WordNet

of or relating to occurring in a tube such as e.g. the Fallopian tube or Eustachian tube; "tubal ligation"; "tubal pregnancy"
ride or float on an inflated tube; "We tubed down the river on a hot summer day"
conduit consisting of a long hollow object (usually cylindrical) used to hold and conduct objects or liquids or gases (同)tubing
electronic device consisting of a system of electrodes arranged in an evacuated glass or metal envelope (同)vacuum_tube, thermionic vacuum tube, thermionic_tube, electron_tube, thermionic_valve
(anatomy) any hollow cylindrical body structure (同)tube-shaped structure
convey in a tube; "inside Paris, they used to tube mail"
place or enclose in a tube
provide with a tube or insert a tube into
the amount that a tub will hold; "a tub of water" (同)tubful
a large open vessel for holding or storing liquids (同)vat
of or involving the uterus; "uterine cancer"
of a tire; having an inner tube

PrepTutorEJDIC

(金属・ガラス・ゴムなどの)管,筒 / (絵の具・歯みがきなどの)チューブ / 《米》(列車・地下鉄の)トンネル / 《英》地下鉄(《米》subway) / (ラジオ・テレビなどの)真空管(vacuum tube) / (動植物の)管状器官
『おけ』,たらい / 《話》'bath 2 / (また tubful)おけ1杯[の量](の…)《+of+名》 / 《話》のろくてぶかっこうな船;《俗》でぶ,太っちょ
子宮の / 同母異父の
〈U〉管状の物 / 《集合的に》管類 / 〈C〉(ある長さの1本の)管

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2018/04/30 06:47:42」(JST)

wiki en

The Fallopian tubes, also known as uterine tubes or salpinges (singular salpinx), are two very fine tubes lined with ciliated epithelia,^{[more detail]} leading from the ovaries of female mammals into the uterus, via the uterotubal junction. They enable the passage of egg cells from the ovaries to the uterus. In non-mammalian vertebrates, the equivalent structures are called oviducts.

Structure

Its different segments are (lateral near the ovaries to medial near the uterus): the infundibulum with its associated fimbriae near the ovary, the ampullary region that represents the major portion of the lateral tube, the isthmus which is the narrower part of the tube that links to the uterus, and the interstitial (also known as intramural) part that transverses the uterine musculature. The ostium is the point where the tubal canal meets the peritoneal cavity, while the uterine opening of the Fallopian tube is the entrance into the uterine cavity, the uterotubal junction.

Microanatomy

A cross section of Fallopian tube shows four distinct layers, from outer to inner: serosa, subserosa, lamina propria and innermost mucosal. The serosa is derived from visceral peritoneum. Subserosa is composed of loose adventitious tissue, blood vessels, lymphatics, an outer longitudinal and inner circular smooth muscle coats. This layer is responsible for the peristaltic action of the Fallopian tubes. Lamina propria is a vascular connective tissue.^[1]

The inner layer is a single layer of column-shaped cells. Cells with microscopic hair-like filaments (cilia) predominate throughout the tube, but are most numerous in the infundibulum and ampulla. Estrogen increases the production of cilia on these cells. Between the ciliated cells are peg cells, which contain apical granules and produce the tubular fluid. This fluid contains nutrients for spermatozoa, oocytes, and zygotes. The secretions also promote capacitation of the sperm by removing glycoproteins and other molecules from the plasma membrane of the sperm. Progesterone increases the number of peg cells, while estrogen increases their height and secretory activity. Tubal fluid flows against the action of the cilia, that is toward the fimbrial end.

In view of longitudinal variation in histological features of tube, the isthmus has thick muscular coat and simple mucosal folds; whereas ampulla has complex mucosal folds.^[1]^{[clarification needed]}

Development

Embryos have two pairs of ducts to let gametes out of the body; one pair (the Müllerian ducts) develops in females into the Fallopian tubes, uterus and vagina, while the other pair (the Wolffian ducts) develops in males into the epididymis and vas deferens.

Normally, only one of the pairs of tubes will develop while the other regresses and disappears in utero.

The homologous organ in the male is the rudimentary appendix testis.^{[citation needed]}

Function

Fertilization

The tube allows passage of the egg from the ovary to the uterus. When an oocyte is developing in an ovary, it is encapsulated in a spherical collection of cells known as an ovarian follicle. Just prior to ovulation the primary oocyte completes meiosis I to form the first polar body and a secondary oocyte which is arrested in metaphase of meiosis II. This secondary oocyte is then ovulated. The follicle and the ovary's wall rupture, allowing the secondary oocyte to escape. The secondary oocyte is caught by the fimbriated end and travels to the ampulla of the uterine tube where typically the sperm are met and fertilization occurs; meiosis II is promptly completed. The fertilized ovum, now a zygote, travels towards the uterus aided by activity of tubal cilia and activity of the tubal muscle. The early embryo requires critical development in the Fallopian tube.^[2] After about five days the new embryo enters the uterine cavity and on about the sixth day implants on the wall of the uterus.

The release of an oocyte does not alternate between the two ovaries and seems to be random. After removal of an ovary, the remaining one produces an egg every month.^[3]

Occasionally the embryo implants into the Fallopian tube instead of the uterus, creating an ectopic pregnancy, commonly known as a "tubal pregnancy".

Clinical significance

Patency testing

While a full testing of tubal functions in patients with infertility is not possible, testing of tubal patency is important as tubal obstruction is a major cause of infertility. A hysterosalpingogram, laparoscopy and dye, or HyCoSy will demonstrate that tubes are open. Tubal insufflation is a standard procedure for testing patency. During surgery the condition of the tubes may be inspected and a dye such as methylene blue can be injected into the uterus and shown to pass through the tubes when the cervix is occluded. As tubal disease is often related to Chlamydia infection, testing for Chlamydia antibodies has become a cost-effective screening device for tubal pathology.^[4]

Fallopian tube

Inflammation

Salpingitis is inflammation of the Fallopian tubes and may be found alone, or be a component of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). A thickening of the Fallopian tube at its narrow portion, due to inflammation, is known as salpingitis isthmica nodosa. Like PID and endometriosis, it may lead to Fallopian tube obstruction. Fallopian tube obstruction is associated with infertility and ectopic pregnancy.

Cancer

Fallopian tube cancer, which typically arises from the epithelial lining of the Fallopian tube, has historically been considered to be a very rare malignancy. Recent evidence suggests it probably represents a significant portion of what has been classified as ovarian cancer in the past.^[5] While tubal cancers may be misdiagnosed as ovarian cancer, it is of little consequence as the treatment of both ovarian and Fallopian tube cancer is similar.

Surgery

The surgical removal of a Fallopian tube is called a salpingectomy. To remove both tubes is a bilateral salpingectomy. An operation that combines the removal of a Fallopian tube with removal of at least one ovary is a salpingo-oophorectomy. An operation to remove a Fallopian tube obstruction is called a tuboplasty.

Other

The fallopian tube can prolapse into the vagina and can be mistaken for a neoplastic tissue mass. This usually happens after a hysterectomy.^[6]

History

They are named after their discoverer, the 16th century Italian anatomist Gabriele Falloppio, who thought they resembled tubas, the plural of tuba in Italian being tube.^[7]

Though the name Fallopian tube is eponymous, some texts spell it with a lower case f from the assumption that the adjective fallopian has been absorbed into modern English as the de facto name for the structure.

References

^ ^a ^b Daftary, Shirish; Chakravarti, Sudip (2011). Manual of Obstetrics, 3rd Edition. Elsevier. pp. 1-16. ISBN 9788131225561.
^ Li, S; Winuthayanon, W (January 2017). "Oviduct: roles in fertilization and early embryo development". The Journal of endocrinology. 232 (1): R1–R26. doi:10.1530/JOE-16-0302. PMID 27875265.
^ "Menstrual Cycle: Biology of the Female Reproductive System: Merck Manual Home Health Handbook". Merck.com. Retrieved 2011-03-06.
^ Kodaman PH, Arici A, Seli E (June 2004). "Evidence-based diagnosis and management of tubal factor infertility". Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 16 (3): 221–9. doi:10.1097/00001703-200406000-00004. PMID 15129051.
^ Hirst, JE.; Gard, GB.; McIllroy, K.; Nevell, D.; Field, M. (Jul 2009). "High rates of occult fallopian tube cancer diagnosed at prophylactic bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy". Int J Gynecol Cancer. 19 (5): 826–9. doi:10.1111/IGC.0b013e3181a1b5dc. PMID 19574767.
^ "Benign Neoplasms of the Vagina | GLOWM". www.glowm.com. Retrieved 2018-03-11.
^ "A Medley of Maladies". QI. Series M. Episode 1. Transcript from Subsaga.com. 16 October 2015. 0:38:37 minutes in. BBC Two. Retrieved 2 July 2017. He thought they reminded him of what were in those days rather long musical instruments with an end like a trumpet's bell, these were tubas. And so he called them tubas. And if you have a tuba, if you have a word ending in A in Italian, how do you pluralise it? What is two tuba? ... Tube. With an E on the end, spelled T-U-B-E. So, when it went around the world as his tube, his tubas, people saw the word tube. But, in fact, he had called them tubas.

External links

Histology image: 18501loa – Histology Learning System at Boston University
Menstrual Cycle - Merck

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 子宮筋腫と子宮肉腫の識別 differentiating uterine leiomyomas fibroids from uterine sarcomas
2. 子宮卵管造影 hysterosalpingography
3. 女性骨盤の外科解剖学 surgical female pelvic anatomy
4. 女性不妊症の原因 causes of female infertility
5. 腹式子宮摘出術 abdominal hysterectomy

English Journal

The spatiotemporal hormonal orchestration of human folliculogenesis, early embryogenesis and blastocyst implantation.

Atwood CS1, Vadakkadath Meethal S2.
Molecular and cellular endocrinology.Mol Cell Endocrinol.2016 Jul 15;430:33-48. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.03.039. Epub 2016 Apr 1.
The early reproductive events starting with folliculogenesis and ending with blastocyst implantation into the uterine endometrium are regulated by a complex interplay among endocrine, paracrine and autocrine factors. This review examines the spatiotemporal integration of these maternal and embryonic
PMID 27045358

Susceptibility-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for the evaluation of deep infiltrating endometriosis: preliminary results.

Cimsit C1, Yoldemir T2, Guclu M2, Akpinar IN3.
Acta radiologica (Stockholm, Sweden : 1987).Acta Radiol.2016 Jul;57(7):878-85. doi: 10.1177/0284185115602147. Epub 2015 Aug 27.
BACKGROUND: Knowledge of the precise sites of deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) lesions is essential for preoperative workup and treatment. Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) has high sensitivity for blood products and have recently been applied in abdominal imaging.PURPOSE: To determine the
PMID 26315838

SATB2 Expression Is Sensitive but Not Specific for Osteosarcomatous Components of Gynecologic Tract Carcinosarcomas: A Clinicopathologic Study of 60 Cases.

Sangoi AR1, Kshirsagar M, Horvai AE, Roma AA.
International journal of gynecological pathology : official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Pathologists.Int J Gynecol Pathol.2016 Jun 10. [Epub ahead of print]
The novel marker special AT-rich sequence binding protein (SATB2) is highly sensitive for mesenchymal tumors with osteoblastic differentiation. However, SATB2 expression in gynecologic tract carcinosarcoma has not been previously explored. Given the potential prognostic and therapeutic implications
PMID 27294605

Japanese Journal

Pathology : Cystic Rete Ovarii and Uterine Tube Adenoma in a Rabbit

CHAMBERS James K.,UCHIDA Kazuyuki,ISE Kenichiro [他]
The journal of veterinary medical science 76(6), 909-912, 2014-06
NAID 40020141221

腸閉塞にて発症した腹腔内遺残ガーゼ小腸内迷入の1例

原健太朗,前澤幸男,沼田正勝,神康之,蓮尾公篤,利野靖
日本臨床外科学会雑誌 75(1), 87-90, 2014
症例は47歳，女性．平成24年4月，心窩部痛を主訴に受診した．既往歴は，平成17年に他院にて子宮筋腫で子宮全摘術を受けている．腹部単純X線および腹部造影CTの所見より，腸管内異物による腸閉塞と診断された．入院後イレウス管を挿入し減圧を図っていたが，経過中に腹膜炎症状を認め緊急開腹手術を施行した．手術所見では，回盲部から約50cm口側の回腸近傍に膿瘍形成を認め，膿瘍腔は回腸と穿通していた．その肛門側 …
NAID 130004679166

子宮内膜細胞診を契機に腹腔鏡手術を用い診断した腹膜播種を伴う原発性卵管上皮内腺癌の 1 例

岡本三四郎,高澤豊,野村秀高,山本阿紀子,的田眞紀,尾松公平,加藤一喜,竹島信宏
日本臨床細胞学会雑誌 53(2), 126-131, 2014
背景 : 原発性卵管癌は術前診断が難しく, 多くの症例では術後の病理組織検査にて確定診断が得られる. 本疾患発見における細胞診の有用性は古くから知られているが, 近年その診断に腹腔鏡手技も有用であるとの報告も散見される. 今回われわれは, 原発巣が上皮内腺癌でありながら腹膜播種を伴う卵管癌の 1 例を経験したので報告する.症例 : 78 歳女性, 2 経妊 2 経産, 45 歳閉経. 家族歴で母親 …
NAID 130004513243

Related Pictures

Fallopian tube removal lowers ovarian cancer risk | myVMC [Get 24+] Ampulla Of Uterine Tube Histology Uterine Follopian Tube Diagram Stock Vector (Royalty Free) 399654835 - Shutterstock Microscopic View Fallopian Tube Oviduct Infolding Stock Photo (Edit Now) 128043443 normal-fallopian-tube-1 - NUS Pathology Evidence Points to Fallopian-tube Origins of Ovarian Cancer The Fallopian Tubes (Uterine) - Structure - Function - Vascular Supply Assessing Fallopian Tube Patency in Females who are Struggling to Conceive | Nabta Health

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「卵管」「tubal」「oviductal」
関連記事	「tube」「uterine」「uteri」

「卵管」

Fallopian tubes
	Schematic frontal view of female anatomy
	Microscopic view, with a stain, of a Fallopian tube
Details
Precursor	Müllerian duct
System	Reproductive system
Artery	tubal branches of ovarian artery, tubal branch of uterine artery via mesosalpinx
Lymph	lumbar lymph nodes
Identifiers
Latin	Tuba uterina
Greek	Salpinx
MeSH	D005187
TA	A09.1.02.001
FMA	18245
	Anatomical terminology [edit on Wikidata]