WordNet

of trade unions; "the union movement"; "union negotiations"; "a union-shop clause in the contract"
healing process involving the growing together of the edges of a wound or the growing together of broken bones (同)conglutination
the state of being joined or united or linked; "there is strength in union" (同)unification
the act of making or becoming a single unit; "the union of opposing factions"; "he looked forward to the unification of his family for the holidays" (同)unification, uniting, conjugation, jointure
a device on a national flag emblematic of the union of two or more sovereignties (typically in the upper inner corner)
an organization of employees formed to bargain with the employer; "you have to join the union in order to get a job" (同)labor_union, trade union, trades union, brotherhood
a set containing all and only the members of two or more given sets; "let C be the union of the sets A and B" (同)sum, join
a political unit formed from previously independent people or organizations; "the Soviet Union"
the occurrence of a uniting of separate parts; "lightning produced an unusual union of the metals"
remove the bones from; "bone the turkey before roasting it" (同)debone
the porous calcified substance from which bones are made (同)osseous_tissue
consisting of or made up of bone; "a bony substance"; "the bony framework of the body"
a shade of white the color of bleached bones (同)ivory, pearl, off-white
rigid connective tissue that makes up the skeleton of vertebrates (同)os
the United States (especially the northern states during the American Civil War); "he has visited every state in the Union"; "Lee hoped to detach Maryland from the Union"; "the Norths superior resources turned the scale" (同)North
being of or having to do with the northern United States and those loyal to the Union during the American Civil War; "Union soldiers"; "Federal forces"; "a Federal infantryman" (同)Federal
having bones as specified; "his lanky long-boned body"
having had the bones removed; "a boneless rib roast"; "a boned (or deboned) fish" (同)deboned
a percussion instrument consisting of a pair of hollow pieces of wood or bone (usually held between the thumb and fingers) that are made to click together (as by Spanish dancers) in rhythm with the dance (同)castanets, clappers, finger cymbals

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉(…の,の間の)『結合』,合同,合併;調和,一致《+of(between)+名》 / 〈C〉『結合したもの』,結合体,統一組識 / 《the U-》アメリカ合衆国;(南北戦争時に)連邦政府側についた北部諸州 / 《the U-》英連合王国(1706年イングランドとスコットランドが合併) / 〈C〉『労働組合』同盟,ユニオン / 〈C〉〈U〉結婚[生活] / 〈C〉連合旗章(米国国旗の白星;英国国旗の3本十字の三国連合旗章など) / 〈C〉(機械の部品をくなぐ)接合管
〈C〉骨 / 〈U〉骨を作っている物質,骨質 / 《複数形で》骨格;死骸(がい) / 〈魚など〉‘の'骨を取る
(魚など)骨を取り除いた / (衣服が)(コルセットなどで)骨で張りをつけた[ような]

UpToDate Contents

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1. 骨折のマネージメントの一般原則：骨治癒および骨折について general principles of fracture management bone healing and fracture description
2. 骨パジェット病の臨床症状および診断 clinical manifestations and diagnosis of paget disease of bone
3. 骨転移を有する成人患者の疫学、臨床所見、診断、およびマネージメントの概要 overview of the epidemiology clinical presentation diagnosis and management of adult patients with bone metastasis
4. 小児癌患者の骨に関する問題 bone problems in childhood cancer patients
5. 慢性腎臓疾患に関連する無形成骨症 adynamic bone disease associated with chronic kidney disease

English Journal

Chronology of fusion of the primary and secondary ossification centers in the human sacrum and age estimation in child and adolescent skeletons.

Cardoso HF, Pereira V, Rios L.Author information Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby B.C., Canada.AbstractLittle is known about fusion times of the primary and secondary centers of ossification in the sacrum, particularly from dry bone observations. In this study, the timing of union of these centers was studied in a sample of modern Portuguese skeletons (90 females and 101 males) between the ages of 0 and 30 years, taken from the Lisbon documented skeletal collection. A three-stage scheme was used to assess fusion status between ossification centers as unfused, partially fused and completely fused. Posterior probability tables of age, given a certain stage of fusion, were calculated for most anatomical locations studied using both reference and uniform priors. Partial union of primary centers of ossification was observed from 1 to 8 years of age and partial union of secondary centers of ossification was observed from 15 to 21 years of age. The first primary centers of ossification to complete fusion are the neural arch with the centrum of the fifth sacral vertebrae and the last are the costal element with the centrum of the first sacral vertebra. The annular and sacroiliac epiphyses are the first, among the secondary centers of ossification observed, to complete fusion, after which the lateral margin fuses. This study offers information on timing of fusion of diverse locations in the developing sacrum useful for age estimation of complete or fragmented immature human skeletal remains and fills an important gap in the literature, by adding to previously published times of fusion of primary and secondary ossification centers in this sample. Am J Phys Anthropol 153:214-225, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
American journal of physical anthropology.Am J Phys Anthropol.2014 Feb;153(2):214-25. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.22422. Epub 2013 Nov 13.
Little is known about fusion times of the primary and secondary centers of ossification in the sacrum, particularly from dry bone observations. In this study, the timing of union of these centers was studied in a sample of modern Portuguese skeletons (90 females and 101 males) between the ages of 0
PMID 24227049

A compound heterozygous mutation in SLC34A3 causes hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets with hypercalciuria in a Chinese patient.

Chi Y1, Zhao Z1, He X1, Sun Y1, Jiang Y1, Li M1, Wang O1, Xing X1, Sun AY2, Zhou X1, Meng X1, Xia W3.Author information 1Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Wangfujing, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China.2Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.3Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Wangfujing, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China. Electronic address: xiaweibo@medmail.com.cn.AbstractHereditary hypophosphatemic rickets with hypercalciuria (HHRH) is a rare metabolic disorder inherited in an autosomal recessive fashion and characterized by hypophosphatemia, short stature, rickets and/or osteomalacia, and secondary absorptive hypercalciuria. HHRH was recently mapped to chromosome 9q34, which contains the gene SLC34A3 which encodes the renal proximal tubular sodium-phosphate cotransporter NaPi-IIc. Here we describe a 29-year-old man with a history of childhood rickets who presented with increased renal phosphate clearance leading to hypophosphatemia, hypercalciuria, low serum parathyroid hormone (PTH), elevated serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) and recurrent nephrolithiasis. We performed a mutation analysis of SLC34A3 (exons and adjacent introns) of the proband and his parents to determine if there was a genetic contribution. The proband proved to be compound heterozygous for two missense mutations in SLC34A3: one novel mutation in exon 7 c.571G>C (p.G191R) and one previously identified mutation in exon 13 c.1402C>T (p.R468W). His parents were both asymptomatic heterozygous carriers of one of these two mutations. We also performed an oral phosphate loading test and compared serum phosphate, intact PTH, and intact fibroblast growth factor 23 (iFGF23) in this patient versus patients with other forms of hypophosphatemic rickets, the results of which further revealed that the mechanism of hypophosphatemia in HHRH is independent of FGF23. This is the first report of HHRH in the Chinese population. Our findings of the novel mutation in exon 7 add to the list of more than 20 reported mutations of SLC34A3.
Bone.Bone.2014 Feb;59:114-21. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2013.11.008. Epub 2013 Nov 16.
Hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets with hypercalciuria (HHRH) is a rare metabolic disorder inherited in an autosomal recessive fashion and characterized by hypophosphatemia, short stature, rickets and/or osteomalacia, and secondary absorptive hypercalciuria. HHRH was recently mapped to chromosome 9
PMID 24246249

The Efficacy of Single-stage Open Intramedullary Nailing of Neglected Femur Fractures.

Boopalan PR, Sait A, Jepegnanam TS, Matthai T, Varghese VD.Author information Department of Orthopaedics Unit III, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632004, Tamilnadu, India, jpboopy@me.com.AbstractBACKGROUND: Neglected femur fractures are not rare in the developing world. Treatment options include single-stage open reduction and intramedullary nailing, or open release, skeletal traction, and then second-stage open intramedullary nailing, with bone grafting. Single-stage procedures have the potential advantage of avoiding neurovascular complications secondary to acute lengthening, but they require a second operation, with potentially increased resource use and infection risk.
Clinical orthopaedics and related research.Clin Orthop Relat Res.2014 Feb;472(2):759-64. doi: 10.1007/s11999-013-3293-z. Epub 2013 Sep 21.
BACKGROUND: Neglected femur fractures are not rare in the developing world. Treatment options include single-stage open reduction and intramedullary nailing, or open release, skeletal traction, and then second-stage open intramedullary nailing, with bone grafting. Single-stage procedures have the po
PMID 24057191

Japanese Journal

Correlation between degree of bone invasion and prognosis in carcinoma of the mandibular gingiva: Soft tissue classification based on UICC classification