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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/02/03 00:54:17」(JST)

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Oxygen saturation is a relative measure of the amount of oxygen that is dissolved or carried in a given medium. It can be measured with a dissolved oxygen probe such as an oxygen sensor or an optode in liquid media, usually water. The standard unit of oxygen saturation is percent (%).

Oxygen saturation can be measured regionally and non-invasively. Arterial oxygenation is commonly measured using pulse oximetry. Tissue saturation at peripheral scale can be measured using NIRS. This technique can be applied on both muscle and brain.

Our modern understanding of how oxygen dissolves in water comes from the work of Dr. Ray Weiss.^[1]

Oxygen saturation in medicine

In medicine, oxygen saturation refers to oxygenation, or when oxygen molecules (O
2) enter the tissues of the body. In this case blood is oxygenated in the lungs, where oxygen molecules travel from the air and into the blood. Oxygen saturation, or (O
2) sats measure the percentage of hemoglobin binding sites in the bloodstream occupied by oxygen. Fish, invertebrates, plants, and aerobic bacteria all require oxygen for respiration. Blood is also vital to the body system.

Oxygen saturation in Environmental Sciences

In aquatic environments, oxygen saturation is a ratio of the concentration of dissolved oxygen (O₂) in the water to the maximum amount of oxygen that will dissolve in the water at that temperature and pressure under stable equilibrium. Well-aerated water without oxygen producers or consumers is 100% saturated.

It is possible for stagnant water to become somewhat supersaturated with oxygen either because of the presence of photosynthetic aquatic oxygen producers or because of a change of atmospheric conditions. Stagnant water in the presence of decaying matter will typically have an oxygen concentration much less than 100%.

Environmental oxygenation can be important to the sustainability of a particular ecosystem. Refer to ([1] for a table of maximum equilibrium dissolved oxygen concentration versus temperature at atmospheric pressure. The optimal levels in an estuary for Dissolved Oxygen (DO) is higher than 6 ppm.^{[citation needed]} Insufficient oxygen (environmental hypoxia), often caused by the decomposition of organic matter and/or nutrient pollution, may occur in bodies of water such as ponds and rivers, tending to suppress the presence of aerobic organisms such as fish. Deoxygenation increases the relative population of anaerobic organisms such as plants and some bacteria, resulting in fish kills and other adverse events. The net effect is to alter the balance of nature by increasing the concentration of anaerobic over aerobic species. Oxygen supersaturation can also be harmful for organisms and cause decompression sickness.

References

^ http://scrippsscholars.ucsd.edu/rfweiss

UpToDate Contents

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1. パルスオキシメトリ pulse oximetry
2. 低酸素血症の酸素供給およびメカニズム oxygenation and mechanisms of hypoxemia
3. 敗血症性ショック：小児における蘇生後の継続的マネージメント septic shock ongoing management after resuscitation in children
4. 酸素供給と消費 oxygen delivery and consumption
5. 静脈血ガスおよび動脈血液ガスの代替 venous blood gases and other alternatives to arterial blood gases

English Journal

Assessment of feature selection and classification approaches to enhance information from overnight oximetry in the context of apnea diagnosis.

Alvarez D, Hornero R, Marcos JV, Wessel N, Penzel T, Glos M, Del Campo F.SourceBiomedical Engineering Group (GIB), University of Valladolid, Paseo Belén 15, 47011, Valladolid, Spain.
International journal of neural systems.Int J Neural Syst.2013 Oct;23(5):1350020. doi: 10.1142/S0129065713500202. Epub 2013 Jul 3.
This study is aimed at assessing the usefulness of different feature selection and classification methodologies in the context of sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) detection. Feature extraction, selection and classification stages were applied to analyze blood oxygen saturation (SaO2) recordings
PMID 23924411

Laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy versus open distal gastrectomy. A prospective randomized single-blind study.

Takiguchi S, Fujiwara Y, Yamasaki M, Miyata H, Nakajima K, Sekimoto M, Mori M, Doki Y.SourceDivision of Gastroenterological Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 E2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0876, Japan, stakiguchi@gesurg.med.osaka-u.ac.jp.
World journal of surgery.World J Surg.2013 Oct;37(10):2379-86. doi: 10.1007/s00268-013-2121-7.
BACKGROUND: Laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) is generally considered superior to open distal gastrectomy (ODG) with regard to postoperative quality-of-life. Differences in postoperative pain may exist due to recent pain control techniques including epidural anesthesia. There is little
PMID 23783252

Deep sedation during catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation in elderly patients.

Wutzler A, Loehr L, Huemer M, Parwani AS, Steinhagen-Thiessen E, Boldt LH, Haverkamp W.SourceDepartment of Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany, alexander.wutzler@charite.de.
Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing.J Interv Card Electrophysiol.2013 Sep 8. [Epub ahead of print]
BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia. AF incidence increases with age. AF ablation procedures are routinely performed under deep sedation with propofol. The purpose of the study was to evaluate if propofol deep sedation during AF ablation is safe in elderly pati
PMID 24013702

Japanese Journal

パルスオキシメータ (乳幼児診療AtoZ) -- (乳幼児診療の基本手技)

南野初香,梅原実
小児科 52(5), 781-784, 2011-04
NAID 40018815362

上部消化管内視鏡検査におけるミダゾラム経口投与の有用性に関する検討

山元隆文
日本消化器内視鏡学会雑誌 = Gastroenterological endoscopy 52(12), 3267-3275, 2010-12-20
上部消化管内視鏡検査時の鎮静法としてミダゾラム経口投与を実施し，臨床的有用性を検討した．対象は無作為に分けたジアゼパム10mg静注群43例とミダゾラム10mg経口投与群43例とした．両群で重篤な合併症はみられなかった．血圧低下値はミダゾラム群で有意に大きいものの，投与後に90mmHg以下に低下した症例はジアゼパム群が多かった．検査中の嘔吐反射回数，患者の鎮静スコアや苦痛スコアに有意差はみられなかっ …
NAID 10027698597

アルミニウムを含む酸性水がコイの血液性状に及ぼす影響

難波憲二,半田岳志,三ヶ尻孝文,岩田仲弘
Eco-engineering = 生態工学 21(4), 153-159, 2009-10-31
… Blood pH (BpH), hematocrit value (Hct), hemoglobin (Hb), blood oxygen content (CaO2), blood oxygen partial pressure (PaO2), blood oxygen saturation (SaO2), blood total carbon dioxide (TaCO2), blood carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2), total plasma protein (TPr), plasma sodium ion (Na+), plasma potassium ion (K+), plasma chloride ion (Cl-), plasma calcium ion (Ca2+), and blood moisture content (Bm) were measured immediately after blood sampling. …
NAID 10025531154

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

国試過去問	「105H004」
リンク元	「血液ガス」「動脈血酸素分圧」「経皮的酸素飽和度」

「105H004」

　　[★]

血中ヘモグロビン濃度が17g/dlのCOPD患者が呼吸不全となった。チアノーゼが出現し始める動脈血酸素飽和度(SaO2)に最も近いのはどれか。

a　85%
b　80%
c　75%
d　70%
e　65%

[正答]

※国試ナビ4※　［105H003］←［国試_105］→［105H005］

「血液ガス」

　　[★]

英: blood gas
同: 動脈血液ガス動脈血ガス arterial blood gases ABG arterial blood gases ABGs
関: 血液ガス分析

[show details]

血液ガス : 約 57,800 件
動脈血液ガス : 約 31,700 件
動脈血ガス : 約 17,900 件

内科レジデントの鉄則第2版 p.220

意義

肺のガス交換能が十分であるかどうか、および血液の酸塩基平衡の状態を把握する上で必要である。

方法

動脈よりヘパリンの入った採血管で採血し、血液ガス分析装置にかける。

明らかになる項目

装置によって異なる

pH, PaCO2, PaO2, HCO3-, BE, O2Ct ,SaO2

注意

採血管に気泡が入ると、気泡と検体間でガス交換がおこりPaCO2は低下しPaO2は上昇する。また、ヘパリンとよく混和し血液凝固がおこることを防ぐ。血球成分は生きているので、呼吸によりデータに変化がでるので、採血後は直ちに測定する。

参考

http://www.geocities.jp/bloodgas_analyzer/bloodgas_p.htm

「動脈血酸素分圧」

　　[★]

英: arterial partial pressure of oxygen, P_aO2, arterial oxygen tension
同: Pao2 PaO2
関: 動脈酸素飽和度 SaO2 SpO2

記号

S_aO2

基準値

80-100 Torr
100 - age/4 Torr　←　年齢による補正
100 - 0.3 x age/4 Torr　←　年齢による補正 (こういう文献もあった)

105 - 0.3 x age (IMD.449)

臨床関連

低酸素血症：≦80 Torr
呼吸不全：≦60 Torr

「経皮的酸素飽和度」

　　[★]

同: SpO2
関: 酸素飽和度、酸素解離曲線、SaO2、PaO2

パルスオキシメータによる経皮的酸素飽和度

読み方(LAB.1652)

正常値：S_pO2≧=97%

S_pO2=95%：P_aO2=70torr
S_pO2=90%：P_aO2=60torr

S_pO2=88%：P_aO2=55torr

[1] ttp://scrippsscholars.ucsd.edu/rfweiss

匿名

検索

案内

案内

SaO2