM-CSF, RANTES and IL-8 from human airway smooth muscle cells". Br. J. Pharmacol. 139 (6): 1228–34. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0705345. PMC 1573939. PMID 12871843.

External links

JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
Getting a Handle on Cellular JNK (from Beaker Blog)
MAP Kinase Resource

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Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「JNK」「JNK mitogen-activated protein kinase」
関連記事	「terminal」「C」「n」「kinase」「J」

「JNK」

mitogen-activated protein kinase 10
Identifiers
Symbol	MAPK10
Alt. symbols	JNK3, PRKM10
Entrez	5602
HUGO	6872
OMIM	602897
RefSeq	NM_002753
UniProt	P53779

mitogen-activated protein kinase 9
Identifiers
Symbol	MAPK9
Alt. symbols	JNK2, PRKM9
Entrez	5601
HUGO	6886
OMIM	602896
RefSeq	NM_002752
UniProt	P45984
Other data
Locus	Chr. 5 q35

mitogen-activated protein kinase 8
Identifiers
Symbol	MAPK8
Alt. symbols	JNK1, PRKM8
Entrez	5599
HUGO	6881
OMIM	601158
RefSeq	NM_002750
UniProt	P45983
Other data
Locus	Chr. 10 q11.2

　　[★]

同: c-Jun N-terminal kinase, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase, JNK mitogen-activated protein kinase; SAPK
関: MAPキナーゼスーパーファミリーカスケード

MAPKファミリーの一つ。JNK1/2/3がある。
JNK1：全身組織に発現
JNK2：全身組織に発現
JNK3：脳に限局

「JNK mitogen-activated protein kinase」

　　[★]

MAPキナーゼJNK、c-Jun N末端キナーゼ

関: c-Jun N-terminal kinase、c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase、JNK

「terminal」

　　[★]

n.

末端、末端側、ターミナル

adj.

終端の、終末の、末期の

関: distal、end、end stage、ending、extremity、full-blown、terminal region、terminal stage、terminally、termini、terminus

「C」

　　[★]

炭素 carbon
シトシン cytosine
システイン cysteine
シチジン
セルシウス度摂氏 degrees Celsius degree C
産婦人科領域で「子宮外頚子宮外頚部 exocervix」を表現するための略語

「n」

　　[★]

n.

例数

関: number of experiment、sample size

pの前の[n]はmと記載する。synptom→symptom

「kinase」

　　[★] キナーゼカイネースリン酸化酵素 phosphoenzyme phosphotransferase 　

「J」

　　[★]

ジュール、(出版物の略称に用いられて)ジャーナル

関: joule

[Ip_1998-1] Ip YT, Davis RJ (April 1998). "Signal transduction by the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)--from inflammation to development". Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 10 (2): 205–19. doi:10.1016/S0955-0674(98)80143-9. PMID 9561845.

[2] Waetzig V, Herdegen T (2005). "Context-specific inhibition of JNKs: overcoming the dilemma of protection and damage". Br. J. Pharmacol. 26 (9): 455–61. doi:10.1016/j.tips.2005.07.006. PMID 16054242.

[Bode2007-3] Bode AM, Dong Z (August 2007). "The Functional Contrariety of JNK". Mol. Carcinog. 46 (8): 591–8. doi:10.1002/mc.20348. PMC 2832829. PMID 17538955. The protein products of jnk1 and jnk2 are believed to be expressed in every cell and tissue type, whereas the JNK3 protein is found primarily in brain and to a lesser extent in heart and testis

[pmid15377263-4] Vlahopoulos S, Zoumpourlis VC (August 2004). "JNK: a key modulator of intracellular signaling". Biochemistry Mosc. 69 (8): 844–54. doi:10.1023/B:BIRY.0000040215.02460.45. PMID 15377263.

[pmid12871843-5] Oltmanns U, Issa R, Sukkar MB, John M, Chung KF (July 2003). "Role of c-jun N-terminal kinase in the induced release of GM-CSF, RANTES and IL-8 from human airway smooth muscle cells". Br. J. Pharmacol. 139 (6): 1228–34. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0705345. PMC 1573939. PMID 12871843.

v t e Enzymes

Activity	Active site Binding site Catalytic triad Oxyanion hole Enzyme promiscuity Catalytically perfect enzyme Coenzyme Cofactor Enzyme catalysis Enzyme kinetics Lineweaver–Burk plot Michaelis–Menten kinetics

Regulation	Allosteric regulation Cooperativity Enzyme inhibitor

Classification	EC number Enzyme superfamily Enzyme family List of enzymes

Types	EC1 Oxidoreductases (list) EC2 Transferases (list) EC3 Hydrolases (list) EC4 Lyases (list) EC5 Isomerases (list) EC6 Ligases (list)

匿名

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案内

案内

c-Jun N-terminal kinase