WordNet

ride or float on an inflated tube; "We tubed down the river on a hot summer day"
conduit consisting of a long hollow object (usually cylindrical) used to hold and conduct objects or liquids or gases (同)tubing
electronic device consisting of a system of electrodes arranged in an evacuated glass or metal envelope (同)vacuum_tube, thermionic vacuum tube, thermionic_tube, electron_tube, thermionic_valve
(anatomy) any hollow cylindrical body structure (同)tube-shaped structure
convey in a tube; "inside Paris, they used to tube mail"
place or enclose in a tube
provide with a tube or insert a tube into
the amount that a tub will hold; "a tub of water" (同)tubful
a large open vessel for holding or storing liquids (同)vat
of a tire; having an inner tube

PrepTutorEJDIC

(金属・ガラス・ゴムなどの)管,筒 / (絵の具・歯みがきなどの)チューブ / 《米》(列車・地下鉄の)トンネル / 《英》地下鉄(《米》subway) / (ラジオ・テレビなどの)真空管(vacuum tube) / (動植物の)管状器官
『おけ』,たらい / 《話》'bath 2 / (また tubful)おけ1杯[の量](の…)《+of+名》 / 《話》のろくてぶかっこうな船;《俗》でぶ,太っちょ
〈U〉管状の物 / 《集合的に》管類 / 〈C〉(ある長さの1本の)管
らっぱ管,[輸]卵管

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/05/31 22:12:19」(JST)

wiki en

The Fallopian tubes, also known as oviducts, uterine tubes, and salpinges (singular salpinx), are two very fine tubes lined with ciliated epithelia, leading from the ovaries of female mammals into the uterus, via the utero-tubal junction. In non-mammalian vertebrates, the equivalent structures are the oviducts.

History

They are named after their discoverer, the 16th century Italian anatomist, Gabriele Falloppio.

Though the name 'Fallopian tube' is eponymous, some texts spell it with a lower case 'f' from the assumption that the adjective 'fallopian' has been absorbed into modern English as the de facto name for the structure.

Structure

In a woman's body the tube allows passage of the egg from the ovary to the uterus. Its different segments are (lateral to medial): the infundibulum with its associated fimbriae near the ovary, the ampullary region that represents the major portion of the lateral tube, the isthmus which is the narrower part of the tube that links to the uterus, and the interstitial (also known as intramural) part that transverses the uterine musculature. The tubal ostium is the point where the tubal canal meets the peritoneal cavity, while the uterine opening of the Fallopian tube is the entrance into the uterine cavity, the utero-tubal junction.

Histology

A cross section of Fallopian tube shows four distinct layers: Serosa, subserosa, lamina propria and innermost mucosal layer. The serosa is derived from visceral peritoneum. Subserosa is composed of loose adventitious tissue, blood vessels, lymphatics, an outer longitudinal and inner circular smooth muscle coats. This layer is responsible for peristaltic action of fallopian tube. Lamina propria is a vascular connective tissue.^[1] There are two types of cells within the simple columnar epithelium of the Fallopian tube (oviduct). Ciliated cells predominate throughout the tube, but are most numerous in the infundibulum and ampulla. Estrogen increases the production of cilia on these cells. Interspersed between the ciliated cells are peg cells, which contain apical granules and produce the tubular fluid. This fluid contains nutrients for spermatozoa, oocytes, and zygotes. The secretions also promote capacitation of the sperm by removing glycoproteins and other molecules from the plasma membrane of the sperm. Progesterone increases the number of peg cells, while estrogen increases their height and secretory activity. Tubal fluid flows against the action of the ciliae, that is toward the fimbrial end.

In view of longitudinal variation in histological features of tube, the isthmus has thick muscular coat and simple mucosal folds; whereas ampulla has complex mucosal folds.^[1]^{[clarification needed]}

Development

Embryos have two pairs of ducts to let gametes out of the body; one pair (the Müllerian ducts) develops in females into the Fallopian tubes, uterus and vagina, while the other pair (the Wolffian ducts) develops in males into the epididymis and vas deferens.

Normally, only one of the pairs of tubes will develop while the other regresses and disappears in utero.

The homologous organ in the male is the rudimentary appendix testis.

Function

Fertilization

When an oocyte is developing in an ovary, it is encapsulated in a spherical collection of cells known as an ovarian follicle. Just prior to ovulation the primary oocyte completes meiosis I to form the first polar body and a secondary oocyte which is arrested in metaphase of meiosis II. This secondary oocyte is then ovulated. The follicle and the ovary's wall rupture, allowing the secondary oocyte to escape. The secondary oocyte is caught by the fimbriated end and travels to the ampulla of the uterine tube where typically the sperm are met and fertilization occurs; meiosis II is promptly completed. The fertilized ovum, now a zygote, travels towards the uterus aided by activity of tubal cilia and activity of the tubal muscle. After about five days the new embryo enters the uterine cavity and on about the sixth day implants on the wall of the uterus.

The release of an oocyte does not alternate between the two ovaries and seems to be random. After removal of an ovary, the remaining one produces an egg every month.^[2]

Occasionally the embryo implants into the Fallopian tube instead of the uterus, creating an ectopic pregnancy, commonly known as a "tubal pregnancy".

Clinical significance

Patency testing

While a full testing of tubal functions in patients with infertility is not possible, testing of tubal patency is important as tubal obstruction is a major cause of infertility. A hysterosalpingogram, laparoscopy and dye, or HyCoSy will demonstrate that tubes are open. Tubal insufflation is a standard procedure for testing patency. During surgery the condition of the tubes may be inspected and a dye such as methylene blue can be injected into the uterus and shown to pass through the tubes when the cervix is occluded. As tubal disease is often related to Chlamydia infection, testing for Chlamydia antibodies has become a cost-effective screening device for tubal pathology.^[3]

Fallopian tube

Inflammation

Salpingitis is inflammation of the Fallopian tubes and may be found alone, or be a component of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Saccular dilation of the fallopian tube at its narrow portion, due to inflammation, is known as salpingitis isthmica nodosa. Like PID and endometriosis, it may lead to Fallopian tube obstruction. Fallopian tube obstruction is associated with infertility and ectopic pregnancy.

Cancer

Fallopian tube cancer, which typically arises from the epithelial lining of the Fallopian tube, has historically been considered to be a very rare malignancy. Recent evidence suggests it probably represents a significant portion of what has been classified as ovarian cancer in the past.^[4] While tubal cancers may be misdiagnosed as ovarian cancer, it is of little consequence as the treatment of both ovarian and Fallopian tube cancer is similar.

Surgery

The surgical removal of a Fallopian tube is called a salpingectomy. To remove both sides is a bilateral salpingectomy. An operation that combines the removal of a Fallopian tube with removal of at least one ovary is a salpingo-oophorectomy. An operation to remove a fallopian tube obstruction is called a tuboplasty.

Additional images

Sectional plan of the gravid uterus in the third and fourth month.
Broad ligament of adult, showing epoöphoron.
Uterus and right broad ligament, seen from behind.
pelvis and its contents, seen from above and in front.
Posterior half of uterus and upper part of vagina.
The arteries of the internal organs of generation of the female, seen from behind.
Uterus and uterine tubes.
Histology
Uterine tubes

References

^ ^a ^b Daftary, Shirish; Chakravarti, Sudip (2011). Manual of Obstetrics, 3rd Edition. Elsevier. pp. 1-16. ISBN 9788131225561.
^ "Menstrual Cycle: Biology of the Female Reproductive System: Merck Manual Home Health Handbook". Merck.com. Retrieved 2011-03-06.
^ Kodaman PH, Arici A, Seli E. (June 2004). "Evidence-based diagnosis and management of tubal factor infertility.". Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology 2004 Jun;16(3):221-9. 16 (3): 221–9. doi:10.1097/00001703-200406000-00004. PMID 15129051.
^ Hirst, JE.; Gard, GB.; McIllroy, K.; Nevell, D.; Field, M. (Jul 2009). "High rates of occult fallopian tube cancer diagnosed at prophylactic bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy.". Int J Gynecol Cancer 19 (5): 826–9. doi:10.1111/IGC.0b013e3181a1b5dc. PMID 19574767.

External links

‹The template EMedicineDictionary is being considered for deletion.› uterine+tube at eMedicine Dictionary
Histology image: 18501loa – Histology Learning System at Boston University
Menstrual Cycle - Merck

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 女性骨盤の外科解剖学 surgical female pelvic anatomy
2. 卵巣および卵管捻転 ovarian and fallopian tube torsion
3. 女性の不妊症に対する不妊手術 reproductive surgery for female infertility
4. 卵巣癌、卵管癌、および腹膜癌のリスク低減のための日和見卵管切除 opportunistic salpingectomy for ovarian fallopian tubal and peritoneal carcinoma risk reduction
5. 上皮性卵巣癌、卵管癌、および腹膜癌：臨床的特徴および診断 epithelial carcinoma of the ovary fallopian tube and peritoneum clinical features and diagnosis

English Journal

A total laparoscopic approach reduces the infertility rate after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis: a 2-center study.

Beyer-Berjot L, Maggiori L, Birnbaum D, Lefevre JH, Berdah S, Panis Y.Source*Department of Colorectal Surgery, Hôpital Beaujon, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris VII, Clichy, France †Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hôpital Nord, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France.
Annals of surgery.Ann Surg.2013 Aug;258(2):275-82. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0b013e3182813741.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the infertility rate after laparoscopic ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA).BACKGROUND: Total proctocolectomy with IPAA is known to be associated with postoperative infertility in open surgery, which may be caused by pelvic adhesions affecting the fallopian tubes. However, ferti
PMID 23360923

Laparoscopic staging for apparent early stage ovarian or fallopian tube cancer. First case series from a UK cancer centre and systematic literature review.

Brockbank EC, Harry V, Kolomainen D, Mukhopadhyay D, Sohaib A, Bridges JE, Nobbenhuis MA, Shepherd JH, Ind TE, Barton DP.SourceDepartment of Gynaecological Oncology, The Royal Marsden NHS Trust, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JJ, UK. Electronic address: Elly.Brockbank@rmh.nhs.uk.
European journal of surgical oncology : the journal of the European Society of Surgical Oncology and the British Association of Surgical Oncology.Eur J Surg Oncol.2013 Aug;39(8):912-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ejso.2013.05.007. Epub 2013 May 27.
OBJECTIVE: To describe the experience of laparoscopic staging of apparent early stage adnexal cancers.METHODS: Prospectively collected data on women who had laparoscopic staging for apparent early stage adnexal cancers from May 2008 to September 2012 was reviewed. All women had had a prior surgical
PMID 23721765

Ovarian cancer risk factors by tumor dominance, a surrogate for cell of origin.

Kotsopoulos J, Terry KL, Poole EM, Rosner B, Murphy MA, Hecht JL, Crum CP, Missmer SA, Cramer DW, Tworoger SS.SourceWomen's College Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.
International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer.Int J Cancer.2013 Aug 1;133(3):730-9. doi: 10.1002/ijc.28064. Epub 2013 Mar 13.
Differentiating ovarian tumors based on developmental pathway may further enhance our understanding of the disease. Traditionally, ovarian cancers were thought to arise from the ovarian surface epithelium; however, recent evidence suggests that some tumors originate in the fallopian tube. We classif
PMID 23364849

Japanese Journal

症例報告傍卵巣囊胞捻転と卵管捻転を同時に伴った1例

日本内視鏡外科学会雑誌 = Journal of Japan Society for Endoscopic Surgery 22(4), 503-507, 2017-07
NAID 40021268307

症例報告術前診断に苦慮した左卵管留血腫捻転の1例

東京産科婦人科学会会誌 66(2), 375-379, 2017-04
NAID 40021215008

卵管腫瘍の画像所見

臨床放射線 62(4), 535-545, 2017-04
NAID 40021184920

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「卵管」
拡張検索	「Fallopian tubes」
関連記事	「tube」

「卵管」

Fallopian tubes
	Schematic frontal view of female anatomy
	Vessels of the uterus and its appendages, rear view. (Fallopian tubes visible at top right and top left.)
Details
Latin	Tuba uterina
Greek	Salpinx
Precursor	Müllerian duct
Artery	tubal branches of ovarian artery, tubal branch of uterine artery via mesosalpinx
Lymph	lumbar lymph nodes
Identifiers
Gray's	p.1257
MeSH	A05.360.319.114.373
Dorlands; /Elsevier	12827008
TA	A09.1.02.001
FMA	18245
	Anatomical terminology

　　[★]

英: uterine tube (Z), oviduct
ラ: tuba uterina
同: ファロピウス管 Fallopian管 Fallopian tube、輸卵管、ラッパ管
関: 子宮

概念

卵巣から排卵された卵子を子宮に運ぶ環状臓器
長さ約10cm、太さ約8mm、1対の管。

女性性器の解剖

分類

外性器：外陰唇、内陰唇、陰核
内性器：子宮、付属器、膣

付属器：卵巣、卵管

卵管の区分

卵管間質部：子宮内の卵管部位
卵管峡部：最も細い部位
卵管膨大部：受精の場
卵管采：卵巣から放出された卵子を捕捉する

卵管壁

HIS.400

3層からなる

粘膜：

粘膜上皮：単層円柱上皮。ヒダを有する。分泌細胞と線毛細胞からなる。

1. 分泌細胞：(=無線毛細胞、小桿細胞)。この細胞の分泌液は精子に栄養を与え保護する。また、精子の受精能獲得にも関与しているといわれているが、不明。受精卵への栄養を与えることもある
2. 線毛細胞：分泌液、受精卵を子宮に向かわせるような方向に運動する。

粘膜固有層：著明ではない

筋層：内輪筋、外縦筋層の2層からなる。
漿膜

卵管の検査

疎通性：子宮卵管造影法、描写式卵管通気テスト Rubin test、卵管通水法 hydrotubation

Henry Gray (1825-1861). Anatomy of the Human Body. 1918.

「Fallopian tubes」

　　[★] 卵管。ファロピウス管

「tube」

　　[★]

n.

管、チューブ

関: canal、duct、ductal、ductus、meatus、pipe、tubal、vas

[:0-1] Daftary, Shirish; Chakravarti, Sudip (2011). Manual of Obstetrics, 3rd Edition. Elsevier. pp. 1-16. ISBN 9788131225561.

[2] "Menstrual Cycle: Biology of the Female Reproductive System: Merck Manual Home Health Handbook". Merck.com. Retrieved 2011-03-06.

[coog-3] Kodaman PH, Arici A, Seli E. (June 2004). "Evidence-based diagnosis and management of tubal factor infertility.". Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology 2004 Jun;16(3):221-9. 16 (3): 221–9. doi:10.1097/00001703-200406000-00004. PMID 15129051.

[4] Hirst, JE.; Gard, GB.; McIllroy, K.; Nevell, D.; Field, M. (Jul 2009). "High rates of occult fallopian tube cancer diagnosed at prophylactic bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy.". Int J Gynecol Cancer 19 (5): 826–9. doi:10.1111/IGC.0b013e3181a1b5dc. PMID 19574767.

匿名

検索

案内

案内