WordNet

undergo a test; "She doesnt test well"
any standardized procedure for measuring sensitivity or memory or intelligence or aptitude or personality etc; "the test was standardized on a large sample of students" (同)mental test, mental testing, psychometric test
the act of undergoing testing; "he survived the great test of battle"; "candidates must compete in a trial of skill" (同)trial
the act of testing something; "in the experimental trials the amount of carbon was measured separately"; "he called each flip of the coin a new trial" (同)trial, run
a hard outer covering as of some amoebas and sea urchins
put to the test, as for its quality, or give experimental use to; "This approach has been tried with good results"; "Test this recipe" (同)prove, try, try out, examine, essay
achieve a certain score or rating on a test; "She tested high on the LSAT and was admitted to all the good law schools"
determine the presence or properties of (a substance)
show a certain characteristic when tested; "He tested positive for HIV"
an examination of the characteristics of something; "there are laboratories for commercial testing"; "it involved testing thousands of children for smallpox"
the act of subjecting to experimental test in order to determine how well something works; "they agreed to end the testing of atomic weapons"
tested and proved useful or correct; "a tested method" (同)tried, well-tried
tested and proved to be reliable (同)time-tested, tried, tried and true

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(人の能力などの)『試験』,考査,テスト / (物事の)『試験』,検済,試錬,実験《+of+名》 / 化学分析;試薬 / =test match / …‘を'『試験する』,検査する / …‘を'化学分析する / (…の)試験を受ける,試験をする《+for+名》
testis の複数形

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/13 21:32:29」(JST)

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Isidor Clinton Rubin (January 8, 1883 in Germany^[1] – July 10, 1958 in London) was an American gynecologist who developed the Rubin test, a tubal insufflation test.^[2] This is an office procedure to check for tubal patency in the infertility investigation.

Biography

Although Rubin was born in Friedrichshof, a small place in Prussia, he usually told people that he was born in Vienna.^[3] Rubin's parents were Nehemiah Rubin and his wife Froma, née Keller. He came to America at an early age, was educated at the City College of New York and received his medical degree from Columbia University in 1905.^[4] He then trained for three years at The Mount Sinai Hospital. In 1909, he went to Vienna to work for one year in Schottländer's laboratory of gynecologic pathology at the II Universität-Frauenklinik.^[3] In 1914, the year he married Sylvia Unterberg, he returned to Vienna to study under Ernst Wertheim.^[3] Back in New York, he joined the staff of Mount Sinai Hospital and Beth Israel Hospital. From 1937 to 1948 he was a clinical professor of obstetrics and gynecology at Columbia University. He retired in 1945 from active service at The Mount Sinai Hospital and became a consultant. While attending a conference in London, Rubin died on July 10, 1958.^[1]

Tubal insufflation (Rubin test)

Rubin maintained a private practice and was interested in infertility. Realizing that many patients suffered from tubal obstruction, he developed tubal insufflation as a non-operative method to evaluate the tubes. The instrument is based on the principle that under a certain pressure, gas can be pushed via the cervix and uterus through the tubes into the abdominal cavity where its presence can be detected by distension and other means. In cases of nonpatency increasing pressure is exerted until a threshold level is reached. For his first experiments in 1919 he used oxygen, later he switched to carbon dioxide as this insufflation medium is quickly absorbed, less painful and safer. His instrument and technique were later supplemented with a kymograph to record the pressure readings. The Rubin test became a standard test to check the tubes in the investigation of causes of infertility and was claimed to be able to open up tubes in some patients with tubal occlusion.^[5] In 1958, Speert stated that "many gynecologists regard it as the twentieth century's most important contribution to the clinical study of female infertility."^[1] However, with the advancement of other techniques, notably laparoscopy, within the next two decades, the Rubin test lost its importance and it is not mentioned in contemporary textbooks.^[6]

Other contributions

Among other contributions to gynecology were his observations regarding the early development of cervical cancer. He was one of the first to use hysterosalpingography in the diagnosis of tubal and uterine disorders. His studies on ectopic pregnancy laid down the principles to identify a cervical pregnancy that became known as Rubin’s criteria.

Books

Rubin IC. Uterotubal Insufflation. CV Mosby Co, St. Louis, 1947.
Rubin IC. Symptoms in Gynecology, 1923.
Rubin IC, Novak J. Integrated Gyencology, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1956.

Awards

In 1947, a special issue of the Journal of the Mount Sinai Hospital was dedicated to Rubin at the occasion of the 25th anniversary of the Rubin test.
In 1957, a special issue of Fertility and Sterility – Volume 8, number 6 – commemorated his 75th birthday.
Among the many honors Rubin received is the title of officer of the French Legion of Honour.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Speert H. Essays in Eponymy. Obstetic and Gynecologic Milestones. The Macmillan Co, New York, 1958. pp. 279–83.
^ Furniss HD. "The Rubin test simplified.". Surg Gynecol Obstet 1921;33:567–568.
^ ^a ^b ^c Speert H (February 2007). "Memorable Medical Mentors: XVII: Isidor C. Rubin (1883–1958)". Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey 62 (2): 77–81. doi:10.1097/01.ogx.0000248809.19623.96. PMID 17229327.
^ "Isidor C. Rubin". The Gustave L. and Janet W. Levy Library, Mount Sinai Hospital. Retrieved 2010-01-30.
^ No author listed (1958-07-19). "OBITUARY". British Medical Journal 5089:168-9 2 (5089): 168–169. JSTOR 25381337. PMC 2025904. PMID 13560818.
^ Speroff L, Glass RH, Kase NG. Clinical Gynecologic Endocrinology, 6th Edition. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 1999. ISBN 0-683-30379-1.

UpToDate Contents

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1. ダウン症および18トリソミーに対するスクリーニングのための、妊娠初期におけるcombined testおよびintegrated test first trimester combined test and integrated tests for screening for down syndrome and trisomy 18
2. ノンストレス検査および収縮ストレス検査 nonstress test and contraction stress test
3. バソプレシンおよびデスモプレシン刺激試験 vasopressin and desmopressin stimulation test
4. コルチコトロピン-放出ホルモン（CRH）刺激試験 corticotropin releasing hormone stimulation test
5. 膵外分泌機能検査 pancreatic exocrine function tests

English Journal

Regressing to Prior Response Preference After Set Switching Implicates Striatal Dysfunction Across Psychotic Disorders: Findings From the B-SNIP Study.

Hill SK1, Reilly JL2, Ragozzino ME3, Rubin LH4, Bishop JR5, Gur RC6, Gershon ES7, Tamminga CA8, Pearlson GD9, Keshavan MS10, Keefe RS11, Sweeney JA8.
Schizophrenia bulletin.Schizophr Bull.2014 Sep 5. pii: sbu130. [Epub ahead of print]
Difficulty switching behavioral response sets is established in psychotic disorders. In rodent models, prefrontal lesions cause difficulty initially switching to new response sets (perseverative errors) while striatal lesions cause difficulty suppressing responses to previous choice preferences (reg
PMID 25194139

Growth in the concurrent use of antipsychotics with other psychotropic medications in medicaid-enrolled children.

Kreider AR1, Matone M1, Bellonci C2, dosReis S3, Feudtner C4, Huang YS5, Localio R6, Rubin DM7.
Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry.2014 Sep;53(9):960-970.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2014.05.010. Epub 2014 Jun 19.
OBJECTIVE: Second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) have increasingly been prescribed to Medicaid-enrolled children; however, there is limited understanding of the frequency of concurrent SGA prescribing with other psychotropic medications. This study describes the epidemiology of concurrent SGA use
PMID 25151419

Mechanically Assisted Taper Corrosion in Modular TKA.

Arnholt CM1, MacDonald DW1, Tohfafarosh M1, Gilbert JL2, Rimnac CM3, Kurtz SM4; Implant Research Center Writing Committee, Klein G5, Mont MA6, Parvizi J7, Cates HE8, Lee GC9, Malkani A10, Kraay M11.
The Journal of arthroplasty.J Arthroplasty.2014 Sep;29(9 Suppl):205-8. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2013.12.034. Epub 2014 May 28.
The purpose of this study was to characterize the prevalence of taper damage in modular TKA components. One hundred ninety-eight modular components were revised after 3.9±4.2years of implantation. Modular components were evaluated for fretting corrosion using a semi-quantitative 4-point scoring sys
PMID 24996586

Japanese Journal

9)卵管通気・通水法,子宮卵管造影(1.内分泌・不妊検査法,C.産婦人科検査法,研修コーナー)

岩下光利
日本産科婦人科學會雜誌 59(4), "N-46"-"N-48", 2007-04-01
NAID 110006958126

A LATENT VARIABLE MODEL WITH NON-IGNORABLE MISSING DATA

Hoshino Takahiro
Behaviormetrika 32(1), 71-93, 2005-01
… We show how to test that the missing mechanism is MAR/MCAR in this model. … Missingness implies a reduction in the information contained in the data set, but the missingness often contains some information on the population or the parameters of interest (Little & Rubin (1987) called this pattern of missingness "non-ignorable missing"). … Previous studies in this area are based on Rubin's assumption that the data are "missing at random (MAR)". …
NAID 110003709220

3D Structure from a Single Calibrated View Using Distance Constraints(Image Recognition, Computer Vision)

GONG Rubin,XU Gang
IEICE transactions on information and systems E87-D(6), 1527-1536, 2004-06-01
… Both simulation data and real scene images have been used to test the proposed method, and good results have been obtained. …
NAID 110003214029